147 CHAPTER-4 WOMEN REPRESENTATIVES IN PANCHAYATI RAJ INSTITUTIONS IN MEDAK DISTRICT This chapter focuses on women representatives’ scenario in Medak district and the important role they have to play towards the governance of rural areas. The importance of women leadership, especially in rural local bodies has its place at the top of rural administration. Male leadership simultaneously dominates all over the jurisdiction of Panchayati Raj but, there are certain areas where women representatives yields good results, especially, wherever the need of raising the problems pertaining to rural women. In spite of male domination, the women leadership also plays challenging role. In the light of importance of women representation in politics the present chapter has made an attempt to assess the women representative scenario in the district under. 4.1 Elected Women Representatives: Participation and Decision-Making The empowerment and autonomy of women and the improvement of women’s social, economic and political status is essential for the achievement of both transparent and accountable government and administration and sustainable development in all areas of life. The power relations that prevent women from leading fulfilling lives operate at many levels of society, from the most personal to the highly public. Achieving the goal of equal participation of women and men in decision-making will provide a balance that more accurately reflects the
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147
CHAPTER-4
WOMEN REPRESENTATIVES IN PANCHAYATI RAJ
INSTITUTIONS IN MEDAK DISTRICT
This chapter focuses on women representatives’ scenario in Medak
district and the important role they have to play towards the governance of rural
areas. The importance of women leadership, especially in rural local bodies has
its place at the top of rural administration. Male leadership simultaneously
dominates all over the jurisdiction of Panchayati Raj but, there are certain areas
where women representatives yields good results, especially, wherever the need
of raising the problems pertaining to rural women. In spite of male domination,
the women leadership also plays challenging role. In the light of importance of
women representation in politics the present chapter has made an attempt to
assess the women representative scenario in the district under.
4.1 Elected Women Representatives: Participation and Decision-Making
The empowerment and autonomy of women and the improvement of
women’s social, economic and political status is essential for the achievement of
both transparent and accountable government and administration and sustainable
development in all areas of life. The power relations that prevent women from
leading fulfilling lives operate at many levels of society, from the most personal
to the highly public. Achieving the goal of equal participation of women and
men in decision-making will provide a balance that more accurately reflects the
148
composition of society and is needed in order to strengthen democracy and
promote its proper functioning. Equality in political decision-making performs a
leverage function without which it is highly unlikely that a real integration of the
equality dimension in government policy-making is not only a demand for
simple justice or democracy but can also be seen as a necessary condition for
women’s interests to be taken into account. Without the active participation of
women and the incorporation of women’s perspective at all levels of decision-
making, the goals of equality, development and peace cannot be achieved.
Women’s political participation and representation at decision-making
levels are two different issues1. Participation is a necessary but insufficient
condition for representation does not flow automatically from participation.
Women all over the world have participated widely in political movements in
times of crisis but, once the crisis is over, they are relegated again to the
domestic arena. Women’s active participation in local bodies is creating a
paradigm. The buzz word today is “Women can do it” which is proved very
emphatically by various luminaries in different walks of life. Panchayati Raj
Institutions, the grass root units of self-government have been proclaimed as the
vehicles of socio-economic transformation in rural India, where 56.14 per cent
of our people live according to the 2011 census.
Although women make up at least half of the electorate in almost all
countries and have attained the right to vote and hold office in almost all states
1 Geeta Chaturvedi, Women Administration of India RBSA Publications, Jaipur, 1985, p. 12.
149
who, are members of the United Nations, women continue to be seriously
underrepresented as candidates for public office. The traditional working
patterns of many political parties and government structures continue to be
barriers to women’s participation in public life. Women may be discouraged
from seeking political office by discriminatory attitudes and practices, family
and child-care responsibilities, and the high cost of seeking and holding public
office. Women in politics and decision-making positions in Governments and
legislative bodies contribute to redefining political priorities, placing new items
on the political agenda that reflect and address women’s gender-specific
concerns, values and experiences, and providing new perspectives on
mainstream political issues. The low proportion of women among economic and
political decision-makers at the local, national, regional and international levels
reflects structural and attitudinal barriers that need to be addressed through
positive measures.
The equitable distribution of power and decision-making at all levels is
dependent on Governments and other actors undertaking statistical gender
analysis and mainstreaming a gender perspective in policy development and the
implementation of programmes. Equality in decision-making is essential to the
empowerment of women. National, regional and international statistical
institutions still have insufficient knowledge of how to present the issues related
to the equal treatment of women and men in the economic and social spheres.
The inequality between men and women in the sharing of power and decision-
150
making at all levels, Governments and other actors should promote an active and
visible policy of mainstreaming a gender perspective in all policies and
programmes so that before decisions are taken, an analysis is made of the effects
on women and men, respectively.
