Chapter 4 Data Base Summary: Protection and Support

Chapter 4

Data Base Summary:Protection and Support

Betina V. Dimaranan and Robert A.McDougall

This chapter provides a summary of the protection data in the GTAP 5 data base. Specifically, the

chapter provides summary tables on average import tariff rates, average export subsidy rates, and

on agricultural domestic support in the form of output subsidies, intermediate input subsidies, land-

based payments, and capital-based payments. The detailed description of the data sources and

procedures involved in the preparation of the protection data can be found in chapter 16.

4.1 Average Import Tariffs

The tariff data in the GTAP 5 data base combines merchandise tariffs from the World Integrated

Trade Solutions (WITS) system of the World Bank and UNCTAD and tariffs on food and agriculture

from the Agricultural Trade Policy Database of the USDA/ERS. The latter database is based largely

on the Agricultural Market Access Database (AMAD). The third source of tariff data is the regional

input-output tables. Tariff data extracted from the I-O tables are applied to empty cells or missing

data in the combined merchandise and agricultural tariff data set. Details about the preparation of

the protection data set, including the tariff data, is given in chapter 16.A.

Compared to GTAP 4, the GTAP 5 data base has benefitted from the more comprehensive

country coverage of the WITS system. The merchandise tariff data obtained from WITS generated

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bilateral MFN applied rates mostly for the year 1997. Further details about the WITS system and the

merchandise tariff data provided to GTAP are available in chapter 16.B.

In the case of agricultural tariffs, the Agricultural Trade Policy Database of the ERS, USDA

provided significant improvement over the agricultural tariff data used in the GTAP 4 data base

which were simply calculated from the market price support data in the PSE tables for OECD

countries. Non-bilateral tariff data in the form of applied rates for 1998 or for the closest available

year or MFN bound rates were obtained from the Agricultural Trade Policy Database.

Documentation about the data base is available in chapter 16.C.

Table 4.1 presents average import tariffs by commodity and importing region. Although

obtained at the tariff line level, the data contributors aggregate the tariff data and provide them at

the aggregated GTAP sectoral concordance. The table presents the import tariff rates for each GTAP

importing region, by commodity, averaged over all source regions. Trade between free trade areas

have been excluded in the calculation of these averages.

As shown in table 4.1, the GTAP 5 regional aggregation captures some of the very large

distortions in agricultural trade. Grains, in general, are most highly protected in regions like Japan,

Korea, Switzerland, and the Rest of EFTA. The European Union and EFTA member countries have

very high tariff rates (MFN bound) on unrefined sugar while processed sugar is most heavily

protected in Poland, Switzerland, and Japan. Meat products enjoy high protection rates in EFTA,

Turkey, the Rest of the Middle East, and Morocco. Tariff rates on dairy products are highest in

Japan, Canada, EFTA, Poland, and the Rest of the Middle East. Beverages and tobacco, a highly

heterogeneous commodity group, is very highly taxed in the Rest of North Africa, and also enjoys

high tariffs in India and Sri Lanka. Outside agriculture, food processing tends to be the most highly

protected among the manufacturing sectors.

On the non-food side, protection in the wearing apparel and textiles sector, tend to be higher

than that for the other manufacturing sectors. Across countries, the South Asian countries, Thailand,

Vietnam, and the some Southern African countries have relatively higher tariffs on these sectors. The

motor vehicles and parts sector is also relatively highly protected among the manufacturing sectors.

Some caveats regarding the tariff data are in order. Zero tariffs are imposed between regions

belonging to a free trade area for the commodities covered in the respective agreements. The FTAs

covered in the GTAP 5 data base are limited to ANZCERTA, NAFTA, EU, EU-EFTA and SACU

(see chapter 16.A). More recently concluded regional agreements have not been taken into account.

It should also be emphasized that the tariff data does not take into account the preferential tariff rates

extended by some importers to selected trading partners.

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4.2 Average Export Subsidies/Taxes

Data on agricultural export subsidies in the GTAP 5 data base are based on information from country

submissions to the World Trade Organization on export subsidy expenditures. This is a significant

departure from the data sourcing in GTAP 4 where agricultural export subsidies were computed from

the price gap between the market price and world price of each commodity, based on the values of

market price support in the OECD PSE database. Further details about the agricultural export

subsidy data is available in chapter 16.D.

The agricultural export subsidy data cover primary agriculture and processed food

commodities. Export subsidy/tax data are also extracted from the I-O tables and are applied to empty

cells or missing data in the contributed subsidy data set. Table 4.2 reports the average export subsidy

rates for food and agriculture as well as the average export tax equivalent rates of the quotas under

the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC).Trade between free trade areas have been excluded

in the calculation of these averages.

Export subsidies are prevalent and sizeable for cattle/sheep meat, other meat, dairy products,

and refined sugar. The agricultural export subsidy rates are generally highest in the European Union

and EFTA. The Rest of the Central European Associates (XCE), due largely to Slovakia, also

provides a large export subsidy on cattle/sheep meat.

The average export tax equivalent rates of the ATC quotas are highest in the South Asian

countries. Note that large average export subsidy rates for textiles and wearing apparel are reported

for Uruguay, Rest of South America, and Rest of the Middle East. Since the averages were

calculated from the comprehensive export-side measure, these large export subsidies are due to data

extracted from the I-O tables which more than offset the export tax equivalents of the ATC quotas

in these countries.

It should also be pointed out that a bug was introduced in the agricultural export subsidy data

set when all zeroes, whether actual zero export subsidy rates or missing data, in the contributed data

set were inadvertently replaced by export subsidy/tax information from the regional input-output

tables. This problem mostly affects Brazil, Uruguay, Australia, Hungary and Canada, since the I-O

tables of these countries report some agricultural export taxes/subsidies. Finally, it should also be

noted that the average export tax data reported for Japan reflects data from the Japanese I-O tables

which are erroneous.

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4.3 Domestic Support in Agriculture

The treatment of domestic support in agriculture has seen significant improvement since the GTAP

4 data base. In GTAP 4, all PSE components, excluding market price support, were included in the

calculation of domestic support and classified under output subsidies. In GTAP 5, all the PSE

components, excluding market price support, were sorted out into four domestic support categories,

namely: output subsidies, intermediate input subsidies, land-based payments and capital-based

payments. A standard formula for assigning the PSE components into the four support categories

was adapted for all countries. With this distinction, data for domestic support distortions other than

output subsidies are introduced for the first time in the GTAP data base.

The estimates of domestic support were based on 1998 PSE data for the OECD countries. In

addition, the domestic support data for wheat, cereal grains, oilseeds, and cattle/sheep in the

European Union was disaggregated among the member countries. The sources and procedures

involved in the calculation of domestic support are documented in chapter 16.E.

4.3.1 Output Subsidies

What are classified as output subsidies in the GTAP 5 data base are a considerably small component

of total payments in the PSE data. Thus the output subsidy rates reported in table 4.3 are relatively

smaller and far different from those in the GTAP 4 data base. Where available, output subsidy data

was also extracted from the input-output tables and applied to missing data, i.e. for the non-OECD

countries.

The output subsidy rates are especially significant in the Rest of EFTA, due to output subsidies

in Norway and Iceland. They are also quite significant for some agricultural commodities in the other

OECD countries including Japan, Canada, USA, the European Union, and Switzerland. Output of

wheat and cereal grains are subsidized in the OECD countries. Raw milk output is significantly

subsidized in Japan, Canada, Switzerland and the Rest of EFTA. Wool output in the Rest of EFTA

is subsidized at the rate of 225 percent!

Some of the output subsidies and output taxes extracted from the I-O tables for the non-OECD

countries are non-trivial. This is especially true for some countries in Southeast Asia, South Asia,

Latin America, and Southern Africa.

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4.3.2 Average Intermediate Input Subsidies

The rates of intermediate input subsidies reported in Table 4.4 are average rates for all intermediate

inputs, domestic and foreign, excluding energy inputs, used in the production of primary agricultural

commodities. The input subsidies are based on the value of payments on input use for variable inputs

and on-farm services in the PSE tables for OECD countries.

