Chapter 450 Architecture Chapter 450 Architecture · 2016-05-04 · Chapter 450 Architecture WSF Terminal Design Manual M 3082.05 Page 450-3 April 2016 (2) Security Chapter 310 includes

WSF Terminal Design Manual M 3082.05 Page 450-1 April 2016

Chapter 450 Architecture

450.01 General450.02 References450.03 Design Considerations450.04 Building Code Requirements

450.05 Building Permits450.06 WSF Architectural Guidelines450.07 LEED®Certification450.08 Public Art Requirements

450.01 GeneralThischapteridentifiesarchitecturalconsiderationsassociatedwiththedesignofWSFterminal buildings. These include, but are not limited to: building code requirements, building permits, ADA requirements, WSF architectural guidelines, and LEED certificationforany one buildings over 5,000 square feet.

Terminal Design Manual M 3082 Page 450-1June 2015


450.01 General450.02 References450.03 Design Considerations450.04 Building Code Requirements450.05 Building Permits450.06 WSF Architectural Guidelines450.07 LEED® Certification450.08 Public Art Requirements

450.01 GeneralThis chapter identifiesarchitecturalconsiderationsassociatedwiththe design of WSF terminalbuildings. These include, but are not limited to: building code requirements, building permits,ADA requirements, WSF architectural guidelines, and LEED certification for any one buildings over 5,000 square feet.

Edmonds Ferry Terminal BuildingExhibit 450-1

Foradditionalinformation,seethefollowingchapters:

Chapter Subject300 Accessibility310 Security320 Environmental Considerations350 Buildings460 Landscaping470 Public Art Requirements570 Signage and Wayfinding

Edmonds Ferry Terminal BuildingExhibit 450-1

Foradditionalinformation,seethefollowingchapters:

Chapter Subject 300 Accessibility 310 Security 320 Environmental Considerations 350 Buildings 460 Landscaping 470 Public Art Requirements 570 SignageandWayfinding

Architecture Chapter 450

Page 450-2 WSF Terminal Design Manual M 3082.05 April 2016

450.02 ReferencesUnlessotherwisenoted,anycode,standard,orotherpublicationreferencedhereinrefers to the latest edition of said document.

(1) Federal/State Laws and CodesADA (28 CRF Part 35, as revised September 15, 2010)

International Building Code (IBC), International Code Council

International Fire Code (IFC)

National Electric Code (NEC)

National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA), Life Safety Code (NFPA-101)

RCW 39.35D High-Performance Public Buildings

RCW 43.17.200 Allocation of moneys for acquisition of works of art – Expenditures by arts commission - Conditions

International Mechanical Code IMC)

Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC)

IECC/Washington State Energy Code

(2) Design GuidanceLeadership in Energy and Environmental Design for New Construction (LEED-NC), U.S. Green Building Council

LocalJurisdictionsHistoricDesignReviewStandards

Local Jurisdictions Waterfront Districts Standards

Local Jurisdictions Zoning Codes

450.03 Design Considerations(1) Accessibility

Wherever pedestrian facilities are intended to be a part of a transportation facility, 28 CFR Part 35 requires that those pedestrian facilities meet ADA guidelines. Federal regulationsrequirethatallnewconstruction,reconstruction,oralterationofexistingtransportation facilities be designed and constructed to be accessible and useable by thosewithdisabilitiesandthatexistingfacilitiesberetrofittedtobeaccessible.Designpedestrian facilities to accommodate all types of pedestrians, including children, adults,theelderly,andpersonswithmobility,sensory,orcognitivedisabilities.Referto Chapter 300 for accessibility requirements.

http://www.iccsafe.org/

http://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/document-information-pages?mode=code&code=70&DocNum=70

http://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/document-information-pages?mode=code&code=101&DocNum=101

http://apps.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=39.35D

http://apps.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=43.17.200

http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?dispo=true&cite=51

http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=3c0ac624c2c9791fb0ebbe818eb83520&mc=true&node=pt28.1.35&rgn=div5