4.2 Women and Inequality in Politics
Women’s participation in politics and government, however, remains
limited. Although their parliamentary representation has steadily increased over
the past decade, gender parity in politics at all levels is still a long way off. By
July 2006, women accounted for just fewer than 17 per cent of parliamentarians
worldwide. Ten countries have no women parliamentarians at all, and in more
than 40 others, women account for less than 10 per cent of legislators. At current
annual rates of growth in the proportion of women members of national
parliaments – about 0.5 per cent worldwide – gender parity in national
legislatures will not be achieved.
The under-representation of women at the ministerial level and in local
government is even more marked than in national legislatures. As of January
2005, women accounted for just over 14 per cent of government ministers
worldwide. Nineteen governments had no women ministers at all, and among
those governments that did include women, most had a token presence of around
one to three women ministers. As of March 2006, only three countries – Chile,
Spain and Sweden – had achieved gender parity in ministerial portfolios. At the
local level, women account for less than 1 in 10 of the world’s mayors.
151
The Indian Constitution guarantees political equality through the
institution of adult franchise and the right to equality which prohibits
discrimination on the grounds of sex. The equal political status will not be
realized by mere declaration in the constitution. Voting in the elections do not
bestow equal status. If adequate opportunities to take part in the deliberations of
the nation are not provided, participation has no meaning2.
The socio-economic conditions are not conducive for the effective
participation of women in political affairs. Political equality is meaningless in a
country where the mass of the population suffers from poverty, illiteracy,
inequality of class status and power. Apart from these women suffer from
traditional attitudes which made them to feel that they are unequal.
The political background of women shows that they are far away from an
equal status along with men. Women are politically not active and do not come
forward to participate in public affairs. The membership in political parties,
public institutions, voluntary organisation exercise of franchise, discussing
politics etc. explains the political profiles of the women. The problem of equal
status and equal participation must be understood in the context of a society for,
in a traditional society like India the participation of women in public life is not
encouraging.
2 Mastern Vali, Mohd, Women and Politics, Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2002, p.8.
152
4.3 Salient Features of Medak District
This chapter highlights the Medak District Profile which presents the
History of the district boundaries, physical aspects like climate, hills, rainfall,
rivers, flora and fauna etc. Subsequently, district at a glance has been presented
with a view to understand general features at once. Variation in population right
from 1901 to 2011 has been presented to understand the decadal increase as well
as decrease in population likewise, a summary of population statistics 1991-2011
is also presented with a view to take a note of decadal variation in rural and
urban density of population, slum population male and female population,
Scheduled Caste / Scheduled Tribes (SC/ST) population, rate of literacy etc.
Furthermore mandal-wise population including male and female, mandal-wise
area, number of villages / towns, population and density of population, mandal-
wise SC/ST sex wise population mandal-wise literate population for 2001 is also
presented in this chapter to understand the status prevailing in the district. An
attempt is also made in this chapter to compare the statistical information of the
District with the State of Andhra Pradesh in respect of area, population, density
of population, birth and death rate rural and urban population, SC and ST
population, literacy, workers, production, education etc.
Number of Non-Governmental organizations (NGOs) registered in Medak
district (both in rural and urban areas) and actual number of functioning NGOs
in the district is also presented in this chapter to highlight the factors responsible
for the formation of NGOs as well as the factors responsible for the closure of
153
NGOs. Thus, this chapter presents the focus on profile of Medak district which
covers all aspects related with the subject.
4.4 History of Medak district
The District derived its name from ‘Methukudurgam’, the then
headquarters town of the taluk of the same name. Medak district was originally
known as “Methukudurgam” which subsequently changed into Methuku due to
the growth of fine and coarse rice in this area3. Medak district became part of
the Kakatiya Kingdom the Brahmani Kingdom and later the Golconda Kingdom.
Finally on the fall of the Quthubshahi dynasty it was annexed to the Moghal
Empire. During the formation of Hyderabad State by Asaf Jahi, this district was
detached and included in the Nizam’s dominions. It finally became a part of
Andhra Pradesh with effect from 1st November, 1956 after Re-organization of
states.
The early History of Medak district is not very clear. Its political history,
however, commences with the advent of the Mourya’s who extended their sway
to the south during the reign of Ashoka. After the Mouryas, the Sathavahanas
gained prominence over the Deccan of which, Medak District formed part.
Several coins of the Sathavahana rulers like Goutamiputhra Satakarni,
Vaistiputra Pulumavi, Yagna Sri Satakarni, etc., were unearthed during
excavations at Kondapur Village of the district. These archaeological
3 Medak district Gazetteer, Government of Andhra Pradesh, Medak district, 2011.
154
discoveries indicate the existence of a buried city of vast dimensions with a
number of Chaityas,Viharas, Stupas and Monasteries.
After the Satavahanas, the district passed under the sway of the Mahisha
dynasty. Though as many as eighteen rulers ruled this district for a period of
383 years, only two rulers Mana and Yasa proved to be powerful. Mana broke
the domination of the Satavahanas, assumed the title of “Rajan” and regained the
Kingdom to its splendor. He enjoyed the privilege of striking his own coins.
