Chapter 40 “The Chapter 40 “The Immune System Immune System ” ” 40.1 “Disease” 40.1 “Disease” Objective: Objective: Define the term “disease” Define the term “disease” Describe “Germ Theory” & “Koch’s Describe “Germ Theory” & “Koch’s Postulates” Postulates” Discuss disease Transmission & Discuss disease Transmission & Prevention. Prevention.
25
Embed
Chapter 40 “The Immune System” 40.1 “Disease” 40.1 “Disease” Objective: Objective: Define the term “disease” Define the term “disease” Describe “Germ Theory”
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Chapter 40 “The Immune Chapter 40 “The Immune SystemSystem””
IntroductionIntroduction (Do not write) (Do not write)
How would you define an infection?How would you define an infection? Sickness, contamination of some sort.Sickness, contamination of some sort. By what?By what? Bacteria, or some “other” disease Bacteria, or some “other” disease
causing organism.causing organism. How does the human body become How does the human body become
A A diseasedisease is any change, other is any change, other than injury, that disrupts than injury, that disrupts “normal” body functions“normal” body functions..
Some are inherited Some are inherited (hemophilia), some are caused (hemophilia), some are caused by environment, others by by environment, others by bacteria, viruses, or fungi.bacteria, viruses, or fungi.
PathogensPathogens
Infect the bodyInfect the body Cause diseaseCause disease
VirusVirus
BacteriaBacteria
Malaria ParasiteMalaria Parasite
The Germ TheoryThe Germ Theory
Observations made by Louis Observations made by Louis Pasteur & Robert Koch concluded Pasteur & Robert Koch concluded that diseases were caused by that diseases were caused by “germs”, rather than “evil “germs”, rather than “evil spirits”.spirits”.
Koch developed guidelines to Koch developed guidelines to identify microorganisms that identify microorganisms that caused diseasescaused diseases
Agents of DiseaseAgents of Disease Ideal conditions for pathogen Ideal conditions for pathogen
growth - your body! growth - your body! Most are harmlessMost are harmless
Bacteria release toxins which Bacteria release toxins which make you sickmake you sick
Viruses (non-living) invade cells Viruses (non-living) invade cells and eventually cause them to pop and eventually cause them to pop
Specific Defenses.Specific Defenses. Define/describe the term Define/describe the term
Immunity.Immunity.
IntroductionIntroduction (do not write)(do not write)
With so many pathogens, why With so many pathogens, why aren’t you sick all the time?aren’t you sick all the time? Your body has a protective system; Your body has a protective system;
a series of defenses that guard a series of defenses that guard against disease.against disease.
Like walls that act as barriers & Like walls that act as barriers & security guards trained to spot security guards trained to spot invaders.invaders.
Immune SystemImmune System
Primary defense against Primary defense against pathogenspathogens
Nonspecific defensesNonspecific defensesBlock out everythingBlock out everything
Specific defensesSpecific defensesAttack a specific pathogenAttack a specific pathogen
Nonspecific DefensesNonspecific Defenses
First line of defenseFirst line of defense = = the skin, mucus, sweat, the skin, mucus, sweat, stomach acidstomach acid
Skin is the most Skin is the most important nonspecific important nonspecific defense.defense.
Inflammatory ResponseInflammatory Response Second line of non-specific Second line of non-specific
defensesdefenses Pathogens may enter body Pathogens may enter body
through a cutthrough a cut Area swells, gets redArea swells, gets red WBC released into injured areaWBC released into injured area Pathogens vs. WBC Pathogens vs. WBC
Inflammatory ResponseInflammatory Response
SkinWound
Bacteria enter the wound
WBCs move into the area and engulf the bacteria and cell debris
Capillary
Specific DefensesSpecific Defenses Powerful defense against a Powerful defense against a
“specific” pathogen.“specific” pathogen. S. defenses produce immunity S. defenses produce immunity
against pathogens.against pathogens. Two types of immunity: Anti-Two types of immunity: Anti-
body & Cell Mediated body & Cell Mediated Immunities.Immunities.
Antibody ImmunityAntibody Immunity Molecules on Molecules on
surface of surface of pathogens called pathogens called antigensantigens