(2) SecurityChapter 310 includes a general discussion of the United States Coast Guard (USCG) three-tiered system of Maritime Security (MARSEC) levels, vessel security requirements,andadditionalinformationpertainingtobuildingdesign.Belowarelinkstorelevantsectionsbytopic.CoordinatewiththeWSFCompanySecurityOfficer(CSO)regardingdesignissuespertainingtosecurity.Inaddition,coordinatewiththeUSCG and Maritime Security for all terminals, the United States Customs and Border Protection (USCBP) for international terminals, and the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) for TWIC and SSI.• MARSEC Levels: 310.04• Security Rooms: 310.07• Access Control/Restricted Areas/TWIC: 310.10 • Closed Circuit Television: 310.11• Signage: 310.13

(3) Environmental ConsiderationsRefer to Chapter 320 for general environmental requirements and design guidance. RefertotheprojectNEPA/SEPAdocumentationforproject-specificenvironmentalimpacts and mitigation.

(4) BuildingsRefer to Chapter 350forgeneralbuildingdesigncriteria.Belowarelinkstorelevantsections by topic.• Building Structures: 350.04• Building Foundations: 350.05• Building Utilities: 350.06

(5) Proprietary ItemsWSFusescompetitivelyacquiredproductstofulfilltherequirementsofacontractwhereverfeasibletohelpachievethelowestprice,thebestquality,andthemostefficientuseofresources.Thereareinstancesinwhichcompetitivebiddingmaynotorcannotbeprovidedandaspecificproprietaryproductisallowed.RefertoSection 220.07(2) for limitations on the use of proprietary items.

(6) SignageandWayfindingRefer to Chapter 770 for requirements.



450.04 Building Code RequirementsDesignnewbuildingstocomplywithcodesinplaceatthetimeofpermitapplicationincluding local jurisdiction building related codes, municipal codes, the International Building Code(IBC)andanystate-wideamendments, IECC/Washington State Energy Code, and the current adopted editions of Mechanical, Plumbing, and Electrical Codes. Ifthereisaconflictbetweenthespecificcodesstatedinthissectionandalocalagency,providedocumentationintheDDPandanexplanationforwhichcodewasused.TheIBC addresses issues including, but not limited to, occupancy and egress requirements, buildinglimitationsonareaandheight,constructiontype,andfireprotectionofvarious elements.

ThefinishfloorelevationforbuildingsplacedondocksshallcomplywithFEMAbasefloodelevations.

450.05 Building Permits Building permits are required for the terminal buildings including passenger buildings, maintenance buildings, toll booths, and the terminal supervisor building. Building permits are obtained from the local jurisdictional authority.

Building permits are not required for the overhead loading (OHL) structure, unless passengersstagewithintheOHL.Forpermittingpurposes,theOHLstructurebeginsatthefixedwalkwayrampandnotthetransferspan(seeExhibit450-2).


Page 450-4 Terminal Design Manual M 3082June 2015

(6) Signage and Wayfinding

Refer to Chapter 770 for requirements.

450.04 Building Code RequirementsDesignnewbuildingstocomplywithcodesinplaceatthe time of permit application including local jurisdiction building related codes, municipal codes, the International Building Code (IBC)and any state-wideamendments,IECC/Washington State Energy Code, and the current adopted editions of Mechanical, Plumbing, and Electrical Codes. Ifthereisaconflictbetweenthespecificcodes stated in this section and a local agency, provide documentation in the DDP and an explanationforwhichcodewasused.The IBC addresses issues including, but not limited to, occupancy and egress requirements, building limitations on area and height, construction type, and fire protection of various elements.

ThefinishfloorelevationforbuildingsplacedondocksshallcomplywithFEMAbasefloodelevations.

450.05 Building Permits Building permits are required for the terminal buildings including passenger buildings, maintenance buildings, toll booths, and the terminal supervisor building. Building permits are obtained from the local jurisdictional authority.

Building permits are not required for the overhead loading (OHL)structure, unless passengers stagewithintheOHL. For permitting purposes, the OHLstructure beginsatthefixedwalkwayramp and not the transfer span (see Exhibit450-2).

