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Structure and Function of Cells Chapter 4 Honors and Lab Biology
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Chapter 4 Honors and Lab Biology. Quick Write : ◦ Why do we need to learn about cells?

Jan 03, 2016

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Page 1: Chapter 4 Honors and Lab Biology.  Quick Write : ◦ Why do we need to learn about cells?

Structure and Function of Cells

Chapter 4Honors and Lab Biology

Page 2: Chapter 4 Honors and Lab Biology.  Quick Write : ◦ Why do we need to learn about cells?

Quick Write:

◦Why do we need to learn about cells?

Anticipatory Set!

Page 3: Chapter 4 Honors and Lab Biology.  Quick Write : ◦ Why do we need to learn about cells?

Burn VictimHealing time is radically reduced and scarring almost eliminated by bioartificial skin!

Page 4: Chapter 4 Honors and Lab Biology.  Quick Write : ◦ Why do we need to learn about cells?

Cells that do NOT contain membrane bound organelles. (unicellulat)

Prokaryotic cell

Page 5: Chapter 4 Honors and Lab Biology.  Quick Write : ◦ Why do we need to learn about cells?

Eukaryotic CellCells that DO contain membrane bound organelles.

Page 6: Chapter 4 Honors and Lab Biology.  Quick Write : ◦ Why do we need to learn about cells?

Cells were discovered due to microscopes in the early 17th century

ROBERT HOOKE 1665 (english scientist) examined a slice of cork, he saw “little boxes” they reminded him of small rooms….cells! These were dead plant cells.

ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK 1632-1723 (dutch microscope maker) first to observe living cells

Discovery of Cells….

Page 7: Chapter 4 Honors and Lab Biology.  Quick Write : ◦ Why do we need to learn about cells?

Is the smallest unit of matter that can carry out all the processes of life.

Organelle: parts within a cell!

Cells

Page 8: Chapter 4 Honors and Lab Biology.  Quick Write : ◦ Why do we need to learn about cells?

1. All living things are composed of one or more cells

2. Cells are the basic unity of structure and function in an organism

3. Cells come from the reproduction of existing cells.

Cell Theory(150 yrs. Passed after Hooke & Van Leeuwenhoek

Page 9: Chapter 4 Honors and Lab Biology.  Quick Write : ◦ Why do we need to learn about cells?

Matthias Schleiden (1838) botanist, all plants are composed of cells

Theodor Schwann (1839) zoologist, all animals are composed of cells

Rudolf Virchow (1855) physician, cells come ONLY from other cells.

Three German Scientists early evidence for the cell theory…

Page 10: Chapter 4 Honors and Lab Biology.  Quick Write : ◦ Why do we need to learn about cells?

Not all cells are alike! They vary in…◦ A) size◦ B) shape◦ C) internal organization

SIZE: range from .2m – 0.2um (most are 10-50um)-not all are microscopic (most are) ex: giraffe’s nerve cells extend 6.5 ft. down it’s leg!!

Cells are limited in size by the ratio between their outer surface area and their volume

Cell Diversity

Page 11: Chapter 4 Honors and Lab Biology.  Quick Write : ◦ Why do we need to learn about cells?

Organelles: parts of a cell, have specific jobs

Tissues: groups of cells that have a similar function

Internal Organization

Page 12: Chapter 4 Honors and Lab Biology.  Quick Write : ◦ Why do we need to learn about cells?

TISSUES!!

!

Page 13: Chapter 4 Honors and Lab Biology.  Quick Write : ◦ Why do we need to learn about cells?

Skin Cells

Page 14: Chapter 4 Honors and Lab Biology.  Quick Write : ◦ Why do we need to learn about cells?

Death of Tissue

Page 15: Chapter 4 Honors and Lab Biology.  Quick Write : ◦ Why do we need to learn about cells?

Organ SystemsOrgan systems- a group of organs that work together to perform a set of related tasks. Digestive system includes: the stomach, esophagus, intestines and mouth.

Cells→Tissues→Organs→Organ Systems

Page 16: Chapter 4 Honors and Lab Biology.  Quick Write : ◦ Why do we need to learn about cells?

Human Circulatory System

Page 17: Chapter 4 Honors and Lab Biology.  Quick Write : ◦ Why do we need to learn about cells?

