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NAME :. CLASS:
CHAPTER 5 : RADIOACTIVITY
TERMS
No Terms Meaning
1 ISOTOPES
2 RADIOISOTOPES
3 NUCLIDE
4 NUCLEI
5 HALFLIFE
! NUCLEAR FISSION
" NUCLEAR FUSSION
# RADIOACTI$IT%
& RADIOACTI$E DECA%
1' (AC)*ROUND RADIATION
11 RADIATION
12 PHOTON
13 CHAIN REACTION
14
5+1 THE NUCLEUS OF AN ATOM
5+1+1 Mo,e- o. an a/om an, /0e omosi/ion o. /0e n-es
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1. Atomic
Model h!
s "hich co#!i!t! o$ . #d .
ne"ith .%e&ol&i#' %o(#d the #(cle(! li)e the *l#et %e&ol&i#'
%o(#d the S(#.
+. A *%oto# h! ...ch%'e "he%e! #..h! . ch%'e.
5+1+2
N-i,e
1. A #(clide
i! # tom o$
*%ticle !t%(ct(%e
+ A# tom o$ # eleme#t i!
%e*%e!e#ted ,- it! !-m,ol ! ,o&e.
A i! $o%. /
i! $o% #d 0 i!
$o% elt
. E2m*le :
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No o$ #e(t%o#!
3 N(cleo#
#(m,e%! 3..
5+1+3 Iso/oes
1. 4ht it me#t ,- the
i!oto*e!
Is
...............
+. 4%ite !-m,olicll- i!oto*e!:
6 C71+ C71 #d C718. :.
,6 H71 H7+ #d H7 : .
c6 971 971; : .
Eerise
1. A #(cle(! co#ti#! *%oto#! #d #e(t%o#!. 4hich o$ the!e *%ticle! e2*e%ie#ce! # elect%o!ttic
$o%ce ....
+. *%oto#! #d 11? #e(t%o#!. 4%ite the !-m,ol $o% thi! #(clide
A#!"e% :
. A# i!oto*e o$ #it%o'e# c# ,e7%e*%e!e#ted ,- = N 6. Ho" m#- o$ the $ollo"i#' *%ticle!
doe! it h&e *%oto#! #e(t%o#!elect%o#!
5+1+4 Ra,ioiso/oes
60a/ is mean/ 78 ra,ioiso/oes9
:::::::::+ :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
5+2 RADIOACTI$E DECA%
5+2+1 Ra,ioa/i;i/8
1. 4ht i! me#t ,- the %diocti&it- .
le rad becomemore stable
+.4ht i! me#t ,- the %diocti&e dec-
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..
. The *%oce!! i! !id to ,espontaneous ,ec(!e
#d random,ec(!e ..
8. 4he# # tom (#de%'oe! %diocti&e dec- it! #(cle(! ,%e)! (* emit! # l*h *%ticle o%
,et *%ticle #d e#e%'- #d $o%m #e" tom! o$ di$$e%e#t eleme#t.
5. Th%ee t-*e! o$ %diocti&e emi!!io#! %e : #d icle and
energy, and form a 5+2+2 C0ara/eris/is o. /0e /0ree /8es o. Ra,ioa/i;e Emissions
Rdiocti&e
emi!!io#!
Al*h *%ticle! @et *%ticle!