Limits of Overhead LoadingExhibit 450-2

Local zoning and jurisdictional requirements apply to new development of a terminal facility and may apply to retrofits and modifications to a facility. Exhibit450-3 identifies the governing

Overhead Loading Terminal Building

Limits of Overhead LoadingExhibit 450-2

Localzoningandjurisdictionalrequirementsapplytonewdevelopmentofaterminalfacilityandmayapplytoretrofitsandmodificationstoafacility.Exhibit450-3identifiesthegoverningjurisdictionandzoningdesignationforexistingWSFterminals.Coordinatewiththelocaljurisdictionalauthorityforanypermit requirements.





Terminal Jurisdiction Zoning DesignationAnacortes City of Anacortes Commercial MarineBainbridge Island City of Bainbridge Island Ferry Terminal District OverlayBremerton City of Bremerton Urban Renewal DistrictClinton Island County State Highway ROWEdmonds City of Edmonds Ferry ROWFauntleroy City of Seattle Single Family – 7500 sfFriday Harbor Town of Friday Harbor CommercialCoupeville Island County ParkKingston Kitsap County Neighborhood CommercialLopez San Juan County Rural GeneralMukilteo City of Mukilteo Downtown BusinessOrcas San Juan County VillagePoint Defiance City of Tacoma S-5Port Townsend City of Port Townsend Historical OverlaySeattle City of Seattle DH1/45Shaw San Juan County Rural Farm ForestSouthworth Kitsap County RR/Residential RuralTahlequah King County Dept of Development

& Environmental Services2.5 (RA)

Vashon King County Dept of Development & Environmental Services

None (within ROW)

Terminal Jurisdiction and Zoning DesignationExhibit 450-3

450.06 WSF Architectural Guidelines(1) General

Designterminalbuildingstointegratewiththesurroundingcommunity.Incorporatelowmaintenancefeatures,naturallight,andviewsintothedesign.DevelopbuildinglayoutswithWSFOperationsapprovalandincorporatebuildingmaterialsdesignedforaharshmarineenvironmentconducivetoheavysnow,wind,rainandcorrosion.Provide slip resistant surfaces both inside and outside the buildings. Consider the use ofrecycledandrenewablematerials.

Complywitharchitecturalrequirementsofjurisdictionalauthoritywhichmayinclude,but are not limited to: height restrictions, building orientation, period, style, theme, and color. Landscaping requirements may also apply (refer to Chapter 460).

(2) Building EnvelopeDesigntheexteriorenvelopeforallstructurestoensureweathertightness,minimizemaintenance,maximizebuildinglongevity,andbearchitecturallycompatiblewiththe surrounding environment. Minimize bird perch area and provide bird deterrence as necessary.



(a) RoofingProvideacompleteroofingsystemthatisfullyweatherproof.Wherealowsloperoofisrequired,provideroofparapetswithroofdrainsandsupplementaryoverflowdrainsorscuppers.Provideroofaccessthrougharoofaccesshatch,doorwayorstairway.Provide screening for rooftop equipment. Provide fall restraint system as required for the roof access.

1. Single-ply roofing• Slope all roof surfaces at a minimum grade of ¼ inch per horizontal foot.• Designlowsloperoofswithsingle-plymembranesmechanicallyattached(woodandmetaldecks)orfullyadhered(concretedecks)forwaterfrontexposureapplication.

• Installwalkingpadsfromroofaccesspointtoandaroundallequipmentthat requires servicing. Install walkways a minimum of 6 feet from the roof edges.

• Specifylightgrayroofingcolorunlessrequiredotherwisebylocaljurisdiction.• Requireminimummembranethicknessof60mil.

2. Metal roofing

Standingseammetalroofsareallowableforroofslopesover3inchofrisein12inchofrun.Panelsforlowerslopesprovidetoomuchopeningattheendsforbugandwaterintrusion.Metalroofpanelsaretobezinc-alumcoatedsteeloraluminumwithpolyvinylidenefluoride(PVDF)coatings.

3. Warranties

Specifyroofingmanufacturer’swarrantyforallroofs.Single-plywillbe20yearwarranties.Metalroofingwillhavea20yearmaterialandlaborwarranty.

(b) Walls• Exteriorfinishsystems(EFS)arenotrecommended.• Providecurtainwallwindowsystemswhereexposedtowinddrivenrain.