One of his lead coins exhibited the characteristics of the coins belonging to the
close of second or beginning of the third century. The rule of this dynasty came
to an end with the rise of the Chalukyas of Badami, who later on lost to the
Rashtrakutas. After the Rashtrakutas, Medak District passed in to the hands of
western Chalukyas of Kalyani dynasty, whose rule lasted from 973 to 1200
A.D. Famous rulers like Ahavamalla Taila II, Someshwara I & II, Vikramaditya
VI and Trailokyamalla Taila III belonged to this dynasty. The inscription of
Koraprolu pertaining to the rule of Taila II, throws light on his feudatory
Mahmandaleshwara Soma premedi also rule in this district.
The inscriptions at Kohir, Chinthalagat, Alladurgam and Patancheru
belonging to Someshwara and Vikramaditya VI register gifts to Jainalayas by
their subordinates. The next dynasty which held over this district was the
Kakatiya dynasty which included well known rulers like prola II, Ganapathi,
Rudramamba and Prathaparudra.
155
During the regime of Mohammad I, the son of Ala-udd-in Bahman shah,
the Recherla Chief Anapota Nayaka of Rachakonda defeated and killed Kapaya
Nayaka and captured Warangal which included a major portion of Medak
district. On account of the cordial relations between the Bahamanis and the
Recherlas, Mohammad-I did not invade Warangal. Feroz Shah ascended the
Bahamani throne and attempted to extend his sway to the east coast at the
expense of the Recherlas. This provoked the Recherlas and a war broke out
between Feroz Shah and Anapota II. Anapota II attacked the Bahamani
Possessions in Telangana and acquired Medak. But the Recherlas were
ultimately over-thrown and their territory was annexed to the Bahamani
Kingdom. Medak continued to be under the Bahamani’s till the breakup of their
Kingdom into five states namely Bijapur, Ahmadnagar, Berar, Bidar and
Golconda. After the fall of Bahamani Dynasty the Barid Shahi Dynasty came
into power.
Amir Barid, who assumed sole charge of the affairs of the Bahamani
Kingdom, after the fall of Bahamani dynasty, had many vicissitudes and
constant wars with the rulers of Bijapur and Berar. After his death in 1538, he
was succeeded by his son Ali Barid who was the first to assume the title of
“Shah”. Ali Barid, with the support of other Deccan Kings attacked the king of
Vijayanagar in the famous battle of Tallikota, in which, the Vijayanagar ruler
was defeated. Ali Barid died in 1582. Prola – II with his military skill, made the
feudal state he inherited into a sovereign state which emerged into a Powerful
2
156
empire, embracing the whole of the Telugu speaking territory. During the reign
of Prathaparudra, the army led by Malik Kafur under the command of Ala-ud-
din Khilji, while on its way to Warangal captured this District. These invasions,
however, ended with the overthrow of Prathaparudra and the annexation of his
kingdom to the Delhi Sulthanate.
After the fall of the Kakatiya empire, Mohammad - Bin-Tuglaq, the
Sulthan of Delhi, divided the Deccan and South India into five provinces and
appointed Governors to administer them, Shihab-Sulthani entitled Nuzrat Khan
was thus appointed Governor of Telangana which included Medak district.
Rebellion cropped up everywhere following imposition of tribute which gave
rise to the Bahamani dynasty. Many such revolts joined Tuglaq’s rule. These
revolts led to the establishment of independent principalities by the Musunri
Chiefs of Warangal and Recharlas of Rachakonda (Nalgonda District).
An important event relevant to this district was the rebellion of Quir-
Khan, a subordinate of Ala-Ud-din Bahman Shah. The Sulthan dispatched a vast
army to curtail this revolt. Quir-Khan who was then at Kohir of this district was
confident of Victory. However, his army was routed by the royal forces under
Sikander Khan. Quir Khan was arrested and later executed and he was
succeeded by three other Kings after which, Qutub Shahi dynasty came into
power. Sulthan Qulil, a Turk of noble family, who was the Governor of the
Golkonda province under the Bahamanis took advantage of the distracted state
of the kingdom under Mohammad Shah of Barid Shahi dynasty and declared his
157
independence by establishing the Qutub Shahi dynasty, which reigned from
1512 to 1687 A.D. Thereafter this kingdom was annexed to the Mughal empire
by Aurangazeb.
During Aurangazeb’s regime, the Marathas became very active, which
proved to be a threat to Aurangazeb. He, therefore, sent his troops to establish
his supremacy over Medak. Later the Marathas organized a rebellion to
overthrow Nizam-ur-Mulk, the Viceroy of the Deccan Nizam-Ul-Mulk sent his
bodyguard under the command his elder son Ghaziuddin Khan with Mohammad
Ghiayas Khan and Mirza Beig Khan Bakshi as his guardians. This shook the
Marathas who fled and hid themselves in the dense forests of the tract. This
Victory was celebrated by Nizam-Ul-Mulk in a grand manner.