Average subsidy rates on intermediate inputs for wheat, cereal grain, and oilseeds production

are quite significant in the Rest of EFTA, Turkey and the European Union. The Rest of EFTA also

has large intermediate input subsidies for cattle/sheep, raw milk, and wool production. For the other

OECD countries, average input subsidy rates are also greater than 10 percent for grains in Japan,

oilseeds in Japan and Poland, and cattle/sheep in Turkey. Intermediate input subsidy rates for

primary agriculture are all lower than 10 percent in Australia, New Zealand, Korea, Canada, USA,

Mexico, and Hungary.

4.3.3 Factor-based Payments

Factor-based payments represent the gap between the payments made by firms for factors at agents’

prices and at market prices. Factor-based payments cover more than 50 percent of the all domestic

support payments from the PSE data for most commodities in countries like Hungary, Japan, Korea,

Mexico, Switzerland, USA , and the European Union.

Table 4.5 shows the rates of land-based payments. These are particularly large, mostly greater

than 85 percent, for wheat, cereal grains, and oilseeds in the European Union. In the other OECD

countries, land-based payment rates are also quite significant, more than 65 percent, for oilseeds in

Japan, wheat and wool in the USA, cereal grains in Switzerland, and wool in the Rest of EFTA.

The rates of capital-based payments are reported in table 4.6. These are large, ranging from

35 to 98 percent, for cattle/sheep, oilseeds, cereal grains, and wheat in the European Union. The rates

are also greater than 65 percent for cattle/sheep and animal products in Korea, wool in USA, animal

products in Switzerland, and raw milk in Hungary.

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Table 4.1 Average Import Tariff Rates, by Commodity and Importing Region (Percent)

AUS NZL CHN HKG JPN KOR TWN IDN MYS PHL SGPpdr 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 409.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 40.0 50.0 0.0wht 0.0 0.0 113.3 0.0 249.2 3.0 6.5 1.0 1.7 17.7 0.0gro 0.8 1.2 90.5 0.0 20.2 304.1 1.0 4.0 2.0 29.8 0.0v_f 2.0 2.5 23.9 0.0 44.9 132.1 35.7 16.7 18.8 19.1 9.8osd 1.5 0.0 110.3 0.0 76.4 151.8 1.8 7.1 3.6 11.4 0.0c_b 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 5.0 10.1 15.0 0.0pfb 0.7 0.0 3.1 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 3.3 1.3 3.0 0.0ocr 2.7 3.8 18.1 0.0 22.1 68.7 9.3 12.1 137.9 9.4 0.0ctl 0.8 0.0 2.2 0.0 149.1 31.0 2.0 6.2 4.4 13.5 0.0oap 0.5 0.9 11.1 0.0 5.0 9.9 0.3 5.8 16.1 17.6 0.0rmk 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.1 0.0wol 3.2 0.0 14.8 0.0 54.7 7.1 0.0 5.0 4.2 3.0 0.0for 0.3 0.0 2.6 0.0 0.2 2.0 0.4 1.1 0.1 0.5 0.0fsh 0.3 0.3 14.2 0.0 4.9 15.8 31.1 7.5 1.4 6.4 0.0col 0.0 0.0 4.7 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 4.8 0.0 8.7 0.0oil 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -2.4 5.0 7.2 2.4 2.4 0.2 0.0gas 0.0 0.0 5.4 0.0 0.0 1.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 0.0omn 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.2 4.1 0.2 2.7 0.0cmt 0.1 3.9 13.1 0.0 36.4 21.5 22.2 18.4 11.0 17.2 8.0omt 4.1 11.1 18.6 0.0 58.2 25.8 12.4 17.2 47.3 49.5 9.8vol 2.8 2.2 50.6 0.0 6.6 20.3 6.8 7.5 7.6 11.3 0.0mil 7.3 11.2 16.9 0.0 287.0 75.0 16.7 15.2 10.7 8.1 7.2pcr 1.0 0.0 106.6 0.0 409.0 5.0 2.6 0.0 35.8 50.0 0.0sgr 13.9 0.0 29.6 0.0 116.1 5.3 22.2 3.0 21.5 49.1 0.0ofd 5.6 12.5 17.6 0.0 38.3 51.4 16.9 16.4 12.8 16.9 9.4b_t 9.2 8.5 63.2 0.0 16.2 39.7 48.1 86.1 9.4 17.0 0.0tex 17.0 8.6 25.1 0.0 8.5 8.2 6.1 15.2 15.7 12.8 0.0wap 29.3 25.0 31.8 0.0 12.5 7.5 12.8 24.9 18.6 22.9 0.0lea 13.0 13.6 12.1 0.0 15.3 6.7 4.0 5.4 10.2 14.0 0.0lum 4.5 7.2 12.1 0.0 2.7 6.7 2.1 13.6 16.9 15.8 0.0ppp 3.1 6.9 11.7 0.0 0.5 4.1 3.6 5.1 7.4 9.1 0.0p_c 0.0 2.7 8.3 0.0 3.3 5.9 6.3 3.6 17.3 2.7 0.0crp 3.5 3.1 13.4 0.0 2.0 7.3 3.5 8.5 6.3 6.7 0.0nmm 4.7 5.6 18.1 0.0 1.2 7.6 6.9 7.1 8.5 10.4 0.0i_s 4.7 3.5 9.7 0.0 2.5 5.9 5.1 7.1 5.3 6.9 0.0nfm 1.4 5.3 7.8 0.0 0.4 3.9 1.7 3.7 4.0 4.8 0.0fmp 6.4 7.1 13.3 0.0 1.2 7.5 8.0 13.1 11.9 11.6 0.0mvh 9.2 12.3 34.4 0.0 0.0 8.2 23.9 41 40.1 17.1 0.0otn 0.9 1.6 6.6 0.0 0.0 1.4 2.2 4.4 4.1 5.4 0.0ele 1.6 2.6 11.9 0.0 0.0 8.0 2.9 8.1 0.8 3.1 0.0ome 4.3 5.4 13.5 0.0 0.3 7.8 4.9 3.9 5.1 5.5 0.0omf 3.7 7.0 20.8 0.0 1.9 7.2 4.3 18.8 6.8 14.3 0.0ely 0.0 0.0 -0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Contd

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Table 4.1 Average Import Tariff Rates, by Commodity and Importing Region (Percent)

