CHAPTER 4 The English Colonies Section 1: The Virginia Colony Section 2:The Pilgrims’ Experience Section 3:The New England Colonies Section 4:The Southern.

CHAPTER 4

The English ColoniesSection 1: The

Virginia Colony

Section 2: The Pilgrims’ Experience

Section 3: The New England Colonies

Section 4: The Southern and Middle Colonies

SECTION 1

The Virginia Colony

Settlement in JamestownSettlement in Jamestown•1607 , 1607 , 16071607 , 1607 , 1607… … Remember this date !Remember this date !

•London Company of England London Company of England sent 3 ships to Virginia. Brought sent 3 ships to Virginia. Brought 105 males to Jamestown. 105 males to Jamestown. (named after King)(named after King)

•Colonists were poorly prepared Colonists were poorly prepared to start a settlement. Looked to start a settlement. Looked like Roanoke all over again.like Roanoke all over again.

•John Smith - saved Jamestown John Smith - saved Jamestown colonists with his “no work, no colonists with his “no work, no eat” ethic.eat” ethic.

•Winter come - starving time. Winter come - starving time. Only 1/3 of colonists survive.Only 1/3 of colonists survive.

Why was this fort so cleverly done?

SECTION 1

The Virginia ColonyJohn Smith – “No work, No Eat !”

SECTION 1The Powhatan Confederacy

•Helped the Jamestown Helped the Jamestown colonists survive by teaching colonists survive by teaching them what to grow, where to them what to grow, where to grow it, and how to grow it. grow it, and how to grow it.

•Later, the Powhatans got Later, the Powhatans got mad at settlers for demanding mad at settlers for demanding food from the Indians and the food from the Indians and the two sides were about to go to two sides were about to go to war until...war until...

•John Rolfe - Married John Rolfe - Married Pocohontas (princess of Pocohontas (princess of Powhatan) and thus learned Powhatan) and thus learned the ways of the Indians. They the ways of the Indians. They taught him how to make taught him how to make quality tobacco that smelled quality tobacco that smelled and tasted good. and tasted good.

•This saved Jamestown. This saved Jamestown.

SECTION 1Daily Life in Virginia

•Headright - if a colonist Headright - if a colonist paid their own way to the paid their own way to the new world, they were given new world, they were given 50 acres of land.50 acres of land.

•This was important, b/c as This was important, b/c as people came to the new people came to the new world, they tended not to world, they tended not to settle in towns, but rather settle in towns, but rather on land for farming. on land for farming. Map of Map of

Virginia Virginia in the in the 1600’s1600’s

SECTION 1Labor in Virginia

•Colonists faced a very Colonists faced a very difficult life. High difficult life. High death rates, labor death rates, labor shortages. shortages.

•To fill this need for To fill this need for labor, indentured labor, indentured servitude was created.servitude was created.

•Indentured servant - Indentured servant - colonists that signed a colonists that signed a contract for a period of contract for a period of 4-7 years of service in 4-7 years of service in return for passage to return for passage to the new world.the new world.

SECTION 1Bacon’s Rebellion

•In the mid-1600’s colonists grew In the mid-1600’s colonists grew angry with the conditions in the angry with the conditions in the colony. colony.

•B/c conditions were so bad for B/c conditions were so bad for many colonists, they began to many colonists, they began to move into areas owned by Indians. move into areas owned by Indians. When they did this, they were When they did this, they were ignoring treaties already signed ignoring treaties already signed with the Indians. This upset the with the Indians. This upset the Indians.Indians.

•The Indians began to attack to The Indians began to attack to take back their land.take back their land.

•Angry Colonists led by Nathaniel Angry Colonists led by Nathaniel Bacon went to retaliate. When the Bacon went to retaliate. When the governor tried to stop him, they governor tried to stop him, they revolted on the governor and revolted on the governor and burned Jamestown. burned Jamestown.

•This became known as Bacon’s This became known as Bacon’s Rebellion.Rebellion.