In 1715 A.D. Hussain Ali Khan, as the Viceroy of Deccan, replaced
Nizam-Ul-Mulk. Nizam-ul-mulk who was unceremoniously removed, however,
nurtured the desire of reoccupying the Deccan. Therefore in 1720, He proceeded
against the Deccan and in a fierce battle that ensued near Balapur in Berar, Alam
Ali Khan, the Deputy of Hussain Ali Khan was killed. This victory established
the supremacy of Nizam-Ul-Mulk in the whole of the Deccan. Again in 1724
A.D., Nizam-Ul-Mulk had to fight a battle at Shakar Khere against Mubariz
Khan. This battle established the independence of Nizam-Ul-Mulk (Asaf Jahi)
who annexed Berar and settled down at Hyderabad and established his
dominions. Medak district alongwith the rest of Telangana came under the
3333
158
control of Asaf Jahi dynasty. After Nizam-ul-mulk, Nasirjung, Muzaffer Jung
and Salabhat Jung ruled for short period.
Ali Jah rose in revolt against his father Nizam Ali Khan, the second Asaf
Jahi, with the help of Sadasivareddy the Medak Jagirdar. Nizam Ali Khan
despatched Raymond, a French commander to proceed against the rebels and
subdue them. The Nizam’s army came and pitched their tents at the village of
Chickurin and Sadasivareddy also went to that place at the head of an army not
to fight but to offer his submission. He was, however, suspected and captured
while attending the durbar. In the meanwhile, Ali Jah died and Medak was
granted to Raymond. Though there was a protest by the British against this
grant, no attention was paid to this protest and Raymond took possession of
Medak and other areas held by Sadashiva Reddy and he had to pay sixteen lakhs
of rupees annually as rent for these areas. This arrangement continued till the
death of Raymond in 1798.
Nizam Ali Khan died in 1803. He was succeeded by Sikhander Jah,
Nasirud-Dowla, Afzal-ud-Doula and Mir Mehboob Ali Khan (7th
Asaf Jah)
during whose time India got independence. The Nizam’s dominions became a
part of Indian Union in 1948 as part ‘B’ state and in 1956 during the re-
organisation of States, the Hyderabad state was trifurcated the nine.
Predominantly Telugu speaking districts of Mahaboobnagar, Hyderabad, Medak,
Nizamabad, Adilabad, Karimnagar, Warangal, Khammam and Nalgonda known
as Telangana Region were transferred to Andhra Pradesh. Major portions of
159
predominantly Kanada Speaking districts of Raichur, Gulbarga and Bidar were
transferred to Karnataka State, while Maratwada comprising the five districts of
Aurangabad, Osmanabad, Bheed, Parbhani, Nanded and a portion of Bidar
which is predominantly Marathi speaking was transferred to Maharashtra State.
These changes were effected on 1st November 1956.
4.5 Political Profile of Medak
Medak is situated at a distance of 96 Kms. from Hyderabad. The
important places of interest in the town are the Hill Fort and the Medak Church.
The fort is said to have been originally constructed by the Kakathiya Kings. The
existing fort belonging to the Quthub-Shahi Kings stands 90 meters above the
surroundings plains. It is one of the important hill forts in Deccan and contains a
brass gun 10 feet long. The Mubarak Mahal in the fort has one of its gateways,
the carvings of a double headed eagle holding elephant in its teeth and talons.
The Medak Church is said to be one of the three big churches in south India.
This Church was completed in 1924. There are very large windows on either
side of the hall and windows at the entrance are provided with piece of colored
glass fitted in metal frames. The colored glass pieces are beautifully arranged to
depict scenes from the Bible and the fructification of Jesus Christ. The
Cathedral is 61 meters high and can accommodate 5,000 people. The tower over
the entrance is 53 meters high. To the South-East of Medak town there is place
known as “Yedupayala” where seven tributaries of the Manjeera join and flow in
160
unison. Yedupayala Jathara held on Maha Shivarathri day attracts nearly one
Lakh pilgrims.
4.6 Physical profile
Medak district lies between 17’27’ and 18’19’ of Northern latitude and
77’28’ and 79’10’ of Eastern longitude. The district occupies an area of 9,699
sq.kms and has a population of 26.70 lakhs according to 2001 Census. Medak
district is bounded on the north by Nizamabad and Karimnagar districts, on the
east by Warangal and Nalgonda district, on the south by Rangareddy district and
on the west by Bidar District of Karnakata State.
The district forms part of the table land of the Deccan and is crossed by
different ranges of hills like that of the Medak hill. The rock formation is of the
oldest type (archaic genesis = Very old granite – like type of rocks with minerals
arranged in layers) and consists principally of peninsular granite complex ie.,
pink and gray granites and their metamorphic variations, isolated peaks and
rocky clusters lie scattered all over the district.