(Continued)THA VNM BGD IND LKA XSA CAN USA MEX XCM COL

pdr 0.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.0 0.0 4.9 15.0 24.9 13.3wht 0.0 5.1 4.6 0.0 22.7 0.0 62.7 2.6 67.0 1.8 11.7gro 0.0 5.0 11.7 0.0 34.9 29.0 8.9 0.6 38.4 8.6 11.8v_f 58.0 29.7 9.8 26.0 33.6 36.1 1.9 4.7 17.9 16.8 14.1osd 38.5 8.6 10.5 40.0 34.9 26.6 0.0 17.7 3.1 4.6 10.5c_b 40.0 2.6 0.0 40.0 0.0 25.0 0.0 0.7 23.0 14.4 10.0pfb 9.0 0.8 1.3 16.7 7.6 23.3 0.0 9.7 6.0 4.8 10.0ocr 39.0 10.9 36.9 23.8 41.9 34.3 2.4 21.5 10.2 9.1 8.8ctl 13.2 4.0 0.0 28.7 33.0 33.0 0.2 1.1 8.8 6.5 7.9oap 17.0 3.9 16.3 14.5 28.0 40.1 19.8 0.6 10.8 13.5 8.0rmk 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 34.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.0 0.0wol 8.2 0.7 0.0 20.0 33.8 23.3 2.3 0.9 8.2 6.6 9.4for 1.6 3.3 2.4 2.2 16.8 18.0 0.7 0.8 9.0 5.9 5.6fsh 45.0 9.8 3.4 9.4 7.0 17.8 0.4 0.6 5.9 10.5 15.4col 1.0 1.1 0.8 3.0 39.5 23.7 0.0 0.0 5.5 6.9 4.8oil 0.0 4.6 0.3 24.7 35.0 24.6 0.0 0.4 0.0 4.4 1.7gas 0.0 4.6 0.0 0.0 66.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.9 0.0omn 6.9 3.5 2.6 5.6 19.7 16.5 0.0 0.4 8.3 4.2 5.4cmt 52.8 17.6 16.6 11.7 23.6 62.6 16.3 5.3 34.7 14.5 18.9omt 45.7 16.6 7.5 21.6 33.8 62.8 72.4 3.6 68.3 20.1 18.3vol 26.1 14.2 25.8 32.6 19.4 41.0 8.6 4.3 19.2 11.8 17.7mil 29.3 19.8 38.1 27.1 25.4 40.9 214.8 42.5 37.5 23.6 18.8pcr 0.0 10.7 12.3 0.0 34.9 25.0 0.7 5.3 15.0 36.4 20.0sgr 44.5 23.0 37.2 20.0 35.0 36.2 4.9 53.4 4.1 20.2 18.1ofd 40.3 22.6 31.3 33.8 16.7 43.3 14.1 11.4 17.9 15.4 17.9b_t 51.0 78.7 35.2 110.6 128.7 37.7 62.5 3.0 26.8 18.7 18.5tex 25.2 32.2 28.6 33.0 27.8 39.4 15.7 11.2 15.3 16.2 16.8wap 40.9 46.7 29.5 29.6 35.1 41.8 21.2 13.3 33.3 23.6 19.8lea 16.9 13.0 16.5 8.7 24.2 29.4 15.3 13.5 24.4 15.2 16.2lum 10.4 13.9 20.7 29.9 17.9 37.3 6.8 2.2 13.5 14.5 16.5ppp 13.9 20.5 20.7 11.9 19.5 51.9 1.9 1.0 6.3 8.3 10.8p_c 7.0 33.1 32.5 4.1 13.0 57.1 6.2 2.2 7.1 7.7 10.2crp 15.9 5.7 16.7 25.9 13.1 36.2 4.8 3.5 9.0 8.1 8.3nmm 17.9 18.4 25.7 37.4 20.9 53.5 5.7 6.1 14.5 11.5 14.2i_s 9.7 3.5 13.3 28.3 12.3 53.3 4.7 3.4 7.8 6.3 9.6nfm 7.9 1.5 14.5 36.1 11.1 28.2 0.5 1.7 9.3 5.9 7.1fmp 21.8 15.9 27.0 28.0 21.2 49.7 6.3 3.8 13.9 9.8 14.1mvh 48.2 37.8 18.9 35.0 36.9 84.5 6.1 2.4 13.5 14.3 25.7otn 5.6 35.9 18.4 5.9 13.3 31.6 1.4 1.8 13.1 12.4 6.2ele 8.8 9.7 12.3 22.0 13.8 33.8 1.2 1.2 9.7 8.2 6.5ome 10.4 6.7 11.6 22.2 14.3 33.8 3.3 2.7 9.5 8.0 9.4omf 9.2 21.4 33.7 11.5 19.3 31.3 3.8 1.7 16.2 13.6 16.8ely 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0

Contd

4-8

Table 4.1 Average Import Tariff Rates, by Commodity and Importing Region (Percent)

(Continued)PER VEN XAP ARG BRA CHL URY XSM AUT BEL DNK

pdr 21.7 13.3 11.7 10.4 12.0 1.1 10.4 15.2 64.9 64.9 64.9wht 15.9 11.0 8.0 6.5 6.5 11.0 6.5 5.0 61.4 61.4 61.4gro 12.1 11.7 11.4 6.6 6.6 11.0 6.6 4.9 38.6 38.6 38.6v_f 20.5 14.0 14.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.4 9.1 14.5 14.5 14.5osd 11.9 10.5 8.4 5.9 5.9 11.0 5.9 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.0c_b 0.0 10.0 10.0 11.0 11.0 17.2 11.0 8.0 251.4 251.4 251.4pfb 11.9 10.0 6.7 9.0 7.2 11.0 7.8 10.4 0.0 0.0 0.0ocr 12.3 9.2 7.9 9.3 9.4 11.0 8.9 7.0 3.1 3.1 3.1ctl 11.5 7.9 7.1 2.9 2.6 11.5 3.3 1.1 36.6 36.6 36.6oap 12.2 8.0 8.1 8.0 7.7 11.3 7.5 5.3 6.7 6.7 6.7rmk 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 252.3 77.7 0.5 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0wol 50.5 10.0 8.7 10.4 10.0 17.9 10.9 7.4 0.0 0.0 0.0for 15.7 7.0 13.2 3.4 4.5 11.9 4.3 4.1 0.2 1.0 1.1fsh 11.4 12.6 10.6 7.0 9.3 10.1 15.5 15.5 4.7 7.8 7.8col 11.7 5.2 6.1 0.0 0.0 11.0 10.1 9.0 0.0 0.0 0.0oil 11.7 10.0 0.0 0.0 5.4 11.1 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0gas 10.7 0.0 6.2 0.0 0.0 10.8 1.2 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0omn 12.0 5.9 6.2 2.3 1.9 11.0 2.9 5.5 0.0 0.0 0.0cmt 15.4 18.9 17.7 12.0 12.0 11.0 12.8 10.6 88.9 88.9 88.9omt 19.3 18.3 18.7 13.9 13.9 11.1 15.2 13.2 30.9 30.9 30.9vol 12.0 17.6 17.7 12.2 12.0 11.0 12.2 10.3 11.4 11.4 11.4mil 19.3 17.3 17.8 18.2 19.5 10.7 38.5 16.1 87.7 87.7 87.7pcr 19.8 20.0 20.0 13.8 15.0 11.0 13.9 17.6 87.4 87.4 87.4sgr 12.0 18.3 16.9 21.3 19.0 11.0 19.6 24.0 76.4 76.4 76.4ofd 16.7 17.8 17.7 15.9 16.0 11.2 16.1 12.7 28.8 28.8 28.8b_t 11.9 18.9 18.9 21.0 22.5 11.1 20.9 17.5 8.3 8.3 8.3tex 15.6 16.9 11.4 17.0 15.8 11.1 18.0 15.8 9.7 9.4 9.9wap 19.4 19.6 15.3 20.8 20.1 11.0 21.8 22.4 12.0 12.2 12.0lea 17.7 18.2 14.2 23.2 23.2 11.0 15.9 19.5 7.7 10.1 8.7lum 11.9 16.5 14.9 14.4 14.6 11.0 14.0 19.7 2.8 3.1 2.8ppp 12.0 7.0 8.3 12.8 8.7 10.8 13.2 11.7 3.7 2.0 3.2p_c 11.9 9.6 5.8 0.5 5.7 11.1 0.4 4.7 2.2 2.9 1.3crp 12.0 9.6 8.1 10.0 9.2 11.1 10.1 10.8 5.5 4.7 5.0nmm 11.9 13.5 11.4 11.5 10.8 11.1 13.9 13.6 5.5 5.1 5.2i_s 12.0 11.7 9.1 14.2 12.4 11.1 10.8 10.9 3.4 3.0 3.5nfm 12.0 8.4 6.6 8.2 7.9 11.1 8.4 10.0 3.5 1.5 4.7fmp 12.0 14.5 12.3 17.0 16.2 11.0 15.9 15.5 3.8 3.9 3.8mvh 12.0 27.0 20.7 21.7 38.6 11.1 15.3 13.5 7.5 7.8 8.5otn 12.0 6.7 11.6 9.2 5.5 8.1 18.3 16.3 3.1 3.0 2.6ele 12.0 8.0 10.6 10.4 13.8 11.0 6.8 8.0 4.9 4.4 4.4ome 12.3 10.4 7.7 15.0 15.0 11.0 9.3 10.4 3.1 3.1 3.1omf 12.1 17.6 16.4 19.9 18.3 11.0 18.5 16.8 3.7 1.3 4.1ely 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Contd