Cell Membrane – separates cell from external environment, gives shape and flexibility to cell, selectively permeable

Cell Organelles!

Page 18: Chapter 4 Honors and Lab Biology.  Quick Write : ◦ Why do we need to learn about cells?

Cytoplasm: ◦ gelatin like aqueous fluid called cytosol◦ Cytoplasmic streaming◦ Mostly water but also salts and organic

molecules

Continue…

Page 19: Chapter 4 Honors and Lab Biology.  Quick Write : ◦ Why do we need to learn about cells?

Mitochondia: power house of the cell! Where cellular respiration occurs, production of ATP, has it’s own DNA◦ Cristae: inner membrane creating many

folds to increase surface area

Continue…

Page 20: Chapter 4 Honors and Lab Biology.  Quick Write : ◦ Why do we need to learn about cells?

Ribosomes: where proteins are made,◦ Free Floating Ribosome: make proteins for

the cell◦ Ribosomes attached to ER: make proteins

to be exported from the cell

Continue…

Page 21: Chapter 4 Honors and Lab Biology.  Quick Write : ◦ Why do we need to learn about cells?

Endoplasmic Reticulum: (ER) acts as a highway for molecules to move around the cell.◦ Smooth ER: does NOT contain ribosomes◦ Rough ER: does contain ribosomes

Continue…

Page 22: Chapter 4 Honors and Lab Biology.  Quick Write : ◦ Why do we need to learn about cells?

Golgi Apparatus (bodies) processes, packages, and secretes

a) product is assembled (moves from ER to golgi, where it is put together and adjusted)

b) product is packaged (in new sacs) c) product is mailed out (sent out of cell)

Continue…

Page 23: Chapter 4 Honors and Lab Biology.  Quick Write : ◦ Why do we need to learn about cells?

Cilia: short hair like projections beat together to move an organism ex: humans trachea cilia move fluids and mucus! YUM

Continue….

Page 24: Chapter 4 Honors and Lab Biology.  Quick Write : ◦ Why do we need to learn about cells?

Flagella: long, whiplike projections, single or in pairs, rapid movement, ex: sperm

Continue…

Page 25: Chapter 4 Honors and Lab Biology.  Quick Write : ◦ Why do we need to learn about cells?

Nucleus: brains! Control center of cell, DNA & RNA are made here!◦ Nuclear envolope: double membrane will pores◦ Chromatin: fine strands of DNA & protein◦ Nucleolus: inside nucleus where ribosomes are

made

Continue….

Page 26: Chapter 4 Honors and Lab Biology.  Quick Write : ◦ Why do we need to learn about cells?

Lysosome: digestive enzymes, digest food, disease causing bacteria, old organelles, ex: lysosomes eat up tissue between fingers in embryos, usually only in animal cells

Continue…

Page 27: Chapter 4 Honors and Lab Biology.  Quick Write : ◦ Why do we need to learn about cells?

Cytoskeleton- helps shape & support cells◦ Microtubules: long slender protein tubes

form spindle fibers during mitosis◦ Microfilaments: fine protein threads

Continue…

Page 28: Chapter 4 Honors and Lab Biology.  Quick Write : ◦ Why do we need to learn about cells?

Centrioles: cell reproduction Centrosome: cell reproduction

Animal cell only!

Page 29: Chapter 4 Honors and Lab Biology.  Quick Write : ◦ Why do we need to learn about cells?

Animal Cell

Page 30: Chapter 4 Honors and Lab Biology.  Quick Write : ◦ Why do we need to learn about cells?

Cell Wall: rigid covering made of cellulose, protects cell, goes OUTSIDE cell membrane

Oranelles in Plant Cells ONLY

Page 31: Chapter 4 Honors and Lab Biology.  Quick Write : ◦ Why do we need to learn about cells?

Central Vacuole: huge structure which may take up 90% of the space in plant cell

Continue….

Page 32: Chapter 4 Honors and Lab Biology.  Quick Write : ◦ Why do we need to learn about cells?

Plastids◦ a) chloroplasts : site for photosynthesis ◦ b) chromoplasts: stores red and yellow

pigment◦ c) leucoplasts: non pigmented

Continue….

Page 33: Chapter 4 Honors and Lab Biology.  Quick Write : ◦ Why do we need to learn about cells?

PLANT CELL