Storefront is adequate for areas protected from rain.• Providemasonrywallsthatareeitherdoublewytheorhaveacontinuousmoisture

barrier behind the veneer.

(c) Sealants• Onlyinstalltwopartsealantsonhorizontalsurfacesexposedtoweather.• Usebondbreakertapeonallmortarjointsbehindcaulking.

(d) Doors and Hardware• Limitdoorheightto7feet.Over-heightglassdoorsaretooheavyforautoopeners.• Provideproximityreadercontrolsonallperimeterdoors.Locateproximityreaders

and automatic opener devices adjacent to one another.• ProvidepanichardwareasrequiredbytheInternational Building Code, NFPA 101, orthemostrestrictivelocaljurisdiction.Donotusepairsofdoorswithexposedverticalrods.Rimdeviceswithremovablemullionsareacceptable.



• SpecifylocksandlocksetsthatarecompatiblewithBestLockscores.Keyingwillbe done by the State.

• Equipaccessibleroutewithpairsofdoorstoallowdisabled/emergencyaccess.Ataminimumspecifythatonedoorbeautomaticwithbuttonpushassistedopeningin the accessible route. Automatic slider type doors are to be single leaf. No double actingdoors.Bi-partingisallowable.

• Designelectronicfairsystem(EFS)doorstoworkwithcoderequiredexits/alarms.• Overheadclosersarepreferred.Provideallcloserswithadjustmentsforlatchandclosingspeeds,andback-checkcontrol.

(e) Bird ControlKeepbirdperchareatoaminimuminbuildingdesign.Birddeterrentsinclude:wire,sharpanddullsticks,hotwire,steepsloperoof,andsprinklersystemthatcouldbetrippedasneeded.Notethatsolarpoweredwhirlybirdsareexpensiveandwerenotfound effective in trials at the Edmonds Terminal.


Page 450-8 Terminal Design Manual M 3082June 2015

• Provide proximityreadercontrols on all perimeter doors. Locate proximityreadersandautomatic opener devices adjacent to one another.

• ProvidepanichardwareasrequiredbytheInternational Building Code, NFPA 101, or themostrestrictivelocaljurisdiction.Donotusepairsofdoorswithexposedverticalrods.Rimdeviceswithremovablemullionsareacceptable.

• Specify locksandlocksetsthat arecompatiblewithBestLockscores.Keyingwillbedone by the State.

• Equip accessible route with pairsofdoorstoallowdisabled/emergency access. At a minimum specify that onedoorbeautomaticwithbuttonpushassistedopeningintheaccessible route. Automatic slider type doors are to be single leaf. No double acting doors. Bi-partingisallowable.

• Design electronic fair system (EFS)doorstoworkwithcoderequiredexits/alarms.

• Overheadclosersarepreferred.Provide all closers with adjustments for latch and closing speeds,andback-checkcontrol.

(e) Bird Control

Keepbirdperchareatoaminimuminbuilding design. Bird deterrents include:wire,sharpanddullsticks,hot wire,steepsloperoof,and sprinklersystemthatcouldbetrippedasneeded. Note that solar poweredwhirlybirds are expensiveandwerenotfoundeffectiveintrials at the Edmonds Terminal.

Bird DeterrentExhibit 450-4

(3) Building Interiors

(a) General Design

• ProvidebuildinginteriorswithnaturalventilationinaccordancewiththeIBC or mechanicalventilationinaccordancewiththeUniform Mechanical Code (UMC).

• Provide ceiling heights incompliancewiththeIBC.

• Design interior finishesincompliancewiththeIBC and the WSF Terminal Design Manual guidelines.

• Minimize bird perch area in building interior design for waitingareas.

Bird DeterrentExhibit 450-4

(3) Building Interiors

(a) General Design• ProvidebuildinginteriorswithnaturalventilationinaccordancewiththeIBCormechanicalventilationinaccordancewiththeUniform Mechanical Code (UMC).

• ProvideceilingheightsincompliancewiththeIBC.• DesigninteriorfinishesincompliancewiththeIBCandtheWSFTerminal Design

Manual guidelines.• Minimizebirdperchareainbuildinginteriordesignforwaitingareas.