4-9

Table 4.1 Average Import Tariff Rates, by Commodity and Importing Region (Percent)

(Continued)FIN FRA DEU GBR GRC IRL ITA LUX NLD PRT ESP

pdr 64.9 64.9 64.9 64.9 64.9 64.9 64.9 64.9 64.9 64.9 64.9wht 61.4 61.4 61.4 61.4 61.4 61.4 61.4 61.4 61.4 61.4 61.4gro 38.6 38.6 38.6 38.6 38.6 38.6 38.6 38.6 38.6 38.6 38.6v_f 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5osd 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0c_b 251.4 251.4 251.4 251.4 251.4 251.4 251.4 251.4 251.4 251.4 251.4pfb 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0ocr 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1ctl 36.6 36.6 36.6 36.6 36.6 36.6 36.6 36.6 36.6 36.6 36.6oap 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7rmk 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0wol 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0for 0.0 0.4 1.8 1.3 0.1 0.6 0.6 0.9 3.8 0.2 0.4fsh 3.0 9.0 6.8 6.9 10.8 2.6 9.6 7.8 7.5 11.4 11.0col 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0oil 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0gas 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0omn 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0cmt 88.9 88.9 88.9 88.9 88.9 88.9 88.9 88.9 88.9 88.9 88.9omt 30.9 30.9 30.9 30.9 30.9 30.9 30.9 30.9 30.9 30.9 30.9vol 11.4 11.4 11.4 11.4 11.4 11.4 11.4 11.4 11.4 11.4 11.4mil 87.7 87.7 87.7 87.7 87.7 87.7 87.7 87.7 87.7 87.7 87.7pcr 87.4 87.4 87.4 87.4 87.4 87.4 87.4 87.4 87.4 87.4 87.4sgr 76.4 76.4 76.4 76.4 76.4 76.4 76.4 76.4 76.4 76.4 76.4ofd 28.8 28.8 28.8 28.8 28.8 28.8 28.8 28.8 28.8 28.8 28.8b_t 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3tex 9.6 10.2 9.7 9.5 9.6 9.3 9.2 9.4 9.8 9.3 9.6wap 11.9 12.2 12.1 11.9 11.6 11.9 12.2 12.2 12.0 11.5 11.8lea 9.0 8.9 8.4 8.7 9.3 9.3 6.5 10.1 8.7 7.1 8.4lum 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.7ppp 3.1 2.6 2.9 2.6 3.2 2.5 2.4 2.0 2.7 2.2 2.6p_c 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.9 0.5 3.0 2.7 3.1 2.7 2.8crp 4.6 4.8 5.1 4.7 5.3 4.7 5.3 4.7 4.8 5.0 5.0nmm 4.7 5.0 5.4 5.1 5.5 4.8 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4i_s 2.0 2.9 3.2 3.4 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.2 3.4 2.8nfm 1.8 1.9 2.1 1.5 2.1 2.0 1.2 1.5 2.9 2.8 2.2fmp 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.8 4.1 3.7 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.9mvh 8.0 8.1 7.7 8.3 8.7 8.8 8.6 7.8 8.4 8.8 8.4otn 2.1 2.4 2.8 2.1 3.0 2.1 2.9 3.1 3.0 2.7 2.3ele 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.2 5.0 4.0 4.5 4.4 4.2 4.5 4.7ome 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2omf 3.8 3.6 3.7 2.5 3.7 2.6 3.8 1.3 3.9 3.6 3.9ely 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Contd

4-10

Table 4.1 Average Import Tariff Rates, by Commodity and Importing Region (Percent)

(Continued)SWE CHE XEF HUN POL XCE XSU TUR XME MAR XNF

pdr 64.9 35.8 155.4 63.4 156.8 24.8 2.8 29.9 4.0 63.7 22.1wht 61.4 120.0 333.9 26.0 44.5 52.6 5.8 8.5 128.0 23.6 9.0gro 38.6 98.9 195.3 16.1 48.6 24.5 6.2 19.0 39.1 10.0 15.5v_f 14.5 101.2 109.4 33.5 42.5 21.9 8.2 41.4 120.4 31.7 32.8osd 0.0 97.4 129.9 1.0 15.5 12.5 4.1 9.8 57.6 24.5 18.3c_b 251.4 152.8 205.3 29.8 0.0 36.0 1.7 23.0 23.0 17.5 30.4pfb 0.0 0.1 0.0 2.8 17.0 9.4 0.0 0.0 28.0 2.5 9.0ocr 3.1 35.7 74.3 17.3 18.5 11.6 5.3 24.9 52.4 19.2 32.8ctl 36.6 161.6 319.3 23.4 19.6 65.9 11.5 41.8 68.1 158.5 25.0oap 6.7 150.3 103.1 15.4 32.7 23.2 8.0 14.0 64.7 22.3 31.8rmk 0.0 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 85.2 34.2 0.0 167.7 167.7wol 0.0 1.6 0.1 5.2 11.7 17.6 14.5 0.0 28.0 3.7 10.9for 0.1 0.0 1.0 4.6 7.3 0.8 6.1 0.4 5.4 3.6 7.8fsh 6.8 0.2 0.0 9.1 18.4 4.9 7.5 6.8 5.6 32.3 15.7col 0.0 0.2 0.1 4.6 5.3 0.2 2.3 0.0 6.5 2.4 3.2oil 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 2.9 0.0 2.8 0.1 0.0gas 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.0omn 0.0 0.2 0.0 1.0 0.5 0.7 4.5 0.6 6.1 0.8 8.1cmt 88.9 197.7 351.3 36.9 82.1 63.8 14.0 166.8 110.9 199.5 30.7omt 30.9 296.3 368.2 39.7 73.9 49.7 18.5 86.9 124.1 66.4 47.9vol 11.4 114.5 94.4 16.2 34.9 23.3 10.8 17.9 41.2 101.5 24.1mil 87.7 223.9 316.8 51.9 110.7 55.2 15.0 74.2 139.7 69.2 24.1pcr 87.4 33.0 107.2 51.5 8.9 24.8 5.3 35.0 7.6 119.0 27.0sgr 76.4 131.0 53.1 54.2 235.0 70.1 6.3 84.1 5.1 50.3 29.1ofd 28.8 111.2 157.2 33.5 55.4 31.6 12.4 38.4 70.9 32.7 35.0b_t 8.3 129.6 50.1 62.7 102.6 67.8 12.4 40.8 121.0 29.1 625.3tex 9.8 0.7 13.8 9.9 13.4 12.9 10.4 8.2 12.7 29.5 32.9wap 11.8 3.5 17.5 12.0 26.5 18.1 22.9 8.5 16.0 34.2 34.6lea 8.9 0.8 11.4 8.8 14.2 11.4 16.7 12.4 17.0 28.0 30.1lum 2.6 0.0 2.3 6.7 11.9 10.6 17.3 10.0 15.2 14.9 15.6ppp 3.4 0.0 1.5 6.1 8.7 8.5 5.4 4.9 7.2 24.5 17.8p_c 2.3 53.4 9.4 1.5 18.2 6.0 1.2 2.8 7.1 4.7 9.2crp 4.9 0.0 5.9 6.9 9.9 8.0 7.7 6.9 6.7 14.8 14.2nmm 5.0 0.2 8.8 7.1 10.5 9.6 12.3 6.6 10.4 18.1 24.5i_s 2.8 0.0 3.1 4.2 16.9 7.7 9.5 5.6 7.9 5.1 14.8nfm 2.6 0.0 0.1 2.7 10.2 4.7 5.3 3.5 6.3 5.5 15.9fmp 3.8 0.5 4.9 8.7 13.6 8.9 12.0 4.9 10.1 22.1 25.5mvh 8.2 0.0 0.2 13.5 17.8 15.2 15.4 14.8 9.5 16.3 40.8otn 2.4 1.1 1.0 9.1 8.7 7.9 7.3 1.9 5.5 8.9 15.0ele 4.4 0.5 5.0 8.0 13.3 5.3 8.4 4.5 7.1 8.2 15.0ome 3.1 0.5 3.4 8.5 11.1 7.2 7.4 3.4 8.6 11.2 15.1omf 3.6 0.0 5.2 7.8 15.1 10.9 13.0 5.0 6.3 25.3 22.4ely 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.5 2.6 0.8 0.5 1.4 0.0