4.7 Climate
The district generally experiences a dry climate. The year may be divided
into four seasons. The period from March to May is the summer season. The
hottest month in this season is May. This is followed by the south-west
monsoon season from June to September. October and November constitute the
post monsoon period. The winter season starts from December and lasts till
February.
161
The average annual rainfall in the district is 868.3 mm. The rainfall during the
monsoon season i.e from June to September amounts to about 45 per cent of the annual
rainfall. The rainiest month is July. There is some rainfall, in the form of
thundershowers during the latter part of summer and post monsoon season.
The soils of the district are mainly red earths comprising loamy sands, sandy
loams and sandy clay loams. Red laterite soil is predominant in Zahirabad taluk.
Regar or black cotton soils comprising of clay loams, clay and silty clay are found in
erstwhile Sangareddy, Andole, Narayankhed and Narsapur taluks.
The district is not watered by any big river. The only river of some
consequence, is the Manjeera, which is a tributary of the Godavari. This river rises in
Bidar district and enters Medak district in the south-eastern direction. It flows for
about 96 Kms. in the western and north-western taluks of Narayankhed, Zahirabad,
Sangareddy, Narsapur and Medak in this district. The other important streams are the
Haldi or Pasupuyeru and the Kudlair. Pasupuyeru is a tributary of the Manjeera and
enters the district from the north and flows through Medak town. Kudlair is in Siddipet
taluk.
At present one gate was opened due to increase in water level. The
Singoor dam is constructed across the river Manjeera with main objective of
providing drinking water to Hyderabad and Secunderabad. The Dam is situated
to the North-West of Hyderabad at about 60 km (20 km from Sangareddy the
headquarters of Medak district in Telangana). The Dam offers a very good
scenario silent atmosphere to the tourists.
In the past, the forests in the district were active with wild life. But, during the
past twenty years wild life in this district has been considerably reduced. The Tiger is
162
almost extinct. The Wolf, Jackal and the Fox can be found on the outskirts of the
district. The wild Bear, Black Buck, the Sloth Bear and the beautiful four horned
antelope are the other types of animals found in the district. In the interior jungles the
sambar and spotted deer are occasionally met with, among the avifauna, partridge,
pigeon, the great Indian bustard, peafowl, green pigeon, green jungle fowl and a variety
of ducks and cranes are common.
Table-4.1
Medak district at a Glance
Sl.
No Item Unit Particulars
1 Geographical area as per 2011 census Sq.Kms 9699
2 Revenue Divisions No. 3
3 Revenue Mandals No 46
4 Mandal Parishads No. 46
5 Municipalities No. 7
6 Towns No. 11
7 Revenue Villages No. 1267
8 Grama Panchayats No. 1059
9 Panchayats Notified No. 42
10 Panchayats Non-notified No. 1019
11 No. of House Holds In Lakhs
12 Population as per 2011 census – Total In Lakhs 30.33
Rural In Lakhs 23.06
Urban In Lakhs 7.27
Males as per 2011 census In Lakhs 15.23
Females as per 2011 census In Lakhs 15.10
13 Density of population 2011 Census per Sq.KM 313
14 S.C. Population 2011 Census In Lakhs 5.37
% of S.C. to total Population 2011 Census Percentage 16.31
15 S.T. Population 2011 Census In lakhs 1.68
% of S.T. to total Population 2011 Census Percentage 5.24
16 Literates : Total 2011 Census In Lakhs 16.37
a) Males 2011 Census In Lakhs 9.43
b) Females 2011 Census In Lakhs 6.83
17 Literacy rate: Total 2011 Census Percentage 61.42
a) Males 2011 Census Percentage 71.43
b) Females 2011 Census Percentage 5.137
18 Slum Population in urban area 2011 In Lakhs 1.53
a) Slum Households In Lakhs 0.32
b) Total Slums Number 109
Source: Population Census-2011.
163
According to table-4.1, Medak district spread over 9699 sq. kms. There
are three Revenue divisions in the district which are spread over into 46
mandals. As far as urban local bodies in the district are concerned, it is noticed
that 7 municipalities are functioning in the district. There are 1267 revenue
villages and 1059 Grama Panchayats functioning in the district. According to
2011 census the population of the district is recorded as 30.33 lakhs out of which
rural population is 23.06 lakhs and urban population is 7.27 lakhs. Scheduled
caste population in the district is recorded as 5.37 lakhs and Scheduled Tribe
population as 1.68 lakhs. Literacy rate in the district is 61.42 per cent. This, table
presents the salient features of Medak district.
