Chapter 5 Academic World Cultures Pan-Africanism – movement to end colonialism and unify all of Africa Symbolized by Pan-African colors – ▪ Red,

Consider: NNIGN – Turn in your Ch 5

Study Guide

The Nations of Africa Gain Independence

Chapter 5Academic World Cultures

Building UnityPan-Africanism – movement to end

colonialism and unify all of Africa Symbolized by Pan-African colors – ▪ Red, Green and Yellow AND/OR Red, Green and

Black

Many African flags were inspired by two flag designs: The Ethiopian Flag – Africa’s earliest modern

independent nation Marcus Garvey’s flag (leader of UNIA or

“Back to Africa” movement)

The Ethiopian Flag

UNIA Flag

Achieving Independence From Colonial Rule

World War II and Cold War both helped African nations gain their independence

World War II European nations are exhausted from the war▪ In their weakened condition, they realize they cannot hold

on to their colonies

  Cold War – US vs. USSR

Competition between these two nations helps African nations gain independence▪ USSR aided some African nations in return for their

alliance▪ US speaks out against colonialism in all its forms

The Times Are Changing…***In 1950, only 4 African nations were

independent: Liberia, Ethiopia, Egypt and South Africa

***During the 50’s and 60’s, African calls for freedom lead to the independence of many nations.

 **Several different methods were used to

achieve independence.