Contd

4-11

Table 4.1 Average Import Tariff Rates, by Commodity and Importing Region (Percent)

(Continued)BWA XSC MWI MOZ TZA ZMB ZWE XSF UGA XSS XRW

pdr 0.0 0.0 38.0 0.3 9.6 13.5 17.7 26.9 62.7 12.9 5.2wht 2.6 46.5 38.8 2.5 24.1 23.0 14.8 4.2 63.7 9.2 5.8gro 0.7 36.3 0.0 1.2 15.6 3.1 18.7 2.9 54.8 23.2 1.3v_f 0.2 24.9 20.3 28.4 25.9 15.3 33.9 19.2 29.9 20.5 8.8osd 25.5 34.8 33.0 18.6 26.0 11.9 2.5 32.5 30.0 2.8 1.0c_b 17.1 0.2 0.0 7.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.7 15.0 0.0 0.0pfb 24.4 16.9 36.5 2.0 7.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 12.1 10.9 6.8ocr 2.8 9.0 35.1 9.8 30.3 11.2 61.9 22.2 8.0 14.9 6.0ctl 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.3 10.8 11.4 7.5 1.6 6.3 8.2 2.0oap 0.7 7.7 16.2 4.6 25.2 8.4 7.4 3.8 3.6 16.2 4.8rmk 21.9 0.0 0.0 5.2 8.4 19.4 0.0 7.7 1.2 8.1 10.9wol 4.2 4.2 0.0 5.1 9.4 19.5 0.0 3.6 1.2 0.2 0.4for 18.6 0.0 13.1 5.3 16.0 26.3 2.3 9.3 1.8 18.1 3.5fsh 11.8 0.7 8.9 2.3 4.4 9.9 13.9 19.2 3.0 8.0 2.9col 0.2 0.0 0.0 2.5 17.8 4.2 5.7 14.8 11.6 10.5 6.5oil 6.4 0.0 0.0 1.3 1.9 20.1 17.6 12.1 5.8 1.0 2.7gas 1.5 0.0 0.0 1.2 1.9 3.9 1.0 10.3 11.4 0.5 0.3omn 23.5 2.0 0.4 3.2 16.4 18.3 23.1 15.3 14.2 12.2 6.6cmt 7.2 68.8 27.1 8.9 24.2 6.4 11.9 3.1 8.2 19.8 7.7omt 6.1 45.8 25.1 30.2 29.3 11.4 23.8 23.2 19.1 20.5 7.1vol 11.7 43.0 19.0 14.9 24.9 15.0 27.9 10.9 26.1 21.1 5.3mil 9.0 74.7 11.6 28.3 31.1 13.3 36.3 1.8 5.5 15.8 6.6pcr 22.2 0.0 15.2 7.5 29.7 9.5 23.8 14.5 19.8 10.4 2.0sgr 31.5 60.1 9.8 6.8 29.7 13.1 27.5 29.5 21.3 19.0 9.2ofd 3.7 39.6 13.4 28.7 29.2 15.2 28.5 20.1 26.4 23.9 16.3b_t 5.2 95.3 53.5 22.6 17.4 21.3 48.8 69.6 17.2 34.4 13.7tex 11.7 14.3 35.6 29.3 19.0 19.7 27.5 1.4 18.9 25.7 14.1wap 1.8 26.2 37.4 33.5 14.8 24.7 83.7 50.4 19.7 34.1 20.1lea 2.5 31.8 41.4 34.3 18.2 24.8 69.0 42.1 29.6 31.9 12.6lum 5.0 9.6 36.3 26.0 20.4 15.4 33.4 58.0 28.0 28.2 15.8ppp 5.8 7.3 18.1 11.7 31.3 13.4 23.4 25.7 10.6 14.6 6.8p_c 23.6 3.9 5.2 11.1 6.6 12.5 12.9 36.9 16.6 12.0 8.3crp 1.8 5.2 11.1 13.0 16.7 10.2 12.5 23.2 8.0 13.1 7.9nmm 6.7 8.8 21.3 9.8 26.5 14.0 23.3 23.5 20.0 19.0 8.5i_s 2.7 6.6 18.9 7.7 19.2 5.3 18.0 20.8 14.2 13.7 7.4nfm 3.3 2.1 23.6 6.9 25.2 13.8 15.2 6.8 11.5 9.8 8.1fmp 5.8 9.1 25.0 13.9 21.7 18.0 28.3 39.9 17.9 21.2 11.3mvh 14.0 20.2 17.0 12.5 16.3 17.1 25.4 52.4 17.4 17.5 14.3otn 13.3 0.6 19.1 10.5 11.3 9.7 15.1 13.7 17.2 8.1 8.9ele 4.3 2.2 31.8 13.2 24.7 17.9 24.3 38.1 13.4 17.0 10.1ome 5.4 5.6 20.2 8.9 16.4 9.6 12.2 26.9 12.3 12.8 6.6omf 6.3 7.8 39.9 33.1 24.5 23.0 32.1 29.1 27.8 28.6 4.6ely 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.6 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.0

4-12

Table 4.2 Export Subsidies for Agriculture, Food Production, Textiles and Wearing Apparel

(Percent Market Value)

AUS NZL CHN HKG JPN KOR TWN IDN MYS PHL SGPpdr -2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 -2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0wht -2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0gro -2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0v_f -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 -3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0osd -0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 -2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0c_b -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0pfb 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -2.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0ocr -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 -3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0ctl -5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0oap -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 -1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0rmk 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0wol -8.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 -3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0cmt -0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 -3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0omt -0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 -2.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0vol 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -3.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0mil 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 -2.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0pcr 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0sgr 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0ofd -0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 -3.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0b_t -2.9 -22.8 0.0 0.0 -3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0tex 0.0 0.0 -3.5 -0.5 -3.1 -0.4 0.0 -3.0 -1.4 -3.7 0.0wap -0.1 0.0 -9.8 -6.4 -3.1 -1.0 -2.1 -5.3 -5.0 -6.4 -0.3

THA VNM BGD IND LKA XSA CAN USA MEX XCM COL

pdr 0.0 -14.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0wht 0.0 -5.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.2 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.0gro 0.0 -5.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.2 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.0v_f 0.0 -5.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.2 0.0 0.0 -0.2 2.7osd 0.0 -5.2 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.0 -0.2 0.0 0.0 -1.3 0.0c_b 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.2 0.0 -0.2 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.0pfb 0.0 -5.2 0.0 0.0 -0.3 0.0 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1ocr 0.0 -5.2 0.0 0.0 -6.3 0.0 -0.2 0.0 0.0 -6.2 -6.1ctl 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.2 0.0 -0.2 0.0 0.0 -7.4 0.0oap 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 -0.2 0.0 0.0 -1.8 0.0rmk 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0wol 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -7.6 0.0cmt 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -2.4 0.0 -0.2 0.0 0.0 -10.4 -0.6omt 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.6 0.0 -0.2 0.0 0.0 1.5 -0.1vol 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -5.3 0.0 -0.2 0.0 0.0 -2.7 0.0mil 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -2.2 0.0 -0.2 18.6 0.0 11.8 0.0pcr 0.0 -1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.5 0.0sgr 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -3.0 0.0 -0.2 0.0 0.0 -5.7 1.6ofd 0.0 -1.6 0.0 0.0 -3.3 0.0 -0.2 0.0 0.0 -1.6 0.2b_t 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -3.2 0.0 -0.2 0.0 0.0 -6.7 -19.9tex -2.8 -1.4 -8.0 -6.3 -8.7 -5.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.6 -4.0wap -7.6 -3.8 -7.6 -19.1 -7.6 -6.9 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.6 -10.5