Table-4.2
Medak District
Variation in Population- 1991 to 2011
Year persons Variation
(+) increase
( -) Decrease
Percentage Density of
Population
(per Sq.KM)
1901 556094 ---- 0.00 57
1911 806812 + 250718 45.00 83
1921 782258 (-)24554 (-)3.04 81
1931 913737 + 131479 16.81 94
1941 1002176 + 88439 9.68 103
1951 1109761 107585 11.20 115
1961 1227361 117600 10.59 127
1971 1467944 240583 19.10 151
1981 1807139 339195 23.11 186
1991 2269800 + 462661 25.60 234
2001 2670097 + 400297 17.64 275
2011 3033288 +363191 13.60 313
Source: Population Census-2011.
Table-4.2 presents the variation in population in Medak district from
1901 to 2001. Except during the decade 1911 to 1921 where population
164
decreased to the tune of 3.04 per cent, other decades recorded an increasing
trend. During the decade 1971 to 1981 a recorded population of 3,39,195 (23.11
percent) has been increased in the district. Simultaneously during the decade
1961 to 1971 also an increase of 2,40,583 in population (19.10 per cent) has
been recorded. During the decades 1981-1991 and 1991-2001 normal increase in
population has been recorded. The density of population in the district was 57
during 1901 which rose to 275 per sq.km during 2001. According to 2001 to
2011 Medak district population was decreased to 17.64 to 13.60 percent.
Table-4.3
Rural and Urban in Andhra Pradesh
Description Rural Urban
Population (%) 66.64 % 33.36 %
Total Population 56,361,702 28,219,075
Male Population 28,243,241 14,198,905
Female Population 28,118,461 14,020,170
Population Growth 1.73 % 35.61 %
Sex Ratio 996 987
Child Sex Ratio (0-6) 941 935
Child Population (0-6) 6,152,022 2,990,780
Child Percentage (0-6) 10.92 % 10.60 %
Source: Population Census-2011.
The above table-4.3 showing according to 2011 out of total population of
Andhra Pradesh, 33.36 percent people live in urban regions. The total figure of
population living in urban areas is 28,219,075 of which 14,198,905 are males
and while remaining 14,020,170 females. The urban population in the last 10
years has increased by 33.36 percent.
165
Sex ratio in urban regions of Andhra Pradesh was 987 females per 1000
males. For child (0-6 age) sex ratio the figure for urban region stood at 935 girls
per 1000 boys. The total child (0-6 age) living in urban areas of Andhra Pradesh
were 2,990,780. Of total population in urban region, 10.60 percent were children
(0-6 age).
Average Literacy rate in Andhra Pradesh for Urban regions was 80.09
percent in which males were 85.79 percent literate while female literacy stood at
73.31 percent. Total literates in urban region of Andhra Pradesh were
20,205,695.
Out of total population in Andhra Pradesh around 66.64 percent live in
the villages of rural areas. In actual numbers, males and females were
28.243,241 and 28,118,461 respectively. Tot population of rural areas of Andhra
Pradesh state was 56,361,702. The population growth rate recorded for this
decade 2001-2011 was 66.64 percent.
In rural regions of Andhra Pradesh state, female sex ration per 1000 males
was 996 while same for the child (0.6 age) 941 girls per 1000 boys. In Andhra
Pradesh, 6,152,022 children (0-6 age) live in rural areas. Child population forms
10.92 percent of total rural population.
In rural areas of Andhra Pradesh, literacy rate for males and female stood
at 69.38 percent and 51.29 percent. Average literacy rate in Andhra Pradesh for
rural areas was 60.45 percent. Total literates in rural areas were 30,351,065.
166
Table-4.4
Medak District
Population Statistics: Summary - 2001 to 2011
Sl.
No Particulars Unit 2001 2011
I Population - Total Lakhs 26.70 30.33
Males " 13.52 15.23
Females " 13.18 15.10
II a) Sex Ratio - Females per '000 males Nos 974 992
b) Density of Population per
Sq.Kms 274 313
III Population - Total lakhs 26.70 30.33
Urban " 3.83 7.27
Rural " 22.87 23.06
IV % of Urban Pop. to Total Population Ratio 14.36 15.36
% of Rural Pop. to Total Population % 85.64 84.64
V % of SC Pop. to Total Population % 17.58 16.31
Scheduled Caste Population Lakhs 4.69 5.37
Males Lakhs 2.36 2.66
Females Lakhs 2.33 2.71
VI % of Scheduled Tribe Pop to total
population % 5.04 5.24
Scheduled Tribe Population Lakhs 1.35 1.68
Males Lakhs 0.69 .86
Females Lakhs 0.66 .82
VII Literates - Total Lakhs 11.71 16.37
Males Lakhs 7.38 9.42
Females Lakhs 4.33 6.83
VIII Literacy Rates by Sex - Total Ratio 51.65 61.42
Males Ratio 64.33 71.43
Females Ratio 38.66 51.37
IX Slum population in Urban Area 2011 lakhs 0.63 1.53
Source: Population Census-2011.