(b) Floor Finish in Terminal Building• Specifysealedconcreteorterrazzoasthestandardpublicareaflooring.Concretefloorscanbestained.

• Provideinteriorflushwalk-offgrateareasatentrydoors.Connectgratedareatosump drain.

• Provideanentrymattocollecttrackedinwater.



• Usevinylcompositiontile(VCT)instaffoffices,ITrooms,staffrestrooms,andbreakrooms.

• Lightbroomfinishedconcreteonoverheadwalkwaysforbothopen-airandenclosedwalkways.

• Useunglazedceramictileonpublicrestroomsfloors.

(c) Storage• Separate janitor closets from electrical and mechanical rooms. • Size janitor closets to store all cleaning supplies and equipment. This includes afloorcleaningmachine.

• Providededicatedstorageareasforspecialtyequipmentsuchaspoweredwheelchairs.

(d) Interior Doors and Hardware• VerifyhardwarefunctionwithWSFOperationsmanagement.Specifycommercialgradehardware.

• Provideofficedoorhardwarewithleverhandles.Provideallinteriordoorswithclosers.SpecifystopandholdfunctionwithclosersasrequestedbyWSFOperationsmanagement.

• Provideaccessiblerestroomdoorswithautomaticopenerswithpushbuttons.• Providecoderestrictedareaswithwarningknobs.Janitorroomsgenerallyrequire

20 minute rating. To facilitate their closing, but discourage propping open, provide alljanitordoorcloserswith180degreeholdopen.

• Specifyalldoorsonrequiredexitcorridorsberated20minutewithself-closingdevicesandlatchinghardware.

(e) Exit Signage• UseUniversalmount,metalhousing,greenLEDwithdiffusinglens.• 90minuteNiCadbatteryback-up

(f) Fire ExtinguisherCabinets are preferred to be recessed mount. Provide general signage high enough above cabinets to be visible from general public areas in occupied building condition.

(4) RestroomsDesigncirculationandaccessintoandexitingrestroomsbasedonterminalcapacity.Smaller capacity restrooms require a door for privacy separation. Larger capacity restroomsmayworkmoreefficientlywithadog-legopenaccessinplaceofdoors.Largerrestroomsrequireanoperationaldividingwalltoprovidefunctionalseparateduse for the convenience of the public and janitorial staff during cleaning. Equip separationwallopeningwithacoilingdoor.Alternatively,largerterminalsmaycontaintwoseparaterestroomsforeachsextoallowforcleaningwithoutremovalofservice.



(a) General• ProvideatleasttheminimumnumberofplumbingfixturessetforthintheIBC.

Include ADA stall in code requirement for minimum number of stalls calculation.• Uselightercolorschemestoprovideforacleanerlook.• Wherepossible,provideplumbingchasewallswithaccessforallfixtures.• Providenaturallightwherepossible. Use of a vertical clerestory is preferred to horizontalskylightsduetobirdmaintenanceconcerns.

• Consider family restrooms at major terminals.

(b) Walls• Usefullheightceramicwalltileandcovebaseon¼-inchcementitiousbackerboardon½-inchplywoodonallrestroomwalls.

• Donotusespecialordertileorimportedtilethatincurssignificantadditionalcostover domestic tile.

(c) Ceilings• Usehardrockceilings.• Userecessedlightsiftheceilingisbelow8feet.• Donotprovideopenlensforlightfixturesabove8feet(bugcatchers).• Locatelightfixtureswheretheycanbeeasilyaccessedforlightbulbchanges.

Clerestory ceiling lights should be easy to change from an 8-foot ladder. • Provide storage space for ladder and light bulbs in the passenger building or

terminal maintenance building.

(d) Floors• Useceramicunglazedtileforthefloors,bedsetwithslopetodrain.• Formulti-fixturerestrooms,locatefloordrainsbelowsinksandwaterclosetrows.Asinglefloordrainisacceptableforsmallorsingleoccupantrestrooms.

