WSDOT Bridge Design Manual M 23-50.21 Page 5-i June 2022 Chapter 5 Concrete Structures Contents 5.0 General .................................................................. 5-1 5.1 Materials ................................................................. 5-2 5.1.1 Concrete ............................................................ 5-2 5.1.1.A Strength of Concrete ......................................... 5-2 5.1.1.A.1 CIP Concrete Bridges ............................. 5-2 5.1.1.A.2 Prestressed Concrete Girders ...................... 5-2 5.1.1.B Classes of Concrete ......................................... 5-2 5.1.1.B.1 Class 3000 ..................................... 5-2 5.1.1.B.2 Class 4000 ..................................... 5-2 5.1.1.B.3 Class 4000A .................................... 5-2 5.1.1.B.4 Class 4000D .................................... 5-2 5.1.1.B.5 Class 4000P and 5000P ........................... 5-2 5.1.1.B.6 Class 4000W ................................... 5-3 5.1.1.B.7 Class 5000 or Higher ............................. 5-3 5.1.1.C Relative Compressive Concrete Strength ......................... 5-3 5.1.1.D Modulus of Elasticity ......................................... 5-4 5.1.1.E Shrinkage and Creep ........................................ 5-4 5.1.1.F Shrinkage ................................................. 5-5 5.1.1.G Grout ..................................................... 5-5 5.1.1.H Mass Concrete ............................................. 5-5 5.1.1.I Self-Consolidating Concrete (SCC).............................. 5-6 5.1.1.J Shotcrete .................................................. 5-6 5.1.1.K Lightweight Aggregate Concrete ................................ 5-7 5.1.1.L Concrete Cover to Reinforcement ............................... 5-7 5.1.1.L.1 Precast Prestressed Concrete Girders ................ 5-7 5.1.1.L.2 Concrete Exposed to Salt/Seawater .................. 5-7 5.1.1.M Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) ........................ 5-8 5.1.2 Reinforcing Steel...................................................... 5-8 5.1.2.A Types and Grades ........................................... 5-8 5.1.2.A.1 Corrosion Resistant Reinforcement .................. 5-9 5.1.2.B Sizes ..................................................... 5-9 5.1.2.C Development .............................................. 5-10 5.1.2.C.1 Tension Development Length ...................... 5-10 5.1.2.C.2 Compression Development Length ................. 5-10 5.1.2.C.3 Tension Development Length of Standard Hooks ...... 5-10 5.1.2.D Splices ................................................... 5-10 5.1.2.D.1 Tension Lap Splices ............................. 5-10 5.1.2.D.2 Compression Lap Splices ......................... 5-10 5.1.2.D.3 Mechanical Splices .............................. 5-10 5.1.2.D.4 Welded Splices ................................. 5-11 5.1.2.E Hooks and Bends .......................................... 5-11 5.1.2.F Fabrication Lengths ......................................... 5-11