Chapter 4 Section 2: Issues Behind the Revolution.

Chapter 4Chapter 4

Section 2: Issues Section 2: Issues Behind the RevolutionBehind the Revolution

Changing British PolicyChanging British Policy

British traders showed interest in British traders showed interest in Great Lakes region and Ohio River Great Lakes region and Ohio River Valley.Valley.Native Americans were alarmedNative Americans were alarmed

The The Proclamation of Proclamation of 17631763

Britain ignored the Indian concernsBritain ignored the Indian concernsIn response, the Ottawa, Huron, In response, the Ottawa, Huron,

Potawatom, & other Great Lakes Potawatom, & other Great Lakes tribes rebelled against the British in tribes rebelled against the British in Pontiac's RebellionPontiac's RebellionNatives destroyed every British fort Natives destroyed every British fort in the area west of the in the area west of the Appalachians except Fort Pitt & Fort Appalachians except Fort Pitt & Fort DetroitDetroit

Order closed the region west of the Order closed the region west of the Appalachian Mountains to Appalachian Mountains to settlement by all colonists & placed settlement by all colonists & placed under control of the British militaryunder control of the British military

1764 & 1766 Britain signed peace 1764 & 1766 Britain signed peace treaties with the groups in treaties with the groups in Pontiac’s RebellionPontiac’s Rebellion

Colonists continued to move westColonists continued to move west

Britain’s Financial Britain’s Financial ProblemsProblems

Heavy taxes & debtsHeavy taxes & debtsPrime Minister George Prime Minister George

Greenville wanted the Greenville wanted the colonists to pay taxescolonists to pay taxes

The Sugar & Quartering The Sugar & Quartering ActAct

Sugar Act 1764Sugar Act 1764Cut the duty on foreign Cut the duty on foreign molasses in halfmolasses in halfLower tax would encourage Lower tax would encourage Americans to buy imported Americans to buy imported molasses & pay the tax rather molasses & pay the tax rather than smugglethan smuggle

To enforce this tax & others To enforce this tax & others Greenville issued many regulationsGreenville issued many regulationsShips could be seizedShips could be seizedSmuggling cases would be tried Smuggling cases would be tried in Britain by only a judgein Britain by only a judge

Quartering Act of 1765Quartering Act of 1765Required colonists to provide Required colonists to provide housing & supplies for the British housing & supplies for the British troops who remained in Americatroops who remained in America

The Stamp Act CrisisThe Stamp Act Crisis

March 1765March 1765Tax on newspapers, pamphlets, Tax on newspapers, pamphlets,

legal documents, & most other legal documents, & most other printed materialsprinted materials

Required that an official Required that an official government stamp be printed on government stamp be printed on or attached on themor attached on them

Thought the tax would raise Thought the tax would raise enough money to pay the cost of enough money to pay the cost of keeping British troops in Americakeeping British troops in America

First time the British government First time the British government taxed the colonists for the taxed the colonists for the purpose of raising moneypurpose of raising money

People in England paid the People in England paid the Stamp Tax since 1694Stamp Tax since 1694

The Stamp Act CongressThe Stamp Act Congress

Measure touched almost all Measure touched almost all Americans in every colonyAmericans in every colony

Affected printers, merchants, & Affected printers, merchants, & lawyerslawyers

Oct. 1765- delegates from 9 Oct. 1765- delegates from 9 colonies met in NYcolonies met in NY

Britain had no right to force Britain had no right to force laws on the colonies because laws on the colonies because they had no representation in they had no representation in ParliamentParliament

““NO TAXATION WITHOUT NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION”REPRESENTATION”

The Sons of LibertyThe Sons of LibertyBoycottBoycott British goods British goodsOne founder was Sam Adams of One founder was Sam Adams of

BostonBostonStarted threatening the tax Started threatening the tax

collectorscollectorsBy Nov. most tax collectors resignedBy Nov. most tax collectors resignedGreenville was forced from powerGreenville was forced from powerStamp Act was repealed in 1766Stamp Act was repealed in 1766

Rising Tensions in the Rising Tensions in the ColoniesColonies

Parliament passed the Parliament passed the Declaratory Act- It has the Declaratory Act- It has the authority to make laws authority to make laws that applied to the that applied to the colonists “in all cases”colonists “in all cases”

The Townshend Acts The Townshend Acts 17671767

Placed taxes on imported Placed taxes on imported goods such as glass & teagoods such as glass & tea

Hoped to raise money Hoped to raise money through dutiesthrough duties

Protests & violence began Protests & violence began againagain

Money was to be used to Money was to be used to pay royal governors pay royal governors salariessalariesThis would weaken This would weaken colonial legislaturescolonial legislatures