167
Above table shows the variation in population statistics in various aspects
in Medak district in 2001 and 2011. The population of the district which was
26.70 laks in 2001 increased to 30.330 lakhs in 2011. Sex ratio in the district
which was 974 females per 1000 males in 2001 increased to 992 females per
1000 males in 2011. But the density of population remained unchanged. Urban
population in the district was 3.83 lakhs in the year 2002 and increased to 7.27
lakhs in the year 2011. Similarly the rural population in the district was 22.87
lakhs in the year 2001 and increased to 23.06 lakhs in the year 2011. Scheduled
Caste population was 4.69 lakhs in the year 2001 and the same was increased to
5.37 lakhs in the year 2011, recording 5.04 percent to 5.24 percent to total
population. On the other hand Scheduled Tribe population was 1.35 lakhs in the
year 2001 and the same has increased to 1.68 lakhs in the year 2011. A
remarkable increase in the rate of literacy has been noticed in the district. The
rate of literacy which was 51.65 per cent in the year 2001 has been raised to
61.42 per cent in the year 2011. Thus, above table describes the statistical
variation from 2001 to 2011 in Medak district.
168
Ta
ble
-4.5
M
eda
k D
istr
ict
Ma
nd
al
Wis
e S
ch
ed
ule
d C
ast
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& S
ched
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d T
rib
es a
nd
Oth
er S
ex W
ise P
op
ula
tio
n 2
011
Cen
sus
ST
AT
EM
EN
T S
HO
WIN
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MA
ND
AL
-WIS
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UR
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PU
LA
TIO
N A
S P
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201
1 C
EN
SU
S -
ME
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K D
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RIC
T
PO
PU
LA
TIO
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S
C
oth
ers
To
tal
Po
pu
lati
on
Sl.
No.
Nam
e of
the
Man
dal
Ma
le
Fem
ale
T
ota
l
Ma
le
Fem
ale
T
ota
l
Ma
le
Fem
ale
T
ota
l
Ma
le
Fem
ale
T
ota
l
S
an
ga R
ed
dy
Rev
en
ue D
ivis
ion
1
San
gar
edd
y
3205
2
832
60
37
797
8
76
92
156
70
3163
4
298
61
614
95
428
17
40
385
8
3202
2
Pat
anch
eru
1
048
960
20
08
826
6
82
52
165
18
4844
9
459
61
944
10
577
63
55
173
11
2936
3
Ram
ach
andra
pura
m
633
583
12
16
242
0
23
60
47
80
1329
7
122
49
255
46
163
50
15
192
3
1542
4
Ko
ndap
ur
1948
1
836
37
84
521
5
51
99
104
14
1451
8
142
69
287
87
216
81
21
304
4
2985
5
Sad
asiv
pet
463
412
8
75
606
9
62
01
122
70
1920
7
190
35
382
42
257
39
25
648
5
1387
6
Man
oor
4478
4
120
85
98
624
6
61
09
123
55
1966
3
188
85
385
48
303
87
29
114
5
9501
7
Nar
ayan
kh
ed
7284
6
837
141
21
603
3
59
17
119
50
2825
8
277
98
560
56
415
75
40
552
8
2127
8
Kan
gti
3
896
3
632
75
28
519
8
49
32
101
30
1772
4
171
91
349
15
268
18
25
755
5
2573
9
Kal
her
4
328
4
170
84
98
437
7
38
40
82
17
1731
9
174
52
347
71
260
24
25
462
5
1486
10
K
oh
ir
1261
1
170
24
31
889
2
91
94
180
86
2030
9
198
12
401
21
304
62
30
176
6
0638
11
R
aikod
e 161
120
2
81
458
2
43
60
89
42
1612
8
153
81
315
09
208
71
19
861
4
0732
12
N
yal
kal
366
330
6
96
759
5
74
99
150
94
2088
7
204
33
413
20
288
48
28
262
5
7110
13
Z
ahir
abad
7
067
6
768
138
35
1083
3
110
79
219
12
4228
6
408
86
831
72
601
86
58
733
11
8919
14
Jh
aras
angam
612
526
11
38
651
8
64
28
129
46
1560
1
148
98
304
99
227
31
21
852
4
4583
15
M
un
ipal
ly
216
185
4
01
481
2
46
91
95
03
1563