Contd

4-13

Table 4.2 Export Subsidies for Agriculture, Food Production, Textiles and Wearing Apparel

(Percent Market Value) (Continued)

PER VEN XAP ARG BRA CHL URY XSM AUT BEL DNKpdr 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.8 13.8 13.8wht 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.5 9.5 9.1 9.1 9.1gro 0.7 0.0 0.7 0.0 -17.2 0.0 9.6 9.5 34.2 34.2 34.2v_f 0.5 1.7 0.5 0.0 -16.7 0.0 9.4 6.2 0.8 0.8 0.8osd 0.9 0.0 0.9 0.0 -16.7 0.0 9.5 9.5 0.0 0.0 0.0c_b 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -16.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0pfb 0.9 0.0 0.9 0.0 -16.7 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0ocr 1.1 1.5 1.1 0.0 -16.7 0.0 0.0 -5.1 0.4 0.4 0.4ctl 0.9 0.0 0.9 0.0 -15.7 0.0 -9.0 -8.6 0.0 0.0 0.0oap 1.8 0.0 1.8 0.0 -15.7 0.0 -8.7 -7.7 0.0 0.0 0.0rmk 0.7 0.0 0.7 0.0 -15.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0wol 1.1 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 -9.0 -9.0 0.0 0.0 0.0cmt 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.8 0.0 -11.7 -11.7 27.1 27.1 27.1omt -0.8 0.0 -0.8 0.0 -0.8 0.0 -11.4 -8.8 4.2 4.2 4.2vol -0.7 -0.1 -0.7 0.0 -13.6 0.0 6.7 6.1 0.1 0.1 0.1mil 2.0 -0.1 2.0 0.0 -2.8 0.0 13.0 13.0 24.2 24.2 24.2pcr 0.0 -0.2 0.0 0.0 -6.4 0.0 10.0 10.0 13.8 13.8 13.8sgr 0.0 7.5 0.0 0.0 -13.6 0.0 7.3 6.1 54.4 54.4 54.4ofd -0.7 -0.3 -0.7 0.0 -13.6 0.0 5.9 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.5b_t -13.2 -26.2 -13.2 0.0 -24.3 0.0 0.0 -12.7 0.0 0.0 0.0tex -1.1 -1.7 -0.6 -0.7 -3.5 -0.9 19.3 20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0wap -4.8 -2.9 -3.6 -3.1 -3.5 -2.3 24.5 21.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

FIN FRA DEU GBR GRC IRL ITA LUX NLD PRT ESPpdr 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8 0.0 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8wht 9.1 9.1 9.1 9.1 9.1 9.1 9.1 9.1 9.1 9.1 9.1gro 34.2 34.2 34.2 34.2 34.2 34.2 34.2 34.2 34.2 34.2 34.2v_f 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8osd 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0c_b 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0pfb 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0ocr 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4ctl 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0oap 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0rmk 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0wol 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0cmt 27.1 27.1 27.1 27.1 27.1 27.1 27.1 27.1 27.1 27.1 27.1omt 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2vol 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1mil 24.2 24.2 24.2 24.2 24.2 24.2 24.2 24.2 24.2 24.2 24.2pcr 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8sgr 54.4 54.4 54.4 54.4 54.4 54.4 54.4 54.4 54.4 54.4 54.4ofd 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5b_t 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0tex 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0wap 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Contd

4-14

Table 4.2 Export Subsidies for Agriculture, Food Production, Textiles and Wearing Apparel

(Percent Market Value) (Continued)

SWE CHE XEF HUN POL XCE XSU TUR XME MAR XNFpdr 13.8 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0wht 9.1 0.0 0.0 4.4 0.0 0.0 -0.2 0.0 5.9 -2.9 -2.9gro 34.2 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.0 4.8 -3.0 -3.0v_f 0.8 65.6 0.0 2.3 0.0 0.0 -1.9 0.9 1.5 -1.7 -1.7osd 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 -1.9 0.0 4.2 -0.9 -0.9c_b 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 -1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0pfb 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -1.9 0.0 -1.6 -59.2 -59.2ocr 0.4 0.0 25.8 0.8 0.0 0.0 -1.9 0.1 -0.3 -0.4 -0.4ctl 0.0 3.9 79.9 7.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -6.3 -6.3 -6.2oap 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -3.5 -6.3 -6.3rmk 0.0 118.2 118.2 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -6.2 -6.2wol 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -1.1 0.0 -8.1 -2.4 -2.4cmt 27.1 0.0 31.3 0.5 0.0 42.3 2.1 0.0 -7.2 -0.7 -0.7omt 4.2 0.0 54.6 1.8 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.3 -1.3 -0.7 -0.7vol 0.1 0.0 0.0 4.4 0.0 0.0 -2.8 0.1 1.1 -1.0 -1.0mil 24.2 80.1 93.4 0.0 0.0 19.6 8.9 0.1 2.7 0.0 0.0pcr 13.8 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.0 9.7 -5.2 -5.2sgr 54.4 0.0 0.0 2.7 6.2 0.4 -2.8 0.0 1.6 -3.2 -3.2ofd 4.5 10.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.3 -2.8 2.0 2.2 -5.2 -5.2b_t 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.6 0.0 0.0 -14.4 0.0 -11.7 -12.7 -12.7tex 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.3 -0.2 -0.3 -0.2 -1.6 13.2 -2.4 -2.5wap 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.3 -0.1 -0.3 -0.5 -0.5 10.8 -2.2 -2.2

BWA XSC MWI MOZ TZA ZMB ZWE XSF UGA XSS XRWpdr 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.2 0.0wht 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 0.4gro 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1v_f 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.0osd 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 -3.4c_b 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0pfb 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0ocr 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -3.4ctl 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.3 -0.7oap 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 -0.1rmk 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.1wol 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -8.9 -3.8cmt 0.0 7.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -8.0 -1.8omt 0.0 4.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.2 0.0vol 0.0 6.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.6 -3.4mil 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 0.0pcr 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.2 4.3sgr 0.0 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 -4.8ofd 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.3 0.0b_t 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 -1.1tex 0.0 3.5 0.0 -0.3 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.3 -0.1 0.1 1.0wap -0.2 -0.2 0.0 0.0 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 0.0 -0.1 -0.8

4-15

Table 4.3 Output Subsidies for Primary Agriculture (Percent Market Value)

AUS NZL CHN HKG JPN KOR TWN IDN MYS PHL SGP

pdr 0.3 0.0 -1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.2 0.0 0.0 -2.1 0.0

wht -0.1 0.0 -1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -2.2 0.0

gro 0.3 0.0 -1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -2.1 0.0

v_f 0.0 0.0 -1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.2 0.0 0.0 -2.4 -1.8

osd 0.3 0.0 -1.9 0.0 14.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -2.4 -1.8

c_b 0.5 0.0 -1.9 0.0 1.5 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0 -2.4 -1.8

pfb 0.0 0.0 -1.9 0.0 -2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -2.4 -1.8

ocr 0.0 0.0 -1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -2.4 -1.8

ctl -0.1 0.0 -1.4 0.0 0.5 0.0 -0.6 0.0 0.0 -1.8 -2.1

oap 0.5 0.0 -1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.4 0.0 0.0 -1.8 -2.1

rmk 0.5 0.0 -1.4 0.0 4.0 0.0 -0.6 0.0 0.0 -1.8 -2.1

wol -3.8 0.0 -1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.2 0.0 0.0 -0.8 0.0