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T0ree /8es o. ra,ioa/i;e ,ea8 ALPHA DECA%< (ETA DECA% AND *AMMA DECA%
5+2+3 C0anges in /0e ro/on nm7er an, n-eon nm7er in RADIOACTI$E DECA%
6 Com*lete the e(tio# to !ho" the emi!!io# o$ l*h *%ticle
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5+2+4 RADIOACTI$E DECA% SERIES
Some/imes /0e ,ag0/er n-i,e o. a ra,ioa/i;e ,ea8 is s/i-- ns/a7-e+ I/ =i-- ,ea8 in/o
ano/0er n-i,e =0i0 is a-so ns/a7-e+ T0is roess on/ines as a ra,ioa/i;e ,ea8 series
n/i- a s/a7-e n-i,e is rea0e,+
Ra,ioa/i;e De/e/ors
No De/e/or T8e o. Ra,ioa/i;e emission
Can 7e ,e/e/e,
1 P0o/ogra0i Fi-ms
2 *o-, -ea. e-e/rosoe
3 C-o, 0am7ers
4 Sar> on/er5 *eigerM--er T7e
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5+2+5 HALF LIFE
The hl$ 7 li$e o$ %diocti&e !o(%ce i! the time taken$o% hl$ #(m,e% o$ the #(clei i# !m*le o$
%diocti&e tom! to dec- OR
Time taken$o% the #(m,e% o$ #(clei i# %diocti&e mte%il to hl&e OR
Time taken $o% the co(#t %te o$ !m*le o$ %diocti&e mte%il to $ll to hl$ o$ it! !t%ti#' &l(e
OR Time taken$o% the cti&it- o$ %diocti&e !m*le to ,ecome hl$ $%om it! o%i'i#l &l(e
Eam-e ?,e/ermine 0a-. -i.e .rom a--a/ion@
6 P t)e! +9.? ho(%! to !h%i#)! $%om ?9 ' to 5 '.
Ho" m#- hl$ Bli&e! %e the%e
Eerise ? ,e/ermine 0a-. -i.e .rom gra0@
?7@ Some *o#d "te% ,ecome! co#tmi#ted ,- the %ele!e o$ %diocti&e "!te.
The %diocti&it- o$ !m*le o$ the co#tmi#ted "te% i! te!ted e&e%- "ee) $o% 5 "ee)!.
The %e!(lt! %e !ho"# i# the t,le ,elo".
time "ee)! 9 1 + 8 5
cti&it-
co(#t
?99 889 +89 19 ;9 89
?a@ Plot the '%*h o$ cti&it- 'i#!t time
?7@ S/a/e /0e re-a/ions0i 7e/=een a/i;i/8 an, /ime:
?@ !e -o(% '%*h to $i#d the hl$7li$e o$ the %diocti&e mte%il i# the !m*le. Sho" cle%l-
o# the '%*h ho" -o( o,ti#ed -o(% #!"e%. hl$7li$e o$ %diocti&e mte%il 3
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5+3 RADIOISOTOPES
T0e a-ia/ion o. ra,ioiso/oe in in,s/ries < me,iine < ar0aeo-og8 an, agri-/re+
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5+4 NUCLEAR ENER*%
5+4+1 A/omi Mass Uni/ ?a+ m+ @
1 Atom! %e too small to ,e me!(%ed i# )ilo'%m o% '%m
+. The m!! o$ # tom #(cle(! #d *%oto# %e me!(%ed i# atomic mass unit ! a.m.u #
. 1 .m.( 3 $ mass of 3 12 atom !1.(( $ 1-24#
8. 1 .m.( 3 1.44 $ 1 5g
6. +o ty%es of nuclear reaction are 8 . and
4. 9mount of energy released from the nuclear reaction can be calculated by using
IN:IN;: N. !he source of all energy in the universe is the conversion of
mass into energy#
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to give high 5inetic energy
..................................................................................................................................
5+4 IMPORTANT OF PROPER MANA*EMENT OF RADIOACTI$E SU(STANCE
5+4+1 NE*ATI$E EFFECTS OF RADIOACTI$E SU(STANCES
1+ :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
2+ :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::3+ :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
4+ :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::+
5+ :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::+
!+ :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::+
"+ :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
5+4+2 SAFET% PRECAUTIONS IN HANDLIN* RADIOACTI$E SU(STANCES
1+ :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
::::::::::::::::++
2+ :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:::::::::::::::::++
3+ :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:::::::::::::::::+
4+ :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::+
:::::::::::::::::::+
5+ :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::+
:::::::::::::::::::++
!+ :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::+:::::::::::::::::::+
"+ :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::+
:::::::::::::::::::+
.....................................the e#d......................................................the e#d.......................................
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