3
154
28
310
61
206
61
20
304
4
0965
S
ub-T
ota
l 36
966
34
481
714
47
9503
4
937
53
1887
87
34
091
3
3295
39
6704
52
4729
13
457
773
93
0686
M
ed
ak
Reven
ue D
ivis
ion
16
M
edak
3
933
4
301
82
34
535
1
59
05
112
56
2511
4
263
18
514
32
343
98
36
524
7
0922
17
R
amay
ampet
2
491
2
343
48
34
627
8
67
21
129
99
2519
3
258
20
510
13
339
62
34
884
6
8846
18
P
apan
nap
et
2327
2
280
46
07
448
6
49
30
94
16
2095
4
221
72
431
26
277
67
29
382
5
7149
19
S
han
kar
amp
et (
R)
2821
2
701
55
22
396
8
42
34
82
02
1530
9
159
61
312
70
220
98
22
896
4
4994
20
C
heg
un
ta
2144
2
083
42
27
314
0
33
10
64
50
1280
8
131
13
229
21
180
92
18
506
3
6598
21
K
ulc
har
am
1342
1
377
27
19
297
1
31
53
61
24
1319
6
138
71
270
67
175
09
18
401
3
5910
169
22
K
ow
dip
ally
5
550
5
522
110
72
396
4
42
25
81
89
1792
8
183
29
362
57
274
42
28
076
5
5518
23
Y
eldu
rth
y
1253
1
183
24
36
402
1
42
45
82
66
1556
8
160
39
316
07
208
42
21
467
4
2309
24
S
hiv
amp
et
2981
2
982
59
63
343
2
36
52
70
84
1609
2
159
93
320
85
225
05
22
627
4
5132
25
N
arsa
pur
4567
3
715
82
82
385
4
39
31
77
85
1887
6
188
31
377
07
272
97
26
477
5
3774
26
H
athnoo
ra
1370
1
395
27
65
602
1
53
58
113
79
2035
2
214
39
417
91
277
43
28
192
5
5935
27
A
ndo
le
220
192
4
12
484
2
48
78
97
20
1467
7
147
76
294
53
197
39
19
846
3
9585
28
T
ekm
al
2970
2
969
59
39
362
4
39
08
75
32
1204
5
123
63
244
08
186
39
19
240
3
7879
29
A
llad
urg
1
349
1
342
26
91
529
8
55
14
108
12
1709
8
170
77
341
75
237
45
23
933
4
7678
30
R
egode
1377
1
305
26
82
426
5
42
09
84
74
1272
0
122
91
250
11
183
62
17
805
3
6167
31
P
ulk
al
2009
1
937
39
46
592
4
59
74
118
98
1780
4
177
38
355
42
257
37
25
649
5
1386
32
S
han
kar
amp
et (
A)
1046
1
052
20
98
301
1
31
67
61
78
1636
7
165
10
328
77
204
24
20
729
4
1153
33
Ji
nn
aram
1
562
967
25
29
606
2
57
76
118
38
4386
8
390
44
829
12
514
92
45
787
9
7279
S
ub-T
ota
l 41
312
39
646
809
58
8051
2
830
90
1636
02
33
596
9
3376
85
6706
54
4577
93
460
421
91
8214
S
idd
ipet
Rev
en
ue D
ivis
ion
34
S
idd
ipet
303
270
5
73
626
6
65
45
128
11
2388
2
242
90
481
72
304
51
31
105
6
1556
35
C
hin
nak
od
ur
242
231
4
73
544
1
55
24
109
65
2329
1
235
42
468
33
289
74
29
297
5
8271
36
N
angnoo
r 547
523
10
70
396
9
37
33
77
02
1647
9
165
43
330
22
209
95
20
799
4
1794
37
D
ubbak
501
525
10
26
456
1
51
01
96
62
1751
4
177
27
352
41
225
76
23
353
4
5929
38
T
ho
gu
ta
443
440
8
83
314
8
31
79
63
27
1341
4
138
64
272
78
170
05
17
483
3
4488
39
M
ird
odd
i 154
197
3
51
457
0
50
83
96
53
1591
3
160
85
319
98
206
37
21
365
4
2002
40
D
ou
ltab
ad
559
519
10
78
547
8
54
66
109
44
2074
6
210
56
418
02
267
83
27
041
5
3824
41
G
ajw
el
99
99
1
98
487
6
49
35
98
11
1468
5
148
23
295
08
196
61
19
856
3
9517
42
K
ondap
ak
111
104
2
15
508
8
51
70
102
58
1901
7
191
02
381
19
242
16
24
376
4
8592
43
Ja
gd
evp
ur
144
148
2
92
456
6
46
17
91
83
1855
6
190
62
376
18
232
66
23
827
4
7093
44
W
argal
532
537
10
69
382
4
38
28
76
52
1818
4
176
20
358
04
225
40
21
985
4
4525
45
M
ulu
gu
348
310
6
58
450
0
45
87
90
87
1732
0
170
11
343
31
221
68
21
908
4
4076
46
T
oo
pra
n
602
593
11
95
468
5
49
58
96
43
2504
6
246
96
497
42
303
33
30
247
6
0580
S
ub
-To
tal
4585
4
496
90
81
6097
2
627
26
1236
98
24
404
7
2454
21
4894
68
3096
05
312
642
62
2247
GR
AN
D T
OT
AL
:
82
863
78
623
1
614
86
23
651
8
2395
69
4760
87
92
092
9
9126
45
18
305
74
12
403
11
1230
836
247
1147
So
urc
e: P
op
ula
tio
n C
ensu
s 2
011
170
The above table-4.5 showing out of 24,71,477 population in the district,