THA VNM BGD IND LKA XSA CAN USA MEX XCM COL

pdr -0.2 -4.3 0.0 3.7 0.0 2.8 -0.2 1.2 6.9 0.5 -0.1

wht 0.0 -1.8 1.6 5.4 0.0 5.3 0.3 7.8 0.0 0.4 -0.1

gro -0.1 -2.3 0.2 1.8 1.9 1.8 3.0 6.8 0.0 0.5 -0.1

v_f 0.0 -2.5 -1.0 1.8 0.1 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.7 0.3

osd -0.1 -6.1 -0.7 1.8 3.1 1.8 0.1 4.7 0.0 0.4 -0.1

c_b -0.1 -1.2 0.0 1.8 2.0 1.7 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.1 -0.1

pfb -1.2 -3.2 -9.9 1.8 1.7 1.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 -1.5 -0.1

ocr -0.5 -6.9 1.3 1.8 -4.5 1.7 -0.2 0.0 0.0 -5.3 -5.0

ctl -0.1 -0.4 -1.2 -0.5 2.0 -0.7 1.9 0.7 0.0 -0.1 0.0

oap -0.1 -0.4 0.0 -0.5 2.0 -0.5 1.4 0.6 0.0 1.6 0.0

rmk -0.1 -0.4 -1.2 -0.5 2.0 -0.5 3.0 0.7 0.0 0.4 0.0

wol 0.0 -0.4 0.0 -0.5 0.0 -0.5 -0.3 0.9 0.0 -1.9 0.0

PER VEN XAP ARG BRA CHL URY XSM AUT BEL DNK

pdr -0.4 0.0 -0.4 0.0 0.8 -3.3 -1.1 -1.0 0.4 0.3 0.5

wht -0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.8 -3.1 0.4 2.6 1.2 0.8 1.1

gro -0.3 0.0 -0.2 0.0 0.6 -2.9 0.6 1.1 1.7 8.9 1.8

v_f -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.6 -2.6 -1.2 -0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

osd -0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 -2.4 -2.6 2.6 8.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

c_b -0.4 0.0 -0.4 0.0 0.8 -2.6 -1.7 -1.6 0.4 0.4 0.4

pfb -0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.6 -2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.1 -0.3

ocr -0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 -6.3 -2.6 -1.2 -1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0

ctl -0.3 0.0 -0.3 0.0 0.8 -0.6 -2.7 -2.5 0.3 0.3 0.3

oap -0.2 0.0 -0.3 0.0 0.6 -0.6 -2.6 -0.9 0.4 0.4 0.4

rmk -0.4 0.0 -0.4 0.0 0.8 -0.6 -1.9 -1.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

wol -0.4 0.0 -0.4 0.0 -0.1 -0.5 -2.7 -2.2 0.0 -0.1 -0.3

Contd

4-16

Table 4.3 Output Subsidies for Primary Agriculture (Percent Market Value) (Continued)

FIN FRA DEU GBR GRC IRL ITA LUX NLD PRT ESP

pdr -0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 -0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2

wht 0.5 1.8 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.5

gro 2.4 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.0 0.3 0.3 6.3 8.7 0.2 0.8

v_f 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0

osd 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

c_b 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

pfb 0.0 0.0 -0.2 -0.3 0.0 -0.1 -0.5 0.0 0.0 -0.2 0.0

ocr 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0

ctl 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

oap 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

rmk 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

wol -1.0 -0.1 -0.4 0.0 -0.2 0.0 -0.2 0.0 -0.3 0.0 0.0

SWE CHE XEF HUN POL XCE XSU TUR XME MAR XNF

pdr 0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 -0.3 0.1 -1.5 0.0 -0.9 0.0 0.0

wht 1.2 1.5 11.4 1.5 0.0 0.8 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0

gro 6.1 2.3 16.1 0.3 0.0 0.6 -0.5 0.0 -0.6 0.0 0.0

v_f 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.4 -0.4 0.1 -1.6 -0.3 -0.1

osd 0.2 2.3 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.4 -1.1 0.0 2.7 0.0 0.0

c_b 0.4 2.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.4 -0.3 0.0 -0.4 0.0 0.0

pfb -1.1 -0.2 -2.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 -1.9 0.0 -2.2 -1.1 -5.3

ocr 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.4 -1.5 0.0 0.5 -0.1 0.0

ctl 0.3 2.3 29.3 3.2 0.0 0.6 -0.3 0.0 -1.9 0.0 0.0

oap 0.4 2.3 1.4 1.8 0.0 0.6 -0.3 0.0 1.3 -0.1 -0.1

rmk 0.3 5.9 36.3 1.7 0.0 0.6 -0.3 0.0 -0.9 -0.1 -0.1

wol -1.6 -0.1 224.8 0.0 0.0 0.9 -1.3 0.0 -2.3 0.0 0.0

BWA XSC MWI MOZ TZA ZMB ZWE XSF UGA XSS XRW

pdr 0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 -1.8 -2.8 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.9

wht 0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 -1.6 37.6 26.3 0.0 6.5 4.3

gro 0.4 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 -0.4 3.4 1.2 0.0 0.6 2.7

v_f 0.6 0.4 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.6 -15.9 -3.9 0.0 -0.7 0.2

osd 6.5 -0.1 0.0 -32.4 0.0 -1.8 -7.3 -4.9 0.0 -2.0 1.6

c_b 1.2 0.0 0.0 -8.6 0.0 -1.8 -4.9 -2.7 0.0 -0.6 2.0

pfb 0.2 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 -1.6 -4.5 -3.6 0.0 -5.8 0.3

ocr 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 -1.0 -0.4 -2.1 -1.4 0.0 -0.4 1.4

ctl 0.9 -0.1 0.0 1.4 0.0 -5.6 -6.1 -5.6 0.0 -2.2 2.3

oap 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 -2.2 -5.4 -2.4 0.0 -0.4 2.1

rmk 0.8 -0.1 0.0 0.9 0.0 -4.2 -3.9 -1.6 0.0 -0.2 1.8

wol 1.1 0.0 0.2 0.6 0.2 -1.3 -2.7 -2.4 0.0 -2.2 -1.9

4-17

Table 4.4 Input Subsidies for Primary Agriculture (Percent)

AUS NZL CHN HKG JPN KOR TWN IDN MYS PHL SGP

pdr 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.5 5.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

wht 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

gro 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.2 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

v_f 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

osd 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.0 7.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

c_b 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

pfb 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ocr 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ctl 3.6 0.9 0.0 0.0 2.7 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

oap 2.5 2.1 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

rmk 2.5 0.9 0.0 0.0 6.6 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

wol 3.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

THA VNM BGD IND LKA XSA CAN USA MEX XCM COL

pdr 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.3 1.7 0.0 0.0

wht 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.6 6.9 2.3 0.0 0.0

gro 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 5.2 5.1 0.0 0.0

v_f 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

osd 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 5.2 7.8 0.0 0.0

c_b 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.9 5.0 0.0 0.0

pfb 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ocr 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ctl 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 2.5 3.4 0.0 0.0

oap 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 1.9 1.5 0.0 0.0

rmk 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 2.5 1.3 0.0 0.0

wol 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0

PER VEN XAP ARG BRA CHL URY XSM AUT BEL DNK

pdr 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 1.0 0.9

wht 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.2 10.0 12.1

gro 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.0 11.1 14.4

v_f 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

osd 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.2 10.6 7.0

c_b 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.7 0.7

pfb 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ocr 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ctl 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.1 3.5 5.1

oap 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.4 0.6

rmk 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.6 6.2 8.4

wol 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Contd

4-18

Table 4.4 Input Subsidies for Primary Agriculture (Percent) (Continued)