Boycotts began againBoycotts began again

The Boston MassacreThe Boston Massacre

Britain sent troops to put down Britain sent troops to put down the resistance (Boston)the resistance (Boston)

March 5, 1770- colonists March 5, 1770- colonists threatened Britishthreatened British

Soldiers opened first & killed 5 Soldiers opened first & killed 5 colonistscolonistsCrispus Attucks was the first to Crispus Attucks was the first to diedie

Next day a British officer & 8 Next day a British officer & 8 soldiers were charged with murdersoldiers were charged with murderDefended by John AdamsDefended by John Adams7 found not guilty & 2 guilty of 7 found not guilty & 2 guilty of lesser crimeslesser crimes

Parliament canceled the Parliament canceled the Townshend Acts only kept tax on Townshend Acts only kept tax on teateaBoycott doneBoycott done

1772- Committee of 1772- Committee of Correspondence was Correspondence was organized to coordinate organized to coordinate resistance in the coloniesresistance in the colonies

The Boston Tea PartyThe Boston Tea PartyMay 1773- Britain wanted to help May 1773- Britain wanted to help

the struggling British East India the struggling British East India Company so they passed the Tea Company so they passed the Tea ActActLaw gave the Company the right Law gave the Company the right to sell its tea in America without to sell its tea in America without paying the normal taxpaying the normal tax

Colonists were smuggling tea to Colonists were smuggling tea to avoid the taxavoid the tax

East India tea was cheaper East India tea was cheaper than the smuggled tea- than the smuggled tea- colonial tea merchants went colonial tea merchants went out of businessout of business

British tea agent in the British tea agent in the colonies were forced to resigncolonies were forced to resign

Nov. 1773- several Nov. 1773- several ports refused to let ports refused to let the ships dockthe ships dock

Dec. 16- colonists Dec. 16- colonists disguised as disguised as Indians boarded 3 Indians boarded 3 tea ships & tea ships & dumped every dumped every crate into Boston crate into Boston harborharbor

The Intolerable Acts The Intolerable Acts (Coercive)(Coercive)

To punish the port of BostonTo punish the port of BostonLimited town meetings to once a Limited town meetings to once a

yearyearSuspended Mass. General CourtSuspended Mass. General CourtAnother act extended Canada’s Another act extended Canada’s

boundary south to the Ohio Riverboundary south to the Ohio RiverStripped Mass., Conn., & VA of Stripped Mass., Conn., & VA of their claims to western landstheir claims to western lands

The First Continental The First Continental CongressCongress

Sept. 5, 1774Sept. 5, 177456 delegates met at Carpenter's 56 delegates met at Carpenter's

Hall in PhiladelphiaHall in PhiladelphiaAll colonies but GAAll colonies but GAAdopted a number of measuresAdopted a number of measures

Boycott of British goodsBoycott of British goodsAll colonies form militiasAll colonies form militias

Made an appeal to the king Made an appeal to the king outlining their grievances & outlining their grievances & asked for understandingasked for understanding

Nov 18- King George wrote “The Nov 18- King George wrote “The New England governments are New England governments are in a state of rebellion, blows in a state of rebellion, blows must decide”must decide”

Fighting at Lexington & Fighting at Lexington & ConcordConcord

A major stockpile of weapons A major stockpile of weapons was stored in Concordwas stored in Concord

April 18, 1775- a force of about April 18, 1775- a force of about 800 British troops moved out of 800 British troops moved out of Boston & marched to Concord to Boston & marched to Concord to seize these suppliesseize these supplies

Boston patriots learned of this & Boston patriots learned of this & sent Paul Revere , William sent Paul Revere , William Dawes, & Dr. Samuel Prescott to Dawes, & Dr. Samuel Prescott to alert the Patriot leadersalert the Patriot leaders

The main British force reached The main British force reached Lexington at dawnLexington at dawnEncountered 70 militia menEncountered 70 militia menBritish told them to throw down British told them to throw down their arms & no one would be their arms & no one would be harmedharmed

Colonists started to comply but Colonists started to comply but someone firedsomeone fired

British fired & killed 8 & wounded British fired & killed 8 & wounded 1010

British moved on to Concord British moved on to Concord destroying their supplies (most destroying their supplies (most were moved)were moved)

On their way back to Boston On their way back to Boston 4,000 Patriots were gathered 4,000 Patriots were gathered along the road shooting from along the road shooting from behind trees & stone wallsbehind trees & stone walls

70 British killed & 170 70 British killed & 170 woundedwounded