Chapter 4 LEADERSHIP

LEADERSHIP

NELSON MANDELLAWas an anti-apartheid revolutionary who went on to serve as the first black president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. Anoted human rights activist, Mandela led South Africa's fight against segregation and apartheid.In 1961, Mandela co-founded Umkhonto we Sizwe, a militant wing of the African National Congress, which opposed the South African government's system of racial segregation. He served 27 years in prison after he was convicted of sabotage and conspiracy to overthrow the government

. Although he was sentenced to life in prison, Mandela was released in 1990 after an international campaign successfully lobbied for his freedom.Over the course of his life, Mandela received more than 250 honors, including the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993. Mandela died at the age of 95 on Dec. 5, 2013.

MARTIN LUTHER KING JR.American activist and humanitarian who became the leader of the African-American Civil Rights Movement. Similar to Mahatma Gandhi, King became known for advancing civil rights through nonviolent civil disobedience.As a Baptist minister, King took part in the 1955 Montgomery Bus Protest, a political and social campaign against the racially segregated public transit system. King went on to help organize the 1963 March on Washington where he famously delivered his iconic "I Have a Dream" speech.

King was assassinated on April 4, 1968, in Memphis, Tenn. Before his death, in 1964, King received the Nobel Peace Prize . He was also awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal posthumously. In 1986, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day was named a federal holiday in the United States.

MOTHER THERESAMother Teresa cared for the poor, sick, orphaned and dying.The Missionaries of Charity gradually expanded beyond India, and in 2012, consisted of more than 4,500 sisters operating in 133 countries

The congregation runs hospices and homes for people with HIV, leprosy and tuberculosis; soup kitchens; children's and family counseling programs; orphanages and schools.

MAHATMA GANDHI

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi led the fight for Indian nationalism against British rule in the 1920s. His celebrated use of nonviolent protest inspired similar movements in support of rights and freedoms around the globe. "Mahatma," which translates to "venerable" in Sanskrit, was an honorific first bestowed on him in 1914 in South Africa, and is now widely used.

Gandhi was assassinated on Jan. 30, 1948, at the age of 78. His birthday, Oct. 2, is commemorated as a national holiday in India, and is celebrated worldwide as the International Day of Nonviolence.

ABRAHAM LINCOLN16th President of the United States, and led the country through the tumultuous American Civil War, which was fought from 1861 to 1865. The war, fought over the contentious issue of slavery, began after several Southern states moved to secede, and formed the Confederate States of America. Lincoln echoed the principles of human

equality from the Declaration of Independence, and declared that the Civil War, and the preservation of the Union, would bring true equality to all the country's citizens.Lincoln's efforts to abolish slavery culminated in the Emancipation Proclamation, which was issued on Jan. 1, 1863.

From the lives of these great leaders. WriteAt least 10 qualities of a leader.

Traits of a good leader

HONEST COMPETENT INSPIRING

COMMUNICATES FAIR COMMITED

COURAGEOUSSTRAIGHTFORWARD

DELEGATES

Write your ownQuote on

Types of leadership

TEAM LEADER

OPERATIONAL LEADER

STRATEGIC LEADER

1.Team Leader – the leader of a team of up to 20 people, with clearly specified tasks to achieve

2.  Operational Leader – The leader of one of the main parts of the organisation, with more than one team leader under his or her control.

3. Strategic Leader – The leader of a whole organisation, with a number of operational leaders reporting to him or her.

Activity:

• Give examples of the damaging effects of negativity in the workplace. As a group, discuss the dozen negative “types” listed below. Then have participants brainstorm ways that leaders can handle each type. The goal is to end up with a list of helpful leadership strategies for dealing with negativity.

1.   The Resisters--They rail against anything different2.       The Wobbly —They are constantly shifting moods and expect others to

adjust to them3.       The Gossipers--They spread rumors and tell inappropriate personal tid

bits 4.       The Blamers—They are constantly blaming others.5.       The Victims—They believe people are out to get them6.       The Adhesives--They can’t let go, even things that happened years ago7.       The Pessimists--They always expect the worst case scenario8.       The Boilers—They will blow over the slightest provocation9.       The Complainers—They feel everything is wrong or will soon go wrong10.    The Choosers—They are constantly pitting one group against another11.    The Detached-- They feel most everything is dumb or beneath them12.    The Self-Absorbed--They are constantly grabbing credit or attention