FIN FRA DEU GBR GRC IRL ITA LUX NLD PRT ESP

pdr 0.9 0.3 1.0 1.0 3.0 0.9 0.6 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.2

wht 9.0 17.0 12.9 15.0 25.4 23.3 17.2 8.9 17.6 11.0 13.6

gro 7.5 30.0 16.3 18.9 50.9 33.6 35.7 16.5 26.0 5.6 21.6

v_f 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

osd 7.6 13.7 8.5 18.7 89.8 37.1 31.2 17.8 32.5 24.9 35.2

c_b 0.7 0.9 1.5 0.7 7.6 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.3 1.2 0.8

pfb 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ocr 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ctl 3.7 2.1 3.9 2.3 1.0 3.5 2.9 3.9 2.6 1.4 1.6

oap 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4

rmk 6.7 4.9 6.5 4.8 3.1 3.8 3.7 4.8 5.8 2.7 2.6

wol 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

SWE CHE XEF HUN POL XCE XSU TUR XME MAR XNF

pdr 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

wht 12.6 1.1 57.3 4.4 8.1 0.0 0.0 35.7 0.0 0.0 0.0

gro 5.1 0.9 74.4 4.2 5.5 0.0 0.0 49.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

v_f 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

osd 18.1 1.0 0.0 3.2 12.0 0.0 0.0 20.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

c_b 0.4 1.4 0.0 3.1 9.5 0.0 0.0 19.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

pfb 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ocr 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ctl 3.0 0.3 35.2 2.1 2.0 0.0 0.0 13.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

oap 0.4 0.3 0.6 1.9 2.3 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

rmk 6.4 0.5 53.7 1.6 2.9 0.0 0.0 5.7 0.0 0.0 0.0

wol 0.0 0.0 89.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

BWA XSC MWI MOZ TZA ZMB ZWE XSF UGA XSS XRW

pdr 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

wht 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

gro 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

v_f 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

osd 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

c_b 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

pfb 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ocr 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ctl 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

oap 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

rmk 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

wol 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

4-19

Table 4.5 Land-based Payments, Primary Agriculture (Percent)

AUS NZL CHN HKG JPN KOR TWN IDN MYS PHL SGP

pdr 11.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.8 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

wht 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

gro 11.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 40.7 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

v_f 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

osd 9.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 72.8 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

c_b 7.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

pfb 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ocr 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ctl 11.7 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

oap 13.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

rmk 9.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

wol 11.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

THA VNM BGD IND LKA XSA CAN USA MEX XCM COL

pdr 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 44.5 21.1 0.0 0.0

wht 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 44.6 74.3 36.2 0.0 0.0

gro 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41.5 63.3 53.0 0.0 0.0

v_f 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

osd 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30.2 23.0 19.7 0.0 0.0

c_b 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.3 1.3 0.0 0.0

pfb 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ocr 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ctl 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.5 9.0 1.4 0.0 0.0

oap 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.6 7.6 1.4 0.0 0.0

rmk 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.3 9.2 1.5 0.0 0.0

wol 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 97.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

PER VEN XAP ARG BRA CHL URY XSM AUT BEL DNK

pdr 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 37.7 53.4 43.3

wht 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 93.9 92.2 87.2

gro 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 97.6 89.9 90.4

v_f 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

osd 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95.5 98.5 94.1

c_b 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 34.3 36.8 31.7

pfb 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ocr 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ctl 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 46.4 0.0 0.0

oap 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.3 13.3 7.3

rmk 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.0 9.1 6.0

wol 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Contd

4-20

Table 4.5 Land-based Payments, Primary Agriculture (Percent) (Continued)

FIN FRA DEU GBR GRC IRL ITA LUX NLD PRT ESP

pdr 46.1 62.5 30.9 44.5 29.2 41.7 38.4 55.0 81.0 44.2 76.9

wht 94.0 89.7 88.3 89.1 95.3 91.0 93.7 87.8 87.9 99.5 94.6

gro 96.2 88.6 90.5 92.2 81.8 90.9 86.4 88.2 93.2 99.8 91.7

v_f 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

osd 99.0 93.3 98.1 91.2 93.7 98.6 91.3 95.8 31.7 98.3 93.6

c_b 35.7 34.2 25.9 32.4 23.6 44.7 33.1 28.1 32.3 54.7 36.7

pfb 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ocr 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ctl 54.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

oap 14.6 14.8 10.9 9.4 8.3 8.6 8.4 8.8 20.3 42.9 13.6

rmk 6.8 9.7 6.5 7.5 11.1 12.4 9.3 6.5 9.0 17.6 16.5

wol 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

SWE CHE XEF HUN POL XCE XSU TUR XME MAR XNF

pdr 42.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

wht 94.4 48.7 1.0 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

gro 99.6 74.7 1.3 3.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

v_f 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

osd 97.9 61.5 0.0 4.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

c_b 44.6 52.3 0.0 4.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

pfb 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ocr 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ctl 68.4 51.1 4.6 6.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

oap 14.0 60.1 10.2 6.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

rmk 8.6 34.9 4.7 15.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

wol 0.0 0.0 69.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

BWA XSC MWI MOZ TZA ZMB ZWE XSF UGA XSS XRW

pdr 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

wht 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

gro 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

v_f 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

osd 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

c_b 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

pfb 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ocr 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ctl 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

oap 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

rmk 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

wol 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

4-21

Table 4.6 Capital-based Payments, Primary Agriculture (Percent)

AUS NZL CHN HKG JPN KOR TWN IDN MYS PHL SGP

pdr 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.4 22.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

wht 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

gro 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.4 28.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

v_f 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

osd 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.0 22.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

c_b 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

pfb 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ocr 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ctl 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.6 75.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

oap 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.0 77.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

rmk 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.2 48.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

wol 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

THA VNM BGD IND LKA XSA CAN USA MEX XCM COL

pdr 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.9 5.9 0.0 0.0

wht 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.6 2.1 7.0 0.0 0.0

gro 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.1 2.4 6.5 0.0 0.0

v_f 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

osd 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.9 2.1 3.9 0.0 0.0

c_b 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 4.4 0.0 0.0

pfb 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ocr 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ctl 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 3.3 11.2 0.0 0.0

oap 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.4 2.7 6.3 0.0 0.0

rmk 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.7 15.4 9.8 0.0 0.0

wol 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 92.9 0.0 0.0 0.0

PER VEN XAP ARG BRA CHL URY XSM AUT BEL DNK

pdr 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

wht 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60.9 65.9 34.8

gro 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85.3 66.9 39.1

v_f 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

osd 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60.7 90.2 52.6

c_b 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

pfb 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ocr 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ctl 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 61.5 67.6 40.5

oap 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.6 13.9 4.2

rmk 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.1

wol 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Contd

4-22

Table 4.6 Capital-based Payments, Primary Agriculture (Percent) (Continued)

FIN FRA DEU GBR GRC IRL ITA LUX NLD PRT ESP

pdr 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

wht 57.7 56.3 65.7 62.0 47.7 57.0 52.7 53.2 53.1 79.0 55.3

gro 69.6 57.2 69.8 66.1 51.1 56.9 53.2 55.3 70.2 98.4 62.6

v_f 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

osd 85.0 61.4 92.1 66.9 46.8 88.8 52.2 80.3 53.9 72.8 52.4

c_b 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

pfb 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ocr 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ctl 62.2 79.4 60.5 92.1 81.9 82.4 60.3 57.3 41.9 89.5 87.3

oap 15.3 15.5 17.8 13.9 8.7 9.0 8.8 9.2 21.1 44.1 14.2

rmk 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.8 0.7

wol 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

SWE CHE XEF HUN POL XCE XSU TUR XME MAR XNF

pdr 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

wht 67.5 5.9 0.1 29.7 15.3 0.0 0.0 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0

gro 96.1 9.3 0.1 30.3 17.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

v_f 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

osd 79.8 10.2 0.0 34.8 19.5 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

c_b 0.0 8.3 0.0 35.1 12.6 0.0 0.0 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.0

pfb 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ocr 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ctl 82.4 57.1 62.7 42.8 11.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

oap 14.6 65.7 37.5 46.0 15.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

rmk 0.3 44.4 44.4 67.9 11.4 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

wol 0.0 0.0 47.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

BWA XSC MWI MOZ TZA ZMB ZWE XSF UGA XSS XRW

pdr 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

wht 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

gro 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

v_f 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

osd 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

c_b 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

pfb 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ocr 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ctl 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

oap 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

rmk 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

wol 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0