Chapter 4 Basin Monitoring - hydrosciences.fr

Nile Basin Water Resources Atlas / 75

Basin MonitoringBasin MonitoringChapter 4

76 / Nile Basin Water Resources Atlas

There are approximately 928 meteorologi-cal and 423 hydrometric stations in the Nile Basin. Over 70 percent of the meteorological stations measure either just daily rainfall to-tals or rainfall and temperature. Most hydro-metric stations measure river or lake water levels. Monitoring of water quality, sediment transport in rivers, and groundwater are at their early stages in most countries. Data transmission from the stations to central data repository in most countries is manual.

The current total number of national moni-toring stations in the Nile Basin countries is well below its historical maximum. Staff and financial resources to operate and maintain the complete national network of stations are limited in all countries. Automated data transmission using modern technology is being newly introduced in many countries. In all countries the potential use of data for real-time water resources management is not realized because of a lack of telemetry and data processing and management systems.

There have been national as well as regional initiatives to improve river basin monitoring in the Nile Basin. The Nile Basin Initiative has recently completed the design of a Nile Basin regional Hydromet system. This system will comprise a set of 323 meteorological and 79 hydrometric stations, groundwater and water quality laboratory strengthening and moni-toring use of remote sensing for monitoring river basin processes. The system relies on existing monitoring stations to be upgraded to meet the requirements as a regional mon-itoring network with few new stations added where no current monitoring stations exist. The IGAD-HYCOS is another regional initia-tive that has supported member countries of the IGAD to upgrade their hydrological moni-toring network; some of these stations are in the Nile Basin.

Key Messages


introduCtion

OverviewThis chapter presents the current state of water resources monitoring in the Nile Basin. The focus of the chapter is primarily on hydro-meteorological monitoring with additional information provided on monitoring of water quality and groundwater. The information in this chapter is based on data compiled by NBI from the riparian countries. No information was available for part of the Nile Basin that lies in Egypt and Eritrea. The monitoring network presented in this chapter includes only those networks that are operated by national agencies for hydrological and meteorological moni-toring services. It doesn’t include those monitoring stations that are established and operated by specialized agencies for specific purposes.

Meteorological monitoringThere were 928 meteorological stations in the Nile Basin in the countries surveyed in 2014. Most (674) of these stations measure rainfall only or rainfall and tempera-ture while the rest measure fuller set of

meteorological parameters. In addition to the stations that are established and maintained by National Meteorological Services agencies, there are other net-works that have been put in place for spe-cific purposes. An example of such special purpose networks is the 19 hydro-meteo-rological stations that are operated by the Kenyan Flood Diagnostics and Fore-casting Centre (FDFC) in the Nzoia and Tana River basins. Such networks are not included in the Atlas.

Overall, basic meteorological variables of precipitation, temperature, relative humidity and evaporation are measured in all countries. Automated weather stations have been introduced in all countries though the distribution and area coverage greatly vary between countries.

Data transmission from the stations in most countries is manual. As can be seen from the table, telemetry is introduced in only five countries, namely, DRC, Ethiopia and Kenya. The telemetry system in DR Congo is part of the SADC- HYCOS.

NBI countries, met stations summary

Country Full Met StationsRainfall or rainfall and

temperature measuring stations

Burundi 10 21

DR Congo 3 0

Ethiopia 99 397

Kenya 27 104

Rwanda 24 11

South Sudan 5 0

Sudan 38 48

Tanzania 17 25

Uganda 31 68

254 674

Total 928

National institutions responsible for meteorological monitoringCountry Institution Institution full name

Burundi IGEBU Institut Géographic of Burundi

DR Congo METTELSAT Agence Nationale de Meteorologie et de Teledetection par Satellite

Ethiopia MOWR Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity, National Meteorological Services Authority

Kenya MEWNR Ministry of Environment, Water and Natural Resources

Rwanda MINIRENA Ministry of Natural Resources

South Sudan MEDIWR Ministry of Electricity, Dams, Irrigation and Water Resources

Sudan MWRE Ministry of Water Resources and Electricity

Tanzania TMA Tanzania Meteorological Agency

Uganda UNMA Uganda National Meteorological Authority

Existing meteorological monitoring capabilitiesCountry Burundi DR Congo Ethiopia Kenya Rwanda South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Uganda

Meteorological

Automated stations Y N Y* Y Y Y Y Y Y

Telemetry N Y Y Y N N N Y N

Precipitation Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

Temperature Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

Relative humidity Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

Evaporation Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

"* Capability recently introducedNote: the Survey didn’t include Egypt”

Sudan

Egypt

Kenya

EthiopiaSouth Sudan

Uganda

Democratic Republic of Congo

Eritrea

United Republic of TanzaniaBurundi

Rwanda

0 250 500125

Kilometers

River

Lakes

Meteorological stations

Country boundary

Sub-basin

The NBI is not an authorityon international boundaries

Meteorological station at Entebbe, Uganda

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Historical evolution of meteorological stationsIn most countries, meteorological mon-itoring started in 1900’s. The Hydromet Project (1967 – 1992) boosted river basin monitoring in the participating coun-tries, namely, Egypt, DR Congo, Sudan, Uganda, Burundi, and Rwanda. Over the years, however, the number of monitoring stations declined in some of the countries. Charts are provided for Burundi and Uganda to indicate the historical growth and decline in number of meteorological stations for which data was available.

Evaporation pan Wind vane

Meteoroligical station at Entebbe, Uganda

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Hydrometric monitoring

Hydrometric monitoring networks are defined as observations networks that primarily measure stream flow related pa-rameters (primarily river/lake water levels and river discharge).

In 2014, there were 427 hydrometric sta-tions in the countries included in the sur-vey. These registered stations primarily measure river/lake water levels and river discharge. In very few stations, suspended sediment load at rivers are measured.

Most of the gauging stations employ staff gauges as the only instrument for water level measurement. The available capa-bilities of the countries with respect to hydrometric monitoring are shown in the adjacent table.

Telemetry for automated data transmis-sion has been introduced in Ethiopia, Uganda and Tanzania recently.

Water quality and sediment monitoring is practiced in very few countries, which is clearly a major gap in current monitor-ing networks in the Nile Basin. In most countries there is not sufficient capability (laboratories, mobile calibration labs, field sampling kits).

In most countries, groundwater monitor-ing is virtually non-existent. Comparative-ly, Uganda has the largest groundwater observation network that includes 30 groundwater monitoring stations.

NBI countries, hydrometric stations summaryCountry Hydrometric stations Country Hydrometric stations

Burundi 15 Sudan 18

Kagera 15 Blue Nile - Lower 7

DR Congo 0 Main Nile 8

Lake Albert 0 Tekeze-Atbara 3

Ethiopia 176 White Nile 0

Baro-Akobo-Sobat 27 Tanzania 19

Blue-Nile 126 Lake Victoria - Kagera 7

Tekeze-Atbara 23 Lake Victoria - Tanzania 12

Kenya 93 Uganda 66

Lake Victoria 87 Bahr el Jebel 1

Victoria Nile 6 Lake Albert 19

Rwanda 36 Lake Victoria -Kagera 2

Lake Victoria - Kagera 36 Lake Victoria -Uganda 14

South Sudan 5 Victoria Nile 30

Bahr el Ghazal 1

Bahr el Jebel 2

Baro-Akobo-Sobat 1

White Nile 1 Total 428

Existing hydrometric capabilities Hydrometric Burundi DR Congo Ethiopia Kenya Rwanda South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Uganda

Automated stations Y N Y Y Y N Y Y Y

Telemetry N N Y* N N N N Y* Y

Water level Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

Discharge Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

Reservoir/Lake level Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

"* Capability recently indtroducedNote: the Survey didn’t include Egypt”

Existing water quality monitoring capabilities Water quality/sediment Burundi DR Congo Ethiopia Kenya Rwanda South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Uganda

Basic water quality Y N Y* Y Y N Y Y Y

Special water quality N N N Y N N Y N N

Sediment sampling Y N Y N N N Y Y Y


Existing groundwater monitoring capabilities Groundwater Burundi DR Congo Ethiopia Kenya Rwanda South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Uganda

Water level Y N Y* Y N N N N Y

Water quality Y N Y* N Y N N N N


Sudan

Egypt

Kenya

Ethiopia

South Sudan

Uganda


Eritrea

United Republic of TanzaniaBurundi

Rwanda

0 250 500125

Kilometers

River

Lakes

Hydro meteorological stations

Country boundary

Sub-basin


River Nyamugasani at Lake Victoria inlet

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Existing data management and communication capabilities Data Management / Communication

Burundi DR Congo Ethiopia Kenya Rwanda South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Uganda

Coop-data systems N N N Y N N N N N

Auto-access N N N N N N N N N

Note: the Survey didn’t include Egypt”

The situation with respect to data man-agement and data communication capa-bilities is shown in adjacent table. None of the countries with the exception of Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania employ systematic data storage and management tools for managing the hydro-meteorological data. Only in few countries, for example in Ethi-opia, Uganda, Tanzania telemetry system has been introduced to support near-real time data transmission.

History of hydrometric monitoring stations

Uganda is a typical example of the devel-opment in national hydrometric moni-torng stations. Expansion took place in the 1950’s and lasted up to 1970’s after which a decline took place. Presently the num-bers seem rather stable, but this does not necessarily reflect an output in terms of a steady flow of reliable data.

The exception is Sudan, where measure-ment of river flow started as early as 1902. Over the years, there has been a general decline in the number of stations that are kept operational or added to the network. Graphs that show how the number of stations evolved in the last several decades are provided here for those countries for which reliable data have been obtained. It can be observed that the early 1950’s and 60’s exhibited expansion of the monitoring network as more and more stations were added. The late 1960’s and early 1970’s showed considerable increase in number of stations due to partly the implementation of the Hydromet project that was a collaboration project between countries: Egypt, DRC, Sudan, Uganda, Burundi, Rwanda.