(e) Fixtures• Providefloormountedurinalswhenpossible.• Waterlessurinalsarenotanallowablefixture.• Useindividualporcelainsinks.• Use3.5gallonblow-outwaterclosetswithminimum2⅝inchballthroatclearance.Wallmountispreferred.Wallneedstobedesignedstructurallytosupportfixture.

• Providehosebibswithlockablecoversunderlavatoriesinrestroomsandinjanitor closet.



(f) Countertops• Use solid formed material for countertops. • Do not use plastic laminate counter tops• Provide one ADA compliant countertop per restroom

(g) Toilet Partitions• Useembossedstainlesssteelpartitionswithhoney-combimpregnatedcraftpaper

cores. The embossing deters vandalism. • Floor mounting of toilet partitions is preferred. Ceiling hung units suffer

misalignment from public abuse.

(h) Accessories• Provideallpublicrestroomswithababychangingtable.• Use electric hand dryers. High output hand dryers,suchasExcelXlerator© are notacceptableduetonoise.WSFdiscouragestheuseofpapertowelsduetodisposal problems.

• Provide sanitary disposal bag dispensers at each female waterclosets. • Provideawastebasketandaneedledisposalreceptacleineachrestroom.• Provide a Jumbo toilet paper dispenser typical at eachwatercloset.• Provide seat coverdispensersateachwatercloset.• Provide coat hooks in each stall.• Use wallmounted soap dispensers compatiblewiththetypeofsoapcurrently

available through state procurement contracts. Nopowderdispensersareallowed.Singleunitreservoirswithmultipointdispensersarenotallowed(wrongproductcauses malfunctions of all units).

When infrared heating is used have occupant sensor turn heat on. Place supply air above door height.

450.07 LEED®CertificationAllpublicbuildingshavinganareagreaterthan5,000squarefeetasdefinedunderRCW 39.59 are to be designed to incorporate the U.S. Green Building Council’s Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Green Building Rating System (LEED-NC).LEED®isaninternationallyrecognizedgreenbuildingcertificationsystem,providingthird-partyverificationthatabuildingorfacilitywasdesignedand built using strategies intended to improve environmental performance. Buildings arerequiredtobedesigned,constructedandcertifiedtoatleasttheLEED®Silver standard.

The LEED® system is a point based system that requires the project team to submit documentationtoproveperformanceinaseriesofsixdifferentcategories:SustainableSites,WaterEfficiency,Energy&Atmosphere,Materials&Resources,IndoorEnvironmentalQuality,andInnovation&DesignProcess.Prerequisitesineachcategoryreceivenopointsandaremandatoryforallprojects.Examplebuildingandsite features contributing to LEED accreditation and a sustainable design solution includethefollowing:

http://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=39.59

http://www.usgbc.org/?CategoryID=19



• Sustainable Sites:alternativetransportation,stormwatermanagement,heat&lightpollution reduction

• Water Efficiency:waterusereduction,reuseofpotablewaterandrainwater• Energy & Atmosphere:useofrenewableenergy,highperformanceequipment• Materials & Resources:useofrecycled,regional,andrapidlyrenewablematerials• Indoor Environmental Quality:incorporationofviews,daylighting,and

natural ventilation• Innovation & Design Process:educationalprograms,exceedingADArequirements,exemplaryperformanceforview,comprehensivemastertransportation plan, and use of LEED® accredited professional in design process.

Rehabilitation and remodel ofexistingfacilitiesmayqualifyfortheWashingtonStateQuality Assurance Program if LEED silver rating is not attainable.

450.08 Public Art RequirementsRCW 43.17.200 requires that all state agencies allocate out of moneys appropriated for the original construction of any public building, an amount of one-half of one percent oftheappropriationtobeexpendedbytheWashingtonstateartscommissionfortheacquisitionofworksofart.Theworksofartmaybeplacedonpubliclands,integralto or attached to a public building or structure. Refer to Chapter 470 for additional guidance and restrictions.

http://apps.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=43.17.200



Chapter 450 Architecture Chapter 450 Architecture · 2016-05-04 · Chapter 450 Architecture WSF Terminal Design Manual M 3082.05 Page 450-3 April 2016 (2) Security Chapter 310 includes

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