SECTION 1

The Virginia Colony

Question:How did the English plantation system begin?

SECTION 1

The Virginia Colony

The English Plantation System

Plantations (large farms) grew out of the headright system. Under this system colonists who paid their own way to Virginia received 50 acres of land. A colonist could earn 50 acres more for every additional person brought from England. Thus, many people were eager to come to America and begin a new life.

SECTION 2

The Pilgrims’ ExperiencePuritans & PilgrimsPuritans & Pilgrims•Religious tensions in England Religious tensions in England remained high after the Protestant remained high after the Protestant Reformation.Reformation.

•Puritans - a group that came from Puritans - a group that came from the reformation that wanted to the reformation that wanted to reform or purify the church of reform or purify the church of England. Believed that the bible England. Believed that the bible was the ultimate source of was the ultimate source of knowledge. knowledge.

•Some of the Puritans grew very Some of the Puritans grew very radical in their beliefs, they wanted radical in their beliefs, they wanted to separate from the church of to separate from the church of England, thus they were called England, thus they were called SEPARATISTS. SEPARATISTS.

•One group of Separatists were the One group of Separatists were the Pilgrims. They left England to get Pilgrims. They left England to get away from the King’s persecution. away from the King’s persecution. They moved to the Netherlands.They moved to the Netherlands.

SECTION 2The Founding of

Plymouth•Mayflower - September 16, 1620, Mayflower - September 16, 1620, Pilgrim ship that set out with 100 Pilgrim ship that set out with 100 men, women & children.men, women & children.

•William Bradford - Pilgrim leader, William Bradford - Pilgrim leader, eventual governor of Massachusettseventual governor of Massachusetts

•Mayflower Compact - Contract Mayflower Compact - Contract where colonists agreed to have fair where colonists agreed to have fair laws to protect the general good of laws to protect the general good of the people.the people.

•Plymouth Rock - Present day Plymouth Rock - Present day MassachusettsMassachusetts

•Pilgrims faced many problems here: Pilgrims faced many problems here: bad farming, bad fur trading, little bad farming, bad fur trading, little fishing. Did trade some with Indians.fishing. Did trade some with Indians.

•Women contributed to Pilgrim Women contributed to Pilgrim Society here.Society here.

SECTION 2Pilgrims & American

Indians•Squanto - interpreter for Pilgrims. Was very useful. Squanto - interpreter for Pilgrims. Was very useful. Lived in Europe and spoke English. Lived in Europe and spoke English.

•Brought sickness and disease to the Indians. Killed off Brought sickness and disease to the Indians. Killed off many Indian villages.many Indian villages.

•Had First Thanksgiving.Had First Thanksgiving.

SECTION 2

Early Forms of GovernmentEarly Forms of Government• The Virginia House of

Burgesses was established at Jamestown. It was an assembly of elected representatives from the Virginia colony created in 1619. It was the 1st form of representative government in the colonies.

• The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut was the first written constitution in the American Colonies. It was prepared by the Puritans who left Massachusetts and established Connecticut.

SECTION 2

The Pilgrims’ Experience

Question:What were the new rights that women discovered they held in Plymouth?

SECTION 2

The Pilgrims’ Experience

New Rights for Pilgrim Women

Pilgrim women could sign contracts.

They could bring cases before local courts.

Widows could own property.

Occasionally, women’s business talents

were recognized by the community.

Married and widowed women gained licenses to run inns & sell liquor.

SECTION 3

The New England ColoniesThe Massachusetts Bay The Massachusetts Bay ColonyColony•Dissenters - people who disagreed Dissenters - people who disagreed with official opinions.with official opinions.

•Around 1620 in England, people Around 1620 in England, people started becoming dissenters. started becoming dissenters. (Puritans)(Puritans)

•Left England in a mass exodus. Left England in a mass exodus. Called the Great Migration. Led by Called the Great Migration. Led by John Winthrop, the Kings right hand John Winthrop, the Kings right hand man.man.

•10’s of thousands of Puritans left 10’s of thousands of Puritans left England for a better life w/out England for a better life w/out persecution. persecution.

•Arrived in New England prepared to Arrived in New England prepared to do well. do well.

•Trade with Plymouth helped them Trade with Plymouth helped them survive.survive.

SECTION 3Church & State in

New England•Politics & Religion were closely Politics & Religion were closely linked in Puritan New England.linked in Puritan New England.

•Only male church members Only male church members could vote. could vote.

•Thomas HookerThomas Hooker - 1636, - 1636, minister that left Massachusetts minister that left Massachusetts & formed Connecticut b/c of & formed Connecticut b/c of religious differences. religious differences.

•Fundamental Order of Fundamental Order of ConnecticutConnecticut - set of principles - set of principles that made Connecticut’s that made Connecticut’s government more democratic. government more democratic. Established first democratic Established first democratic government in the US.government in the US.

SECTION 3Daily Life &

Customs•Lives were centered Lives were centered around religion, family around religion, family duties, public work. (The duties, public work. (The Puritan Way)Puritan Way)

•Sunday was a day of Sunday was a day of Worship.Worship.

•Came to New England in Came to New England in family groups. Thus, NE had family groups. Thus, NE had many families. many families.

•Subsistence farmersSubsistence farmers

•Education was important Education was important b/c of the bible.b/c of the bible.

SECTION 3Dissent in

Massachusetts•Roger WilliamsRoger Williams - minister, did not agree - minister, did not agree with the leadership. Didn’t like taking land with the leadership. Didn’t like taking land from Indians.from Indians.

•Left to form Rhode Island.Left to form Rhode Island.

•Anne HutchinsonAnne Hutchinson - pregnant w/19th kid - pregnant w/19th kid she stood trial for not following Puritan she stood trial for not following Puritan way. Should have won, but judge, jury, way. Should have won, but judge, jury, everyone was male. Kicked out of Mass. everyone was male. Kicked out of Mass. Sent to Rhode Island. Sent to Rhode Island.

Roger Williams

Anne Hutchinson

SECTION 3Salem Witch

Trials•A group of girls accused A group of girls accused people (1690’s)of casting people (1690’s)of casting spells on them. Those people spells on them. Those people were then treated as Witches. were then treated as Witches. They went on to be tortured They went on to be tortured and killed. and killed.

•During the trials, the girls During the trials, the girls often screamed out things often screamed out things (like they was nutz), or (like they was nutz), or fainted.fainted.

•19 people were put to death.19 people were put to death.

SECTION 3

The New England Colonies

Question:What factors illustrate the role that religion and the church played in the Massachusetts Bay Colony?

SECTION 3

The New England Colonies

Religion and the Church in the Massachusetts Bay Colony

Ministers and church members were often government leaders.

Puritans gathered weekly to listen to sermons that brought all members of the community together.

As a result of shared beliefs and the presence of family, the community was more stable than those in Virginia.

SECTION 4The Southern and Middle Colonies

Tolerant MarylandTolerant Maryland•Many Catholics came to Maryland Many Catholics came to Maryland for the same reason the Puritans did. for the same reason the Puritans did. Tolerance… Tolerance…

•Maryland was a proprietary colony.Maryland was a proprietary colony.

•Settlers in Maryland benefited from Settlers in Maryland benefited from lessons learned by Jamestown lessons learned by Jamestown settlers.settlers.

•Lord Baltimore - leader of Maryland. Lord Baltimore - leader of Maryland. - Passed Toleration act of 1649. This - Passed Toleration act of 1649. This act made the restricting of religious act made the restricting of religious rights of Christians a crime.rights of Christians a crime.

SECTION 4

The Carolinas

•In 1663 Charles II (The Merry Monarch) gave the land between In 1663 Charles II (The Merry Monarch) gave the land between Virginia and Spanish Florida to 8 of his friends. Virginia and Spanish Florida to 8 of his friends.

•They called the land Carolina (Feminine) in honor of his majesty.They called the land Carolina (Feminine) in honor of his majesty.

•In 1712, Carolina was split into 2 colonies. (N & S)In 1712, Carolina was split into 2 colonies. (N & S)

•Split b/c of the differences of the way each group of settlers lived. Split b/c of the differences of the way each group of settlers lived. (north were small farmers, while south were plantations)(north were small farmers, while south were plantations)

SECTION 4Diversity in New

York & New Jersey

•Dutch founded New Amsterdam. Peg-Leg Dutch founded New Amsterdam. Peg-Leg Peter ran the colony. Main way of life was fur Peter ran the colony. Main way of life was fur trading. An exporting things. trading. An exporting things.

•Charles II wanted New Amsterdam, b/c he Charles II wanted New Amsterdam, b/c he owned the land above it & below it. He sent his owned the land above it & below it. He sent his brother (Duke of York) to go and take it.brother (Duke of York) to go and take it.

•The Duke took about 15 boats full of men and The Duke took about 15 boats full of men and soldiers. The Dutch had about 500 soldiers. soldiers. The Dutch had about 500 soldiers. When the Dutch saw all of the English boats and When the Dutch saw all of the English boats and men, they ran away and gave up New men, they ran away and gave up New Amsterdam w/out a fight. This really annoyed Amsterdam w/out a fight. This really annoyed Peg-Leg Peter.Peg-Leg Peter.

•The new colony was name New York, after the The new colony was name New York, after the Duke of course. Duke of course.

•The Duke then gave some of the land to his The Duke then gave some of the land to his friends John Lord Berkley and Sir George friends John Lord Berkley and Sir George Cateret.Cateret.

SECTION 4The Pennsylvania

Experiment•Quakers - Society of Friends. Quakers - Society of Friends.

•Penn was a troublemaker in England. Penn was a troublemaker in England. The King sent him to new world to get The King sent him to new world to get him out of England. The Duke of York him out of England. The Duke of York owed his dad land, so he called in his owed his dad land, so he called in his debt. The Duke gave him a chunk of debt. The Duke gave him a chunk of land he called Pennsylvania(Penn’s land he called Pennsylvania(Penn’s woods).woods).

•Pennsylvania grew rapidly. Penn Pennsylvania grew rapidly. Penn tried to create a government that was tried to create a government that was fair to all.fair to all.

•Religious freedom was offered. Land Religious freedom was offered. Land was sold at a low price. The was sold at a low price. The government of Pennsylvania would government of Pennsylvania would care for their poor. Flyers were sent care for their poor. Flyers were sent all around Europe to encourage all around Europe to encourage immigration. Thus, Pennsylvania had immigration. Thus, Pennsylvania had quite the diverse population.quite the diverse population.

•Philadelphia was the Capitol. (City of Philadelphia was the Capitol. (City of Brotherly Love)Brotherly Love)

•Delaware remained part of Delaware remained part of Pennsylvania until 1776.Pennsylvania until 1776.

SECTION 4The Pennsylvania The Pennsylvania

Experiment Experiment ContinuedContinued

SECTION 4The Ideal of Georgia

•King founded Georgia in 1732 King founded Georgia in 1732 as a buffer zone against Spanish as a buffer zone against Spanish Florida.Florida.

•James Oglethorpe was given James Oglethorpe was given the charter to start this Colony. the charter to start this Colony.

•The King emptied the jails of The King emptied the jails of England and sent them to England and sent them to Georgia.Georgia.

•Strict laws were enforced in Strict laws were enforced in Georgia b/c of the type of people Georgia b/c of the type of people that came to Georgia.that came to Georgia.

JamesOglethorpe

SECTION 4Relationship Between Relationship Between

Britain & ColoniesBritain & Colonies

• Trade relationship based on English demand for agricultural products from America. Colonies followed rules of Mercantilism, colonies existed for the benefit of parent country. Colonies supplied Britain with Raw Materials, goods made by natural resources.

• To protect this trade system, Navigation Acts were passed in 1651. Required colonies to sell certain goods only to Britain.

• Tobacco, rice, indigo were in great demand in Europe. These items became very profitable.

SECTION 4The Southern and Middle Colonies

Question:How did development of the middle colonies occur?

SECTION 4The Southern and Middle Colonies

Founded byTypes of Colonists Major Events

New York

New Jersey

Pennsylvania

originally founded by Dutch and called New Netherland

proprietors Sir John Carteret and Lord John Berkeley from England

William Penn who sought religious freedom and just government

mainly fur traders and farmers

an Englishman, the Duke of York, challenged the Dutch to the claim of the colony and prevailed

Dutch, Swedes, Finns, and Scots

eventually divided into an eastern and western province until England united East and West NJ into a single colony in 1702

Quakers, Welsh, Irish Quakers, Germans (Pennsylvania Dutch)

colony grew rapidly because Penn advertised throughout Europe for colonists and offered religious freedom

Chapter Wrap-Up

CHAPTER 4

1. How did climate and geography affect the colonies’ development?

2. Why were indentured servants and enslaved Africans more important to the southern colonies’ economies than to New England’s?

3. Why did Catholics, Puritans, and Quakers immigrate to America, and what colonies did they establish?

1. How did climate and geography affect the colonies’ development?

2. Why were indentured servants and enslaved Africans more important to the southern colonies’ economies than to New England’s?

3. Why did Catholics, Puritans, and Quakers immigrate to America, and what colonies did they establish?

Check out summaries that follow !

The New England The New England ColoniesColonies

• New HampshireNew Hampshire--Founded in 1630 by John Founded in 1630 by John Mason for those Mason for those constricted by religious & constricted by religious & economic rules.economic rules.

• MassachusettsMassachusetts--Founded in 1630 by John Founded in 1630 by John Winthrop for religious Winthrop for religious freedom for Puritansfreedom for Puritans..

• ConnecticutConnecticut - - Founded Founded in 1636 by Thomas Hooker in 1636 by Thomas Hooker for religious and economic for religious and economic freedomfreedom

• Rhode IslandRhode Island - - Founded Founded in 1636 by Roger Williams in 1636 by Roger Williams for religious freedom.for religious freedom.

The Middle The Middle ColoniesColonies

• New YorkNew York - Founded in - Founded in 1626 by Peter Minuit for 1626 by Peter Minuit for trade and profits.trade and profits.

• New JerseyNew Jersey - Founded in - Founded in 1660 by Lord Berkeley for 1660 by Lord Berkeley for trade and profits.trade and profits.

• PennsylvaniaPennsylvania-Founded -Founded in 1682 by William Penn for in 1682 by William Penn for religious freedom for religious freedom for Quakers; trade and profits.Quakers; trade and profits.

• DelawareDelaware-- Founded in Founded in 1638 by Peter Minuit for 1638 by Peter Minuit for trade and profitstrade and profits

The Southern The Southern ColoniesColonies

• VirginiaVirginia--Founded in 1607 by Founded in 1607 by John Smith for trade and John Smith for trade and profits.profits.

• MarylandMaryland--Founded in 1634 Founded in 1634 by George Calvert for religious by George Calvert for religious freedom for Catholicsfreedom for Catholics..

• North CarolinaNorth Carolina--Founded in Founded in 1653 by a group of proprietors 1653 by a group of proprietors for trade and profits.for trade and profits.

• South CarolinaSouth Carolina--Founded in Founded in 1670 by a group of proprietors 1670 by a group of proprietors for trade and profitsfor trade and profits..

• GeorgiaGeorgia--Founded in 1733 by Founded in 1733 by George Oglethorpe as a debtor George Oglethorpe as a debtor colony.colony.