Current Monitoring networK

The Main Nile Sub-basin: this sub-basin includes parts of Sudan and Egypt and includes, the Nile Delta, which is one of the most intensively cultivated lands in the world since millennia. The Main Nile sub-basin is the part of the Nile Basin, which receives least amount of rainfall. However, on the other hand, this is the part of Nile Basin which exhibits most of the consumptive water use. It accounts for approximately 80 percent of the total estimated water abstraction from the

Nile system for irrigation. In addition, evaporation from the High Aswan and Merowe dams account for about 13 – 14 109m3 of water per year that is approxi-mately 78 percent of all the evaporation from man-made reservoirs basin-wide. With increasing water demands under increased climatic variability, it is crucial to strengthen monitoring of water use patterns and evapo-transpiration in this part of the Nile Basin.

The Main Nile Sub-basin

Meteorological monitoring networkThere are 26 meteorological stations in Sudan within the Main Nile sub-basin. The distribution of the stations is shown

in the map below. 11 stations are reported to measure the full range of meteorolog-ical parameters and the rest 7 measure daily rainfall totals only.

Hydrometric stationsThere are 8 hydrometric stations in the sub-basin in Sudan. The number of stations in Egypt, i.e. downstream of the High Aswan Dam is not included in the survey results. The oldest station, Main Nile at Thamaniat was established in 1912 and, hence, has over 100 years of records. The ultimate downstream station before the Nile enters the High Aswan Dam is at Dongola, which was established in 1923. Three stations, namely, Tamaniat, Dongo-la, measure sediment loads in addition to

water level and discharge. A new station has been established recently at Merowe dam (commissioned in 2009).

Main issues that require strengthened monitoring in this sub-basin are water quality deterioration, sediment load and sand encroachment and water loss through river bank overflows. Dongola, Tamaniat and Hassanab stations are included in the Nile Basin Regional Hydromet Network with main strengthening required in sedi-ment and water quality monitoring.

No Name of Station1 Abu Hammad2 El Showak3 Dongola4 Karima5 Shendi6 Wadi Halfa

7 El Hudeiba8 Shambat9 Eldamer10 Gumaiza11 Merowe Dam Axis Left Bank12 Algoz13 Bauga

14 Damer15 Station no.616 Turagma17 Zeidab18 Abu hamra19 Hamrat Alsheikh20 Kogmer

21 Rabwa Station22 Shaboola23 Sodari24 Um bader25 Um Karoam26 Goz Ashger

1 Tamanyat2 Barbar

3 Merowe Bridge4 Merowe Dam Axis Downstream

5 Merowe Dam Axis Upstream6 Dongola

7 ElKuru

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Sudan

Egypt

Eritrea

Ethiopia

Main Nile

Tekeze-Atbara

White NileBlue NileBahr El Gazal

Main Nile

Wadi Al Malik

W. Habob

El Gur

Wadi Hawar

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l

W. K

uwa

W. Abu Dom

W. Amun

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Tir'at an Nubariyyah

Tirat

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W. Barkol

Tukh

Can

al

Wad

i El H

amad

0 110 22055

Kilometers

RiverTownMeteorological stations

Country boundary

Subbasin


76

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Sudan

Egypt

Eritrea

Ethiopia

Main Nile

Tekeze-Atbara

White NileBlue Nile

Bahr El Gazal

Main Nile

Wadi Al Malik

W. Habob

El Gur

Wadi Hawar

W. M

oglal

W. Ku

wa

W. Abu Dom

W. Amun

W. Okliss

Wadi Amu

Wadi Keheili

W. IotK.

Abu H

araz

Wadi El Hawad

W. Shigrib

Wadi

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gada

m

K. Abu Dueim

W. Tibna

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W.Kurmat

Tukh

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l

Wadi

El Ha

mad

W. Awatib

W. Umm Bahr

River

0 110 22055

Kilometers

Town

Hydrometeorologicalstation

Country boundary

Sub-basin


Stream gauge

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54

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24232221

2019

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1716

15 14

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121110

26

Tekeze

Atbara River

Mereb

W. Arab

Tirare

Kaza

Angereb

Meri

Werei

Gereb

Qash River

K. Amab

Uri

KAdarot

Goha

K. Garatit

Mekeza

K. Ar

ab

Melgu

Giba

K. Tikrid

Jarma

Ruwasa

K. Serobit

K. Deri

K. Derudeb

K. Asot

Bera

Sitona

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n

W. Mahaleit

K. Tohamiyam

W. Hilgi k. dern

adeb

Khor Gura

K. Umm Safa

Aykelem

K. Eig

aikwat

May Tsaida

K. Orgein

K. Mindia

Yimra

Tekeze Atbara

Blue Nile

Main Nile

White Nile

Rahad

Tekeze Atbara

Blue Nile

Dinder

Aroma

Shuwak

Berber

Atbara

Gonder

Kassala

Teseney

Ed Damir

Adi Keyh

New Halfa

Al Hawata

Dekemhare

Al Qadarif

Lake Tana

Sudan

Ethiopia

Eritrea

0 100 20050

Kilometers

RiverTown

HydrometeorologicalStation

Country Boundary

Sub-basin


The Tekeze-Atbara Sub-basin: the Tekeze-Atbara drains the highlands of central – north Ethiopia. Its main rivers are the Tekeze (also known as Setit in its lower reaches), Gwang and Atbara, which constitutes the ultimate downstream river

reaches. The long-term average annual water yield of the sub-basin is approxi-mately 12 109 m3. The rivers are highly seasonal in their flows. The rivers are used to supply water for hydropower genera-tion and irrigation. There are three dams

in the sub-basin, the TK5 in Ethiopia (commissioned in 2009), Khashm el Girba in Sudan (commissioned in 1964) and the Atbara dam complex (also known as Ru-mela-Burdana dam, not yet operational).

The Tekeze–Atbara Sub-basin

Meteorological monitoring networkThere are 136 meteorological stations in the sub-basin, with 128 of them in Ethiopia and 8 in Sudan. The distribution of the stations is shown in the map. 30 stations (26 in Ethiopia and 4 in Sudan) are reported to measure the full range of meteorological parameters and the rest 106 measure daily rainfall totals only.

Hydrometric stationsthere are 26 hydrometric stations in the sub-basin; 23 in Ethiopia and the rest 3 in Sudan. The oldest station, Atbara near Kilo 3 was established in 1923. Most stations in Ethiopia were established after the mid 1970’s. All stations measure river water level with most stations employing manual staff gauges while 8 stations in the upstream part are equipped with automat-ic water level recorders. Erosion and sed-iment transport are key processes in the sub-basin but not adequately monitored.

Strengthening sediment monitoring is one of the key areas for improving the moni-toring system in the sub-basin.

The rivers in this sub-basin are highly seasonal and water resources are scarce

compared to the current and anticipated future demands. Therefore, coordinated management of storage dams in Ethiopia and Sudan would help in reducing losses, and maximizing water use efficiency. For this purpose, a real-time data collection and communication system is required to support future coordinated management of water storage dams in Ethiopia and Sudan.

No Name of Station1 Debark2 Humera3 Metema4 Sanja5 Adwa6 Atsebi7 May Tsebri8 Maygaba9 Nebelet10 Senkata11 Shire Endasilasse12 Amde Work13 Lalibela14 Tsitsika15 Axum Air Port16 Mekele Air Port17 Adi Arkay18 Agere Genet19 Ambagiorgis20 Ashere21 Baeker22 Belesa (Hamusit)23 Chanchok24 Chenek25 Chew Ber26 Ebinat27 Endris28 Guhala29 Ibnat30 Kafta31 Mykadra32 Mekane Birhane33 Tegdie (Kirakir)34 Abi Adi35 Adiawala36 Adigoshu37 Adikilte38 Adimehemeday

39 Adiremets40 Aditsetser41 Badme42 Biezet43 Bora44 Daro Hafash45 Debrekerbe46 Dera47 Dimma48 Edaga Selus49 Edaga Hibret50 Endabaguna51 Feresmay52 Finarawa53 Gelebeda54 Gijjet55 Guroro56 Hagere Selam57 Halelo58 Hawzen59 Hewane60 Ketema Negus61 Mayhanes62 Merhsenay63 Muglat64 Rahya65 Selehelehe (IV)66 Semema67 Shiraro68 Wedisemro69 Wukuro70 Yichila71 Yiha72 Ayna Bugna73 Belebala Giyorgis74 Chilla75 Dibiko76 Esrel (Libanos)77 Gibana

78 Hamusit79 Kewzeba80 Sekota81 Telajen/Hamusit82 Zata83 Adidaro84 Dabat85 Dib Bahir86 Felwuha87 Gedebeye88 Gobgob89 Kimir Dingay90 Negadebaher91 Tikil Dengay92 Welela bahir93 Zerma94 Adidaro95 Adigudom96 Adigebru97 Adishehu98 Agibe99 Agulai100 Asegede101 Aynalem102 Chila103 Dansha104 Debud105 Dengolet106 Edaga Hamus107 Edagaribi108 Enticho109 Fatsi110 Gerehu Srnay111 Hashenge112 Haykmshal113 Rama114 Samre115 Tsegereda116 Workamba

117 Asketema118 Dabo Ketema119 Kulmesk120 Muja121 Kassala122 New Halfa123 Khashm Elgirba124 Elshwak125 Fireweini126 Shiraro127 Tekeze Hydro power128 Wad alheleo129 Aroma130 Banrt131 Degen132 Gashm algerba133 Goz Ragab134 Hadalia135 Halfa Elgadida136 Matateb137 Mekali138 Mokram139 Sidon140 Tendalayi141 Togan142 Tomorgu143 Barbar144 Doka145 ElGuraish146 Showak147 Elazaza North148 Es salama149 Hillat Hakuma150 shasheina151 Um brakeit152 Um Grgor153 Um Rahau154 Aykel

No Name1 Gendawoha near Kokit2 Atsela near Adishihu3 Goang near Metema4 Asera near Debark5 Al Asira6 Tekeze near Yechila7 Metere near Ainalem

8 Gheba near Adi Kumsi9 Dolo near Quiha10 Buya near Maitsemri11 Illala near Mekele12 Mekezo near Dansha13 Gheba near Mekele14 Tekeze near Embamadre15 Angareb near Abdi Rafi

16 Genfel at Wukro17 Worie near Maikenetal18 Sulluh near Hawsien19 Ayehida near Axum20 Maimidimar near Adwa21 Sebtta near Adidahiro22 Maidungur near Adwa23 Hamdait

24 Tekeze at Humera25 Molge near Shiraro26 Zarema at Zarema

98

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153

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150 149

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139

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122 121

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109108

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100

154

Teke

ze

Atbara River

Mereb

W. Arab

Tirare

Kaza

Angereb

Meri

Werei

Gereb

Qash River

K. Amab

Uri

KAdarot

Goha

K. Garatit

Mekeza

K. A

rab

Melgu

Giba

K. Tikrid

Jarma

Ruwasa

K. Serobit

K. Deri

K. Derudeb

K. Asot

Bera

Sitona

Durkutan

W. Mahaleit

K. Tohamiyam

k. dernadebKhor Gura

K. Umm Safa

Aykelem

K. Eig

aikwat

May Tsaida

K. Orgein

K. Mindia

Yimra

Tekeze-Atbara

Blue Nile

Main Nile

White Nile

Rahad

Tekeze Atbara

Blue Nile

Dinder

Aroma

Shuwak

Berber

Atbara

Gonder

Teseney

Ed Damir

Adi Keyh

New Halfa

Al Hawata

Dekemhare

Al Qadarif

Lake Tana

Sudan

Ethiopia

Eritrea

0 100 20050

Kilometers



Country boundary

Subbasin

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The Blue Nile river (known as Abbay in Ethiopia) drains the highlands of Ethiopia and contributes about 60 per cent of the annual flow of the Nile measured at Aswan in Egypt. The long-term average annual water yield of the sub-basin is approxi-

mately 50 BCM. The Blue Nile is highly seasonal with approximately 70 percent of its annual flow occurring in just 4 months. The Blue Nile is source of water for major irrigation schemes in the Sudan. The Blue Nile causes severe flood damages in Sudan

from time to time. The Grand Ethiopi-an Renaissance Dam (GERD) is under construction on the Blue Nile designed to store some 74 109m3. With the GERD in place, the Blue Nile will be fully regulat-ed and its downstream flow depends on

releases from the dam. This is expected to reduce flood damages significantly. There are opportunities for cross border collabo-ration on the coordinated management of the Blue Nile in which joint monitoring of river flows is an important component.

The Blue Nile Sub-basin

Meteorological monitoring networkThere are 304 meteorological stations in the sub-basin, with 286 of them in Ethio-pia and 18 in Sudan. The distribution of the stations is shown in the map below. 64

stations (53 in Ethiopia and 11 in Sudan) are reported to measure the full range of meteorological parameters and the rest 106 measure daily rainfall totals only.

Hydrometric stationsThere are 133 hydrometric stations in the sub-basin; 126 in Ethiopia and the remaining seven in Sudan. The station just downstream of Ethiopia – Sudan border, the Diem station, has a record of over 100 years and, therefore, one of the most important. However, is due to the recent heightening of the Roseries Dam in Sudan, the station at times get inundated by the back-water of the dam. Most stations in Ethiopia were established in the early 1960’s. Erosion and sediment transport are also key processes in the sub-basin but not adequately monitored.

The Blue Nile sub-basin offers one of the greatest opportunities for hydropower de-velopment in the Nile Basin. In addition,

providing over 60 percent of the average annual flow of the Nile, the Blue Nile is the major source of water for the Nile. Key focus in strengthening of hydrometric

monitoring system shall be on real-time data collection and transmission system, sediment monitoring and monitoring of river morphological changes downstream as a result of anticipated flow regimes in the sub-basin.

No Station1 Quara2 Shahura3 Adet4 Ayehu5 Birr Sheleko6 Bullen7 Chagni8 Dangila9 Debre Work10 Finoteselam11 Lay Birr12 Mankush13 Motta14 Pawe15 Bedele16 Gatira17 Alem Ketema18 Ambo Agriculture19 Debre Berhan20 Eneware21 Fiche22 Gunde Meskel23 Kachise24 Mehal Meda25 Angerguten26 Anger27 Arjo28 Dedessa29 Gidayana30 Kamashe31 Nedjo32 Shambu33 Amba Mariam34 Mekane Selam35 Wegel Tena36 Wereilu37 Gondar A.p.38 Bahir Dar New39 Debre Markos40 Nekemte41 Addis Zemen42 Amed Ber43 Chandiba44 Enfranz45 Gassay46 Kolladiba47 Maksegnit48 Mekaneyesus49 Shinfa50 Wanzaye51 Wereta (Add)52 Addis Kidame53 Almahal54 Amanueal55 Asteriyo56 Bambudi57 Bichena

58 Bure59 Dembecha60 Dengay Ber61 Dengel Ber62 Digua Tsion

(Bibugn)63 Dimma64 Durbet65 Elias66 Fasiledes67 Finoteselam68 Gilgelbeles69 Gundil70 Jawi71 Kidamaja72 Kunzila73 Liben74 Mandura75 Merawi76 Shandi77 Shebelberenta

(Yeduha)78 Simada79 Wegedade80 Wetet Abay81 Yetemen82 Zege83 Zela (Yarienja)84 Boreka85 Dembi86 Sigmo87 Agaro88 Chancho89 Debele90 Derba91 Filiklik92 Gebere Guracha93 Gohatsion94 Gudoberet95 Jeldu96 Lemi97 Meragna98 Rema99 Sarmider100 Sheno101 Siadebr102 Sululta103 Tikur Enchine104 Abadi105 Abasina Joger106 Alibo107 Bambase108 Combolcha109 Dalaty110 Embabo111 Fincha112 Gutten113 Hareto

114 Mendi115 Neshi116 Odda Bildigulu117 Sherekole118 Sibusire119 Uke120 Wayu121 Debre Zebit122 Debre Zeit123 Degollo124 Densa125 Gashena126 Gimba127 Gishe Rabel128 Gishen129 Guguftu130 Kabie131 Kone132 Koreb133 Ligwama134 Masha135 Saynt Adjibar136 Shoga137 Wegidi138 Kon Abo139 Ambesame140 Arb Gebeya

(Dera)141 Arb Gebeya

(Gaint)142 Aymba143 Chewahit144 Delgi145 Dera Hamusite146 Koma Fasiledos147 Korata148 Lewaye149 Licha150 Shembekit151 Yifag152 Abay Sheleko153 Addis Alem154 Andassa155 Aneded (Amber)156 Askuna157 Azana158 Baruda159 Chara160 Chimba161 Debre Zeit162 Dejen163 Dibate164 Enjabara165 Felege Berhan166 Feres Bet167 Genetabo168 Geregera169 Gesengessa

170 Gimijabet Mariam171 Gulback172 Gundo Woin173 Kembaba174 Keranio175 Kessa176 Kuy177 Lumamme178 Mambuk179 Mankusa180 Menta Wuha181 Merto Lemariam182 Meshenti183 Quarit184 Rob Gebeya185 Sebader186 Sekela187 Tilili188 Tis Abay189 Urana190 Wadeyesus191 Yechereka192 Yejube193 Yesemala194 Yetnora195 Zenzelema196 Abdela197 Bido198 Debena199 Gechi200 Kone201 Setema202 Yambero203 Yanfa204 Babu205 Boto206 Choche207 Dame208 Gembe209 Semodo210 Setema211 Somodo212 Toba213 Arb Bila214 Chacha215 Debre Tsige216 Degem217 Deneba218 Enchini219 Fetra220 Fital221 Gimbi Bila222 Gubre223 Harodoyo224 Jara225 Jihur226 Kotu227 Muger

228 Muke Turi229 Seladingai230 Serkulla231 Shekute232 Toke Erenso233 Wegere234 Zemro235 Agallo Mitti236 Amba 10237 Amba 16238 Arbgebeya239 Dedessa River240 Ehud Gebeya241 Gebete242 Getema243 Gizen244 Haro245 Homi246 Jarso247 Jermet248 Kiltukara249 Kiramu250 Kokeffe251 Kone252 Menge253 Mukelemi254 Muletadiga255 Sasiga256 Werejiru257 Ajibar (Add)258 Akesta259 Ancharo260 Dawunt (Chet)261 Dessie Zuria Met262 Estayish263 Genete Sch264 Gerado265 Geregera266 Gobiye267 Gosh-Meda268 Kelem Meda269 Kellela270 Kundi271 Kutaber272 Tebasit273 Tenta Tateke Sch274 Wein-Amba275 Hena276 Teleyayen277 Abu Naama278 Sennar279 Umm Benin280 Wad Medani281 Ed Damazine282 Khartoum283 El Gadaref284 Elgezira285 Roseires

286 Singa287 Cheffa288 Simada289 Yetenora290 Sher. Gizen (W)291 Dendar292 Dender293 Karkoj294 Kassab295 Sennar Town296 Singa297 Tozi298 Ubhugar299 Wad Alneal300 Abu Kshma301 Abu Sharaba302 Almatna303 Kagai304 Leiya305 Hugerat306 Rabak307 Ummsigan308 Wad En Na’em309 Wd Alkali310 Basunda311 Elfaw312 Elhawata313 G.enahal314 Gadamblyia315 Mafaza316 W.eshaair317 Elhory318 Elmetna319 Gadamblyia

South320 Samsam321 Um Blail322 Um Leiyon323 Debre Tabor

No Station1 Urgessa near Gembe2 Temsa near Agaro3 Didessa near Dembi4 Dabana near

Bunobedele5 Didessa near Arjo6 Wama near Nekemte7 Melke near Guder8 Sifa near Nekemte9 Bello near Guder10 Fatto near Guder11 Indris at Guder12 Guder at Guder13 Huluka near Ambo14 Debis nearGuder15 Dabana near Abasina16 Tato near Gutie17 Indris near Sire18 Adiya near Nekemte19 Gerbi near Sululta20 Roba near Chancho21 Deneba near Chancho22 Mugher near Chancho23 Uke near Nekemte24 Aleltu near Chancho25 Gorfo near Gorfo26 Angar near Nekemte27 Dilla near Nedjo28 Tinshu Duber near

Duber29 Tilku Duber near Duber

30 Aleltu at Nedjo31 Little Ang at Angar

Gutin32 Chacha at Chacha33 Komis near Gori34 Koriche near Kiltu Kara35 Hujur near Nedjo36 Robi Jida near Muka

Ture37 Aleltu near Muka Ture38 Beressa near Debre

Berhan39 Sechi nearMendi40 Mutsa near Bambasi41 Neshi near Shambo42 Robigumero near Lemi43 Dabus near Asosa44 Jemma near Lemi45 Haffa near Assosa46 Gambella near Asossa47 Jemma at Abay

Confluence48 Abay at Kessi Bridge49 Wenchit near Alem

Ketema50 Hoha near Asossa51 Muga near Dejen52 Wizer near Mehal Meda53 Yeda near Amber54 Bogena at Lumame55 Shy near Mehal Meda56 Chemoga near

Debremarkos57 Abahim at

Debremarcos58 Jedeb near Ama Nuel59 Teme near Mota60 Suha near Bichena61 Gebregura. near

Degolo62 Shelkole near

Komosha63 L. Fettam at Galibed64 Temcha near

Dembecha65 Gudla at Dembecha66 Jogola at Wereilu67 Abbay near Bure68 Chereka at Yechereka69 Birr near Jiga70 Leza near Jiga71 Abay at Shergole

Cableway RGS72 Lah near Finote Selam73 Mechela near Kabe74 Boreda near

Mekaneselam75 Selgi near Kabe76 Lege Cora near

Mekaneselam77 Talia near Jiga78 Fettam at Tilile79 Tigdar nearGunde

Woin

80 Dondor near Metekel81 Missini at Kossober82 Ardy near Metekel83 Ayo near Kossober84 Azuari near Mota85 Abay at Mekane

Selam-Gundewein Br.86 Abay at Yarenga

Bridge87 Dura near Metekel88 Buchiksi near

Kidamaja89 Sedie near Mota90 Abbay near Kessie91 Gerado near Dessie92 Abay at El Delm93 Gilgel Be. near

Mandura94 Tul near Adet95 Quashini near Addis

Kidame96 Abbay at Sudan Border97 Eldeim98 Main Beles at Bridge99 Shina near Adiet100 Amen at Dangila101 Main Bele at Bridge DS

of Bagusta102 Gelgel Abbay near

Marawi103 Koga at Merawi104 Bered at Merewi

105 Ezana near Bahirdar106 Mendel near Tis Abbay107 Andassa near Bahir

Dar108 Lake Tana at Bahir Dar109 Abbay at Bahir Dar110 Abbay near Pedagogi111 Chena near Istay112 Wenka near Istay113 Fegoda near Arb

Gebeya114 Gelda near Ambessame115 Roseries116 Ribb near Gasai117 Gumara near Bahir Dar118 Zufil near Debre Tabor119 Lake Tana at Kunzila120 Ribb near Addis Zemen121 Upper Ribb On

DebreTabor Road122 Lake Tana at Gorgora123 Garno near Infranz124 Gemero near

Maksegnit125 Megech near Azezo126 Angareb near Gonder127 Wad Eleis128 Gewesi129 Hawata130 Madani131 Khartoum132 Yebu at Yebu

98 7

65

4

3

2 1

999897 96 9594

9392 91

9089888786 85848382

8180 7978

7776

75

7473

727170

69

6867

666564

6362 616059

58 57

5655

5453

52

5150

49

48

4746 45 44

4342

4140 393837

3635

34 3332

3130 29

2827 26 2524

23 22

2120

1918

171615 14

13

1211 10

131

130

129128

127

126

125124

123122121120

119118

117116

115

114113 112

111

110

109108

107106

105104103

102101100

132

Lake Tana

Blue Nile

Tekeze Atbara

White Nile

Baro-Akobo-Sobat

Main Nile

Ethiopia

Sudan

Eritrea

South Sudan

Blue Nile

Beles

Didesa

Dabu

s

Jema

ElRahad River

Dinder

Muger

Dindir River

Hanger

Beshilo

Gude

r

Jita

Wench

it

Dila

Shinfa

Finc

ha

K. Kenana

Debena

Weleka

Rahad

Gelege

Chacha

Zita

K. Abu Sana

K. El Aqahin

Cheye

Jira

Mitisi

W. Abu Qanafid

K. El Garia

Gerado

Et Ta

mad

a

K. et

Taro

ba

K. Mugdu

Dula

Anonu

K. Abu Tabub

Baro

Rahad

Blue Nile

Dinder

Akobo

White Nile

Sobat

Tekeze Atbara

Pibor

0 70 14035

Kilometers

RiverTown


Country boundary

Sub-basin


9

8

7

654

3

2

1

9998

97

96

95

94

9392

91

90

89

88

8786

85

84

83

82

81

80

79

78

77

76

7574

73

72

71

70

69

68

67

66

65

64

63

62

61

60

59

58

57

56 55

54

53

52

51

50

49

48

4746

45

4443

42

41

40

39

38

37

36

35

34

33

32

31

30

29

28

27

2625

24

23

22

2120

19

18

17

16

15

14

13

12

11

10

322

321

320

319

318

317

316

315

314313

312

311

310

309

308

307

306

305

304

303

302

301

300

299

298

297

296

295294

293

292

291

290

289

288

287

286

285

284

283

282

281

279

278

277

276

275

274

273

272

271270

269

268

267

266

265

264

263

262

261

260

259

258

257

256

255

254

253

252

251

250

249

248247

246

245

244243

242

241

240

239

238

237

236 235

234233

232

231

230

229

228227226

225

224

223

222221

220

219

218

217

216

215 214

213

212

211

210

209

208

207

206

205204

203202

201

200

199198

197196

195

194

193

192

191

190

189

188

187 186

185 184

183

182

181180179

178

177176

175174

173

172

171

170

169

168

167 166165

164

163

162161

160

159

158

157

156

155

154

153

152

151

150

149148

147

146

145

144

143

142

141140

139 138

137

136

135

134

133

132

131

130129

128

127

126

125

124

123

122

121

120

119

118

117

116

115114

113

112

111

110

109

108

107

106

105

104

103

102

101

100

323Lake Tana

Blue Nile

Tekeze Atbara

White Nile

Baro Akobbo Sobat

Main Nile

Ethiopia

Sudan

Eritrea

South Sudan

Blue Nile

Beles

Didesa

Dabu

s

Jema

ElRahad River

Dinder

Muger

Dindir River

Hanger

Besh

ilo

Guder

Jita

Wenchit

Dila

Shinfa

Fincha

K. Kenana

Debena

Weleka

Rahad

Gelege

Chacha

K. Abu Sana

K. El Aqahin

Cheye

Jira

Mitisi

W. Abu Qanafid

K. El Garia

Et Ta

mad

a

K. et

Taro

ba

K. Mugdu

Albe

da

Kola (Dinder)

K. Abu Tabub

BaroRahad

Blue Nile

Dinder

Akobo

White Nile

Sobat

Tekeze

Pibor

0 70 14035

Kilometers


Country boundary

Subbasin


Ground water level monitoring station

phot

o: N

ile-S

EC


Hydrometric stationsThe only station that is operational is White Nile at Malakal. The station is close to of Malakal town just downstream of the Sobat – White Nile confluence. Historical-ly, there were four additional stations but they were not operational at the time of the survey conducted in 2014.

The White Nile is an important source of

water, especially during the dry season (November – May/June), when the Blue Nile and other tributaries from the Ethi-opian highlands are at their lowest levels. Therefore, rehabilitating the non-func-tioning stations in the sub-basin is urgently required. The Nile Basin regional Hydromet system has included the station at Malakal (Renk) and the station d/s of Jebel Awlia dam as regional stations.

The White Nile contributes about 25 – 26 109m3 to the Main Nile measured just up-stream of the White – Blue Nile confluence in Khartoum. It receives water from rivers that drain the Equatorial Lakes region of the Nile Basin and which pass through a

series of natural lakes and swamps. As a result, the White Nile provides a relatively more uniform seasonal flow compared to the Blue Nile and Tekeze-Atbara rivers. The White Nile provides long navigable reaches due to its flat slope and stable flow.

The White Nile Sub-basin

Meteorological monitoring networkThere are 36 meteorological stations in the sub-basin, with 30 of them in Sudan, four in Ethiopia and two in South Sudan. The distribution of the stations is shown in the

map below. 8 stations (five in Sudan and three in Ethiopia) are reported to measure the full range of meteorological parame-ters and the remaining 22 measure daily rainfall totals only.

No Name Of Station1 Begi2 Kurmuk3 Famesetre4 Malakal5 Renk6 Ed Dueim7 Kosti8 El Obeid9 Rashad10 Elobeid11 Rabak12 Aldali13 J.mazmoum14 J.sagdi15 Abu Gubeiha16 Um Kouka17 Jabal Biut18 Jabal Moui

19 Um Hani20 Aba21 Abger22 Abu Harira23 Dubasi24 El Neima25 Elakaf26 El-Kawa27 Elsheikh Essaddig28 Es Sufi29 Esh Shageig30 Fashashoya31 Fatisa32 Fawar33 Geteina34 Goda35 Goz Khadra36 Hashaba37 Helba

38 Hellat Abbas39 Idd El`Ud40 Istarahna41 Istarahna42 J Megeneis43 Jebelein44 Kerikera45 Rahama46 Shabasha47 Showal48 Toba49 Tuweimat50 Ub Guta51 Umm Dueina52 Umm Suneint53 Umm’udam54 Ureik55 Wad Alzaki56 Wad Bashkar

57 Wad El Burr58 Wad El Umarbi59 Wad Ezzein60 Wad Figad61 Wad Hilal62 Wad Nimir63 Wad Nu’man64 Wakara65 Zubeir66 Zuleit (1)67 Algalah68 Almashtal69 Elban Gadid70 Elsemaih71 Gabrat Elshaikh72 Khur Taget73 Muzdalifa74 Namlah75 Obeid Albusta

76 Rifee Um Rawaba77 Shekan78 Shirkela79 Shirkela Um Aush80 Tareg Almashea81 Ubo Grain82 Um Dam Haj Ahmed83 Um Garfa84 Um Ramad85 Um Saigaoon86 Ummsiyala87 Wd Ashana88 Abu Habel89 Alaen90 Alrahed91 Um Kadada92 Assosa

No Name1 Khor Adar2 Melut

9

87

6

5

4

3

2

1

91

90

89

88

87

86

85

84

83

82

8180

79

7877

76

75

74

73

72

71

70

69

68

67

66

65

64

63

62

61

60

59

58

5756

55

54

53

52

51

50

49

48

47

46

45

44

43

42

41 40

39

38

3736

35

34

3332

31

30

29

28

27

26

25

24

23

22

21

20

1918

17

16

15

14

13

12

1110

92

K. Daga

K. A

hmar

K. Qarad

K. Es Samaa

K. Omol

K. Jur

K. Yabus

K. Sikaran

K. ta

ndik

K. Adar

W. El Luqud

Khor Abo Habil

K. Aradaib

K. Tira

K. Abu Tuleih

W. Zaid

Khor Adar

K. man

yang

K. Mariok

K. Su

ngala

Deke

K. Barok

K. Nymwai

K. Bibban

K. Abu Dirs

K. Kuterira

K. Wehfet

K. El Ghareib

K. Al A

rda

K.Sa

farir

K. If

aetis

K. Mala

bak

K. Umako

K. Et Talha

K. Umm

Balila

Sudan

South Sudan Ethiopia

White Nile

Blue Nile

Main Nile

Bahr El Gazal

Bahr El Jebel

Baro-Akobo-Sobat

Sobat

Baro

Whi

te N

ile Blue Nile

Dind

er

Bahr

el Z

eraf

Rahad

Tanj

Jur

Bahr el G

hazal

Bara

Dalang

Talawdi

Malakal

Kadugli

Omdurman

Tandalti

Khartoum

Al Hawata

Abu Zabad

Al Manaqil

Umm Ruwabah

0 90 18045

Kilometers


Country boundary

Subbasin


Automatic weather station

phot

o: N

ile-S

EC

Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP )

2

1

White Nile

K. Daga

K. Ah

mar

K. Qarad

K. Es Samaa

K. Omol

K. Jur

K. Yabus

K. Sikaran

K. tandik

K. Adar

W. El Luqud

Khor Abo Habil

K. Aradaib

K. Tira

K. Abu Tuleih

W. Zaid

Khor Adar

K. many

ang

K. Mariok

K. Sun

gala

Deke

K. Barok

K. Nymwai

K. Bibban

K. Abu Dirs

K. Kuterira

K. Wehfet

K. El Ghareib

K. Al Arda

K.Safa

rir

K. Ifa

etis

K. Mala

bak

K. Umako

K. Umm Balila

Sudan

South SudanEthiopia

White Nile

Main Nile

Bahr El Gazal

Bahr El Jebel

Baro-Akobo-Sobat

Sobat

Baro

White Nile

Blue Nile

Dinde

r

Bahr

el Ze

raf

Rahad

Tanj

Jur

Bahr el G

hazal

Bara

Kosti

Dalang

Talawdi

Malakal

Kadugli

Omdurman

Tandalti

Er Rahad

El Obied

Khartoum

Al Hawata

Ad Duwaym

Abu Zabad

Wad Medani

Al Manaqil

Umm Ruwabah

Al Qutaynah

0 90 18045

Kilometers

RiverTown


Country boundary

Sub-basin



The Baro-Akobo-Sobat sub-basin is shared by Ethiopia and South Sudan. Its major rivers are the Baro, Akobo and Pibor. The Baro, after joined by Akobo and Pibor makes the Sobat that flows to

the northwest to join the Bahr el Jebel and eventually form the White Nile. The annu-al water yield of the Sobat is approximate-ly 12- 13 109m3. The reach of the Baro and Sobat downstream of Gambella town (in

Ethiopia) is navigable. A key feature of the hydrology of the sub-basin is that its rivers (especially in the lower reaches) flow over flat surface with meandering patterns creating complex interactions with sur-

rounding floodplains. The spill from the Baro river into the Machar marshes (in the White Nile Sub-basin) is one of naturally occurring transfer of water into a neigh-boring catchment.

The Baro-Akobo-Sobat Nile Sub-basin

Meteorological monitoring networkThere are 78 meteorological stations in the sub-basin – all in Ethiopia. The distri-bution of the stations is shown in the map below. 17 stations are reported to measure

the full range of meteorological param-eters. Most stations are in the highlands with very few of the stations located in the lower plains of the sub-basin in Ethiopia.

Hydrometric stationsthere are 28 stations in the sub-basin (27 in Ethiopia and 1 in South Sudan). More than half of the stations in Ethiopia were established in 1980’s and, therefore, have short records. Breaks in records often pose additional challenges in using such short records.

The hydrometric network of this sub-basin is far from adequate. The sub-basin,

especially in its lower reaches exhibit highly complex hydrology in which the rivers at time bifurcate and join back the main stem and floodplains and swamps interact with the river flows. The Hy-drometric network in this sub-basin requires strengthening with additional data collection through remote sensing to adequately understand the hydrology of the sub-basin.

No Name of Station1 Abobo2 Alge3 Bure4 Fugnido5 Gambela6 Hurumu7 Jikawo (Lare)8 Masha9 Tepi10 Aman11 Jeba12 Ayira13 Dembidolo14 Gimbi15 Shebel16 Gore17 Abol18 Aliyadora19 Baro Bonga

20 Becho21 Bitta Genet22 Darimu (Dopa)23 Eliadora24 Fugo Leka25 Gnignang26 Gobe27 Gog28 Itang29 Kidame Gebaya30 Meko31 Metu Hospital32 Nopa33 Puchala34 Soretefasese35 Supe36 Tinishu Miti37 Uka38 Yadota39 Yayo (Dorani)

40 Guraferda (Biftu)41 Koy42 Mizan Teferi43 Alemteferi44 Dengoro45 Gidame46 Guliso47 Lalo Kelle48 Mechara49 Mugi50 Nolekaba51 Qaqi52 Seko Humbi53 Yubdo54 Bechi55 Bilambilo56 Bontu57 Chora58 Dega59 Didu Gordomo

60 Dippa61 Fide62 Gecha63 Gubete64 Kura65 Menko Lencho66 Sibo67 Wetete (TP)68 Yeki69 Yembo70 Ermichi71 Shewa Gimira72 Yina73 Chanka74 Enango75 Figakobra76 Kebe77 Rob Gebeya (Kel)78 Lare

No Name1 U. Akobo Nr. Dima2 Berhan Nr. Bebeka Farm3 Gacheb Nr. Mizan Tefri4 Begwuha Nr. Tepi5 Bitinwuha Nr. Tepi6 Beko(Shoha Nr. Tepi7 Gengi Nr.Gecha

8 Gilo Nr. Pignudo9 Awero at Dam/Dumbong

Village10 Upper Baro Nr. Masha11 Gumero Nr.Gore12 Bonga Nr. Bonga13 Uka @ Uka14 Baro @ Itang

15 Baro @ Bonga16 Baro @ Gambella17 Sore Nr. Metu18 Agami Nr. Ashi19 Geba Nr. Suppi20 Eilika Nr. Supe21 Meti Nr. Dembidolo22 Keto Nr. Chanka

23 Cherecha Nr. Chanka24 Merdefa Nr. Alem Teferi25 Kuni Nr. Chanka26 Birbir Nr. Yubdo27 Ouwa Nr. Guliso28 Hillet Dolieb

South Sudan

Ethiopia

Kenya

Uganda

Sudan

9

8

76

5

4

3

2

1

78

77

76 7574

73

72

71

70

69

68

6766

65

6463

62

61

60

59

58

57

56

55

54

53

52

51

50

49

48

47

46

45

44

43

42

41

40

39

38

37

36

35

34

33

3231

30

29

28

27

26

252423

22

21

2019

1817

16

15

14

13

12

11

10

Gilo

Baro

R. Pib

or

Alwero

Koji

Akobo

R. Sobat

Geba

Birbir

Dima

K. Na

naam

K. Fullis

Ubela

K. Fullus

k. Abara

Beko

Goda

re

R. Agawi

K. Din

g

Duchi

Golo

K. Kwanjor

Usen

Juba

Torit

Kitgum

Malakal

0 60 12030

Kilometers


Country boundary

Sub-basin


9

87

654

3

2

1

28

27

2625

242322

21 20

1918

17161514 13

1211

10

South Sudan

Ethiopia

Kenya

Uganda

Sudan

Gilo

Baro

R. Pib

or

Alwero

Koji

Akobo

R. Sobat

Geba

Birbir

Dima

K. Na

naam

K. Fullis

Ubela

K. Fullus

k. Abara

Beko

Goda

re

R. Agawi

K. Din

g

Duchi

Golo

K. Kwanjor

Usen

Juba

Torit

Kitgum

Malakal

0 60 12030

Kilometers

RiverTown


Country boundary

Sub-basin



The Bahr el Jebel sub-basin has one of most complex hydrology in the Nile Basin. The Sudd system of wetlands, the second largest freshwater wetland in the World, is a key feature of the sub-basin. The main river, Bahr el Jebel, has river flow records since the beginning of the 20th century. However, due to conflicts in South Sudan, river gauging was interrupted for more than 20 years.

The Bahr el Jebel Sub-basin

Meteorological monitoring networkThere are six meteorological stations in the sub-basin; five in Uganda and one in

South Sudan. Only three full met stations are available in the entire sub-basin.

Hydrometric stationsThere are 4 stations in the sub-basin (3 in South Sudan and 1 in Uganda). The sta-tions in South Sudan are Bahr el Jebel at Mongala and Bor while the single station in Uganda is at Laropi. Three stations are not sufficient for this sub-basin.

The hydrology of the Bahr el Jebel sub-basin has been the subject of many investigation

in the past. However, there is a gap in the understanding of the interaction between the river system and the system of wet-lands in the sub-basin. Severe flooding has caused huge damages in recent years but the monitoring infrastructure is nowhere near adequate. The sub-basin requires a system of monitoring that employs ground-based as well as remote sensing supported data collection and transmission.

No Name of Station1 Juba2 Torit

3 Yei4 Bor5 Gulu met station

6 Kitgum Centre Vt

No Name of Staion1 R. Albert Nile at Laropi

2 Juba3 Mongalla

3

2

1

South Sudan

Uganda

Sudan

Ethiopia

Kenya

DR Congo

Bahr el Jebel

White Nile

Baro-Akobo-Sobat

Bahr el Ghazal

Victoria Nile

Lake Albert

Aswa

Bahr El Jebel

Pager

Agag

o

K. Gumgum

K. Ding

Bahar E

l Zeref

K. Kir

UnyamaAyugiK. Amwoin

K. Hagaral

R. Agaid

Nyimur

Chap

edi

Ajan

K. El

Lodie

i

K. Dyang

Aring

a

Albert Nile

Awuch

R. Pibor

Awero

Adidi

Arua

Gulu

Juba

Torit

Kitgum

Rumbek

Malakal

0 60 12030

Kilometers

RiverTown


Country boundary

Sub-basin


6

5

4

3

2

1

South Sudan

Uganda

Sudan

Ethiopia

Kenya

D R Congo

Bahr el Jebel

White Nile

Baro-Akobo-Sobat

Bahr el Ghazal

Victoria NileLake Albert

Blue Nile

Aswa

Bahr El Jebel

Pager

Agag

o

K. Gumgum

K. Ding

Bahar

Ez Za

raf

K. Kir

UnyamaAyugi

K. Amwoin

K. Hagaral

R. Agaid

Nyimur

Chap

edi

Ajan

K. E

l Lod

iei

K. Dyang

Okur

a

Albert Nile

Awuch

R. Pibor

Awero

Adidi

Arua

Gulu

Juba

Torit

Kitgum

Rumbek

Malakal

0 60 12030

Kilometers


Country boundary

Subbasin


Wind vane

Water level readerphot

o: N

ile-S

EC

phot

o: V

ivia

n Na

byon

ga


The Bahr el Ghazal Sub-basin drains is shared by South Sudan and Sudan. It has an area comparable to the Blue Nile but with very small outflow. The main river, Bahr el Ghazal, flows and joins the Bahr el Jebel downstream of Lake No.

The Bahr el Ghazal Sub-basin

Meteorological monitoring networkThere are 14 meteorological stations in the sub-basin; two in South Sudan and 12 in Sudan. Nine stations are full met stations.

Hydrometric stationsThere is only one station in the sub-ba-sin – on a tributary of the river at Wau in South Sudan. The map below shows the location of the station. The table adjacent to the map provides the list of hydrometric stations that were available but not oper-ational and those newly proposed as part of strengthening the monitoring system in South Sudan.

The Bahr el Ghazal is the least monitored sub-basin in the Nile Basin. As a result, the hydrology of the sub-basin is not well understood although indications are that the sub-basin has considerable water resources potential. A combination of ground – and remote sensing based obser-vations of hydro-meteorological parame-ters are needed for the long-term sustain-able management of the water resources of the sub-basin.

No Name of Station1 YAMBIO2 RUMBEK3 Wau4 KUAJOK5 Raga6 AWEIL7 BENTIU8 Alradoom9 RADOM10 BURAM

11 ABU MATARIG12 UMM SIKEINAT13 Kadugli14 tulus15 ABUGABRA16 Babanusa17 ABU HEMEID18 EL-DEAIN19 Gazala gawazat20 EID EL-GANAM21 MUHAGRIA

22 ET TOMAI23 Neyala24 Nyala25 DANKOG26 Elodaiah27 EL-TEWAISHA28 KAS29 Giraih Elsarha30 En Nahud31 KALOKITING32 KUNGAR

33 WAFA’A34 TORA TONGA35 MALEMM36 Wd Bunda37 SUNI38 Elmazroob39 Alkhowi40 Eial Bakhit41 El Fasher42 El Fasher

Note: All Hydrometric stations in Bahr el Ghazal are not operational1 Rumbek

2 Gel

2

1

Bahr el Ghazal

Main Nile

Bahr el Jebel

White Nile

Sudan

South Sudan

D R Congo

R. Ge

l

Bahr El Arab

R. Lol

R. Boro

R. So

po

R. Busseri

R. Ib

ba

R. Sue

R. Biri

R. Wa

u

River

Sue

Wadi

Al Gh

alla

R. Raga

R. llu

River Tan

j

K. Ku

ru

R. lbba

K. Teih

River

Jur

K. Gulnum

K. Gama

R. Tuj

u

W. El Khadaior Buneikat

R. N

aam

K. Bib

i

K. Yabo

K. Gu

lnam

R. N

umat

inna

R. Pongo

K. Meze

R. Ku

ru or

Chel

W. El Ku

R. B

iki

W. Ibra

K. W

ohke

R. Ji

or Po

ngo

Ba River

K. Lesi

K. Iya

K. Ibb

a

K.Moa

R. Mb

ungu

K. Yubo

Simbi

K. Igi

K. Yak

umi

Mekki

K. Ngoia

K.Ngomi

K. Rubu

R. Lin

gusi

W. Ab

u ger

naan

K. Fadyit

K. M,Bo

loko

Bahr

El Gh

azal

River

Sue o

r Jur

R. Makedik

K. Maridi

K. Zumbi

K. Vo

rulum

u

Kar Mayen

Aweil

Nyala

Kutum

Yambio

Sodari

Rumbek

Mellit

Muglad

Tambura

Talawdi

El Obied

Al Fashir

Abu Zabad

0 120 24060

Kilometers

RiverTown


Country boundary

Sub-basin


98

7

65

4

3

2

1

4241

40

393837 36

3534 33

3231

30

2928

27

2625

24

2322 21

20 1918 17 16

1514 1312 11

10

Bahr el Ghazal

Main Nile

Bahr el Jebel

White NileSudan

South Sudan

DR Congo

R. G

el

Bahr El Arab

R. Lol

R. Boro

R. S

opo

R. Busseri

R. Ib

ba

R. Sue

R. Biri

R. W

au

Rive

r Sue

Wadi

Al G

halla

R. Rag

a

R. ll

u

River Tanj

K. K

uru

R. lbba

K. Teih

Rive

r Jur

W. El ku

K. Gulnum

K. Gama

R. Tu

ju

W. El Khadaior Buneikat

R. N

aam

K. B

ibi

K. Yabo

K. G

ulna

mR. N

umat

inna

R. Pongo

K. Meze

R. K

uru

or C

hel

W. El Ku

R. B

iki

W. Ibra

K. W

ohke

R. J

i or P

ongo

Ba River

K. Lesi

K. Iy

a

K. Ib

ba

K.Mo

a

R. M

bung

u

R. Ji

K. Yubo

Simbi

K. Igi

K. Ya

kum

i

Mekki

K. Ngoia

K.Ngomi

K. Rubu

R. Li

ngus

i

W. A

bu g

erna

an

K. Fadyit

K. M,B

oloko

Bahr

El G

haza

l

Rive

r Sue

or J

ur

R. Makedik

K. Maridi

K. Zumbi

K. V

orul

umu

Aweil

Nyala

Kutum

Yambio

Sodari

Rumbek

Mellit

Muglad

Tambura

Talawdi

El Obied

Al Fashir

Abu Zabad

0 120 24060

Kilometers


Country boundary

Sub-basin


Dry river bed in South Sudan

phot

o: A

rsen

ie C

osea

c/Fl

ickr


Hydrometric stationsThere are 18 hydrometric stations in the sub-basin. The map below shows the location of the stations. The table adjacent to the map provides the list of hydrometric stations that were active at the time of the survey in 2014.

Improved monitoring of Lake Albert and

Edward outflows would enhance under-standing of the interaction between Victo-ria Nile and the Lake outflow.

Water quality monitoring in upper parts of the sub-basin requires emphasis in order to monitor and potentially avert pollution risks from oil exploration efforts there.

The Lake Albert Sub-basin is shared by DR Congo and Uganda. The sub-basin has three main lakes, Edward, Albert and George. Victoria Nile is regulated in part by the outflow from the lake. The sub-ba-sin is an area of oil exploration and, hence, water quality and quantity monitoring is very important for sustainable manage-ment of the water resources.

The Lake Albert Sub-basin

Meteorological monitoring networkThere are 29 meteorological stations in the sub-basin; all in Uganda.11 stations

are full met stations. The distribution of the stations is shown in the map below.

No Name1 Bukombo2 Isale Vuhovi3 Rumangabo4 Ugongo5 BUNGWE-PNILP6 SHINGIRO7 Fort Portal8 Koboko St. Charles L9 Abi Estate10 Olovu11 Lokiragodo12 Manibe Omuazire13 Ovujo14 Arua Central Govt

Prison15 Wandi BAT Uganda Ltd16 Yumbe Hospital

(Aringa)17 Ladonga VFM18 Moyo Boma19 Terego Dispensary20 Obongi Dispensary21 Upupe Dispensary -

Arua22 Otrevu23 Utumbari - Arua24 Ivu25 Mount Kei Forest

Station26 Adjumani Prisons Farm27 Bileafe Tobacco Station28 Kuluva29 Payidha30 Warr Dispensary31 Nyapea St.Aloysius32 Usi Forest Station -

Nebbi33 Lendu Forest Station34 Nyara TWGCS

35 Buliisa Gomborora Hqs36 Okollo Dispensary37 Pakwach Dispensary38 Rhino Camp Dispensary39 Goli African.Inland.40 Nebbi UTC41 Anaka42 Kabalega Falls43 Wangkwar Camp44 Wairingo River Camp45 Erusi Forest Station46 Pokwero Group Farm47 Wadelai WDD48 Rwebisengo49 Kyangwali50 Mugalike WFM51 Kasonga HM52 Dwoli Estate53 Busingiro Forest54 Nyamageta Estate55 Kinyala Estate56 Kizirafumbi57 Kabwoya58 Kiryanga Gombolola59 Nyabyeya60 Kigorobya61 Biseruka62 Bugoma CFR63 Bugambe Tea Estate64 Rwabikondo Estate65 Nyamolobyo Estate66 Siba67 Kihonda Estate68 Wampanga Forest

Station69 Kinyala Sugar Scheme

B70 Kisindi Group Farm71 Kigumba Farm72 Muntme Fatima Parish

73 Mpondwe Customs Post74 Nyabirongo75 Nyamugasani76 Bwera77 Bundibujo78 Butiti79 Kahangi Estate80 Kilchooney Estate81 Nyakasura School82 Bugoye83 Kagadi Gombololo84 Kisomoro85 Nkoma86 Bigodi87 Matiri88 Nyaruru89 Kyembogo Farm90 Virika School91 Kyenjojo92 Kijura Tea Factory93 Yeriya Estate94 Mugusu Estate95 Chakatimba Estate96 Muhokya Toro Limeco

Ltd97 Isunga Estate98 Kilembe Mines99 Sebutole100 Kyehara II101 Bulemba102 Kikumiro V103 Mobuku HEP104 Itwara C.F.R.105 Ruimi Prison Farm106 Kiburara107 Mubuku\Sebwe Irr

Scheme108 Kahangi Estate109 Bihanga prison Farm110 Rwebitaba Tea Res

Station111 Kanyawara112 Bundibugyo Cocoa Devt113 Kyenjojo 1st Order

Station114 Mubuku Giant prison

Farm115 Kinyamasika TTC116 Kakumiro Variety TC117 Buyanja (Buyaga)118 Kyegegwa119 Nyakibale120 Katwe121 Kanungu122 Rukungiri Dispensary123 Bugangari Dispensary124 Myeya125 Burema126 Rulind Swamp Inlet127 Kihihi Tractor Hire128 Kitahulira Forest

Station129 Uganda Institute of

Ecology - Kasese130 Kaniabizo131 Ishasha River Camp132 Rwashamaire133 Bunyaruguru WFM134 Bushenyi135 Kitabi Seminary136 Nyabusozi Saza Hqs137 Kicheche138 Kalinzu Forest139 Kanoni Gombolola Hqs140 Mitoma141 Ibanda142 Tufmac Kasenyi143 Ankole Tea Company144 Kazo Sub County145 Bushenyi Agromet

Station146 Rubirizi Saza Hqs147 Kisoro Police Station148 Mutolere Sen Sec

School149 Karengere Pyrethrum

Plant150 Kisizi Health Centre151 Bufundi Dispensary152 Bwama Island153 Bukimbiri154 Rubaya Dispensary155 Chananke156 Kashambya157 Nyarushanje Agric

Centre158 Rushanga Forest

Station159 Ruhiza Forest Station160 Sabinio Forest Station161 Echuya Forest Station162 Muko Forest Station163 Kitanga164 Mparo Dispensary165 Rwomuhororo - Mbar-

ara166 Pachwa Hydromet

Station167 Kinyara Sugar - Masindi168 Kashwa Primary School

- Mbararara169 Rhino Camp Ginnery -

Arua170 Nyamugasani - Ka-

barole171 Kamuli High School -

Kamuli172 Bogoro

No Name1 R. Mitano at Kanungu - Rwensama2 R. Chambura at Kichwamba3 L. Edward at Katwe4 R. Nyamugasani at Katwe - Zaire5 L. George at Kasenyi6 Nyamugasani

7 R. Mpanga at Fort Portal - Ibanda Road8 R. Mpanga at Kampala - Fort Portal Road9 Muzizi10 R. Nkussi at Kyenjojo - Hoima R11 R. Waki II at Biiso - Hoima Road12 L. Albert at Butiaba13 R. Kyoga Nile at Paraa

14 R. Nyagak at Nyapea15 Albert Nile at Pakwach16 R. Albert Nile at Panyango.17 R. Ora at Inde - Pakwach Road18 R. Anyau at Arua - Moyo Road19 R. Oru at Arua - Yumbe Road

9

8

7

6

54

32

1

19

1817

16

151413

12

11

10

Uganda

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Rwanda

United Republic of Tanzania

South Sudan

Semulik

i

Ora

Muzizi

Nkus

i

Aswa

Anyau

Albe

rt N

ile

Ruha

i

Kochi

Ntungu

Mpanga

Ome

Dura

Waiga

Levih

Nyagak

Ruchuru

Kako

b

Rucharu

Mah

oma

Dyna

Aca

Linya

Nyabisheki

Sunim

Dira

Kaija

Rutungu

Nyanjakufa

Wasa

ZokaNyawa

Waisoke

Ramugura

Muceru

GetiDaymu

Oruy

ubu

Ruhe

zam

inda

Kahombu

Kazinga Channel

Nyarw

odo

Dawuma

Rwem

amba

Arua

Gulu

Hoima

Bunia

Kabale

Byumba

Lubero

Entebbe

Masindi

Mbarara

Kikagati

Rutshuru

Nyakibale

Ruhengeri

Fort Portal

Lake Victoria

Lake Albert

Lake Edward

Lake Kyoga

Lake George

0 40 8020

Kilometers

RiverTown


Country boundary

Sub-basin


9

8

7

6 5

4

3

2

1

99

98

97

96

95

94

93

92

91

908988

87

8685

84

83

82

81

80

797877

76

75

7473

72

7170

69

68

67

66

6564

63

62

61

60 59

58

57

56

55

54

53

52

51

50

49

48

47

46

45

44

43

42

41

4039

38

37

36

35

34

33

32

31

30

29

28

27

26

25

24 2322

21

20

19

18

17 16

15

14

13

1211

10

171

170

169

168

167

166

165

164163

162

161

160

159

158

157

156

155

154

153

152

151

150

149

148147

146

145

144

143

142

141

140

139

138

137

136

135

134

133

132

131130

129

128

127

125

124

123122

121

120

119

118

117116

115

114

113

112

111

110

109

108

107

106

105

104

103

102

101

100

172

180

179

178

177

176

175

173

Uganda

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Rwanda


South Sudan

Semulik

i

Ora

Muzizi

Nkusi

Aswa

Anyau

Albe

rt N

ile

Ruha

i

Kochi

Ntun

gu

Mpanga

Ome

Dura

Waiga

Levi

h

Nyagak

Ruchuru

Kako

b

Rucharu

Mah

oma

Dyna

Aca

Linya

Nyabisheki

SunimDira

Kaija

Rutungu

Wasa

Zoka

Chambura

Nyawa

Waisoke

Ramugura

Muceru

GetiDaymu

Oruy

ubu

Kahombu

Nyarw

odo

Dawuma

Tangi

Arua

Gulu

Hoima

Bunia

Kabale

Byumba

Lubero

Entebbe

Masindi

Mbarara

Kikagati

Rutshuru

Ruhengeri

Lake Victoria

Lake Albert

Lake Edward

Lake Kyoga

Lake George

0 40 8020

Kilometers


Country boundary

Sub-basin


ADCP being lowered into the the stream

Taking ADCP readings

phot

o: V

ivia

n Na

byon

ga


The largest part of the Victoria Nile sub-basin lies in Uganda with a small part in Kenya and is the drained by the Victoria Nile once it leaves the Lake Victoria. The sub-basin has substantial hydropower potential. The average annual flow of Victoria Nile at Jinja station in Ugan-da is approximately 32 109m3. This is a sub-basin with relatively good monitoring infrastructure in the Nile Basin.

The Victoria Nile Sub-basin

Meteorological monitoring networkThere are 48 meteorological stations in the sub-basin; distributed in Kenya (6)

and Uganda (42).11 stations are full met stations. The distribution of the stations is shown in the map below.

Hydrometric stationsthere are 53 hydrometric stations in the sub-basin; 6 in Kenya and 47 in Uganda. The map below shows the location of the station. The table adjacent to the map provides the list of hydrometric stations that were active at the time of the survey in 2014.

Enhancing reservoir operation of a cas-cade of hydropower dams (existing and planned ones) is one of the priority areas in the sub-basin. This requires enhanced real-time data collection and transmission system linked with appropriately built reservoir management system.

No Name1 Kimama Primary2 Sirisia Chief’s Camp3 Lukolis Dispensary,Kakamega4 Kolonya Boy’s Sec. School5 Angorai Chief’s Centre6 Machakusi Nursery7 Amagoro D.o’s Office8 Alupe Cotton Research Station9 Mbale

10 Lira11 Nakasongola12 Namayingo Health Centre13 Busitema University14 Tororo Met15 Kwapa Sub County H/Q16 Butaleja District H/Q17 Budumba Health Centre18 Manafwa Water Works19 Kafu (Masindi)

20 Enget (Lira)21 Namulonge Res Station22 Jinja Met. Station23 Tororo Met.station24 Soroti Met Station25 Lira Ngetta Agromet Station.26 Nabiswera27 Alupe Kari

1 L. Victoria at Jinja Pier2 Alupe3 Alupe4 R. Malaba at Jinja - Tororo Road5 Malakisi6 Malakisi7 Malaba8 R. Mayanja at Kapeeka - Kakunga9 R. Kigwe at Semuto - Wobulenzi10 Yala11 R. Mpologoma at Budumba12 R. Victoria Nile at Mbulamuti13 Malakisi

14 Wamboli at Nabiswera - Gulu Rd15 R. Manafwa at Mbale - Tororo Ro16 R. Mpologoma at Tirinyi-Mbale road17 R. Namatala at Mbale - Soroti R18 R. Sironko at Mbale - Moroto Road19 R. Simu at Mbale - Moroto Road20 R. Sipi at Mbale - Moroto Road21 R. Abuket at Kumi - Serere Road22 R. Agu at Kumi - Serere Road23 R. Kafu at Kampala - Gulu Road24 R. Kelim (Greek) at Mbale - Moroto Road25 L. Kyoga at Bugondo Pier26 R. Kapiri at Kumi - Soroti Road

27 R. Kyoga Nile at Masindi Port28 R. Namalu at Mbale - Moroto Rd29 R. Omunyal Upper at Tiririri -30 R. Akokorio at Soroti - Katakwi31 L. Kwania at Kachung32 R. Enget at Bata - Dokolo Road33 R. Tochi II at Gulu - Atura Roa34 R. Kyoga Nile at Kamdini35 Tochi136 R. Sezibwa at Falls

98

7 654

32

1

35

3433

32

313029

28

27 2625 24

23

222120

1918

17

16 15141312

11 10

36

Victoria Nile

Bahr el Jebel

Lake Victoria

Uganda

Kenya

Kenya

Kafu

Sezi

bwa

Lugogo

Mayanja

Dope

th

Ukul

at

Okole

Victoria Nile

Mpongo

Kirik

Malaba

Kelim

Mpologoma

Lum

buye

Long

iro

Towa

Aroca

Kiiz

i

Siroko

Lwaja

li

Toch

i

Angoleto

Naba

lach

ar

Kiko

Okere

Naig

ombw

aOmanimani

Komirya

Titi

Mayanja Kato

Namatala

Kaputh

Lochoman

Ayago

Lumboka

Loch

idim

ukat

Kotipe

Nabigaga

Oditaileng

Nator

Orio

Kisingu

Lokorimoru

Muk

ote

Katansule

Luyam

Gulu

Lira

Hoima

Jinja

Mbale

Kitgum

Soroti

Tororo

Masindi

Bungoma

Kakamega

Lake Kyoga

Lake Albert

Lake Victoria

0 50 10025

Kilometers

RiverTown


Country boundary

Sub-basin


9

8

76

54

3

2

1

26

25

24

23

2221

20

19

18

17 1615

14

13

12

11

10

27

Victoria Nile

Bahr el Jebel

Lake Victoria

Baro-Akobo-Sobat

Uganda

Kenya

Kenya

Kafu

Sezi

bwa

Lugogo

Mayanja

Dope

th

Ukul

at

Okole

Victoria Nile

Mpongo

Kirik

Malaba

Kelim

Mpologoma

Lum

buye

Long

iro

Towa

Aroca

Kiiz

i

Siroko

Lwaja

li

Toch

i

Angoleto

Naba

lach

ar

Kiko

Oker

e

Naig

ombw

a

Omanimani

Komirya

Titi

Mayanja Kato

Kaputh

Lochoman

Ayago

Manafwa

Minakulu

Lumboka

Loch

idim

ukat

Kotipe

Oditaileng

Nator

Orio

Kisingu

Lokorimoru

Muk

ote

Katansule

Luyam

Gulu

Lira

Hoima

Jinja

Mbale

Kitgum

SorotiMasindi

Kakamega

Lake Kyoga

Lake Albert

Lake Victoria0 50 10025

Kilometers


Country boundary

Sub-basin


Lake Kyoga at Bugondo during dry season

Lake Kyoga at Bugondo during wet season

Station at River Kafu

phot

o: V

ivia

n Na

byon

ga

phot

o: V

ivia

n Na

byon

ga

phot

o: V

ivia

n Na

byon

ga


The Lake Victoria sub-basin makes the headwater of the White Nile. The Lake, with an area of about 68,000 km2 offers a major regulation to the flow of Victoria Nile. Major tributaries of the Lake include the Kagera (draining parts of Burundi,

Rwanda and Tanzania), Mara (originating in Kenya), Nzoiya (Kenya) and Yala (Ken-ya). The lake, which is a source of water for users in three countries is also used widely for navigation.

The Lake Victoria Sub-basin

Meteorological monitoring networkThere are 254 meteorological stations in the sub-basin; distributed in Burundi (31), Kenya (124), Rwanda (34), Tanzania (42) and Uganda (23). The distribution of the stations is shown in the map below.

Hydrometric stationsThere are 158 hydrometric stations in the sub-basin; 14 in Burundi (in Kagera catch-ment), 87 in Kenya, 36 in Rwanda (Kagera catchment), seven in Tanzania and four in Uganda. The map below shows the location of the stations. The table adjacent to the map provides the list of hydrometric

stations that were active at the time of the survey in 2014.

Monitoring of water quality and lake water levels are two priority areas for strength-ening the hydrometric monitoring system in the Lake Victoria Sub-basin. In the Kagera, sediment monitoring is a priority.

No Name1 Muyinga2 Karuzi3 Gitega (Aero)4 Ruyigi 5 Gisozi6 Muriza7 Ruvyironza8 Rwegura9 Nyamuswaga10 Bugarama (B.aero-

naut)11 Giheta12 Mugera (Paroisse)13 Musongati14 Gitega (Zege)15 Teza (Nyabigondo)16 Bukwavu17 Burenza18 Butora19 Buziracanda20 Fota21 Gikwiye22 Kiganda (Paroisse)23 Mugege24 Mugera (Cankuzo)25 Mungwa26 Muramba27 Mwaro28 Mweya29 Ngozi (Kagoma)30 Rutegama31 Rutonganik32 Butezi33 Ijenda (Mission)34 Ijenda (The Villag)35 Kibumbu36 Mugera (Lycee)37 Mulehe38 Munanira39 Murehe (Mission)40 Murongwe41 Ngozi (Ocibu)42 Nyakararo43 Rusaka44 Rutovu45 Mashitsi46 Burasira (Seminaire)47 Busiga48 Rugari (E.F.I.)49 Bitezi (Gasibe)50 Bugarama (Commune)51 Bugenyuzi (Paroisse)52 Buhiga53 Buhinyuza54 Bukeye (E.F.I.)55 Bwagiriza56 Gisanze57 Gishubi58 Gitega (Agri)59 Gitega (Ndebe)60 Gitongo61 Kabuyenge62 Kanyinya (E.F.I.)63 Kayongozi64 Kaziba65 Kibimba66 Kiganda (E.F.I.)67 Kinazi68 Matongo(Com)69 Muramvya

70 Musema71 Musenyi (E.F.I.)72 Mutumba (Nyabikere)73 Ngozi (Caprin)74 Ngozi (College)75 Remera76 Rugari (Paroisse)77 Rusengo (E.F.I.)78 Ruyigi (Agri)79 Ruyigi (Mission)80 Musenyi (Paroisse)81 Rweza (Nyangwa)82 Siaya Atc83 Masinde Muliro

University84 Chwele85 Migori86 Bomet87 Kitale Met88 Eldoret Airport89 Eldoret Kapsoya Met90 Suba Met, Rusinga

Island Kaswanga Hdr. Stn

91 Kakamega Met92 Nganyi Community

Ranet93 Kakamega Met New

Site94 Kakamega Airport95 Mumias Sugar Factory96 Kaimosi Farmers

Training Centre97 Lugari Forest Station98 Kapsara Tea Factory99 Uholo Chief’s Office100 Chorlim Adc101 Kapenguria Wrma

Office102 Cheptongei Chief’s

Office103 Kipkabus Forest

Station104 Nabkoi Forest Station105 Bunyala Ranet Fm106 Mukuyuni Dc’s Office107 Bungoma Water Yard108 Kadenge Yala Swamp109 Nangina Girls H. School110 Nambale Agric. Office111 Kwangamor Primary

School112 Bunyala Irrigation

Scheme.113 Wakhungu Nurs-

ery-Samia114 Kaliwa Primary115 Matayos Youth

Polytechnic116 Madende Secondary117 Erusui Secondary118 Lugari Water Yard119 Kapsokwony Water

Yard120 Timboroa Forest121 Chebara Dam122 Eldoret Water Yard123 Kitale Water Yard124 Kakamega Forest

Station125 Ebusiratsi Health

Centre.126 Kaptagat Forest

Station127 Eldoret,Institute Of

Agriculture128 Kimilili Agric. Depart-

ment.129 Chief’s Centre Kongoni130 Yala Tn131 Bondo Water Supply132 Chorlim A.d.c.133 A.d.c. Namandala Farm134 Nakami Farm No.1135 Leissa Farm,Kitale136 Kitale Gloucester Vale

Estate137 Khwisero Met Station138 Mwihila Secondary

School,Yala139 Kigama Primary

School140 Sega Primary School141 Oholo Chief’s Camp.142 Malava Agiric. Station.143 Kaimosi Tea Estate Ltd.144 Shikusa Borstal

Institution.145 Kakamega Agromet

Station146 Bukembe147 Eregi, St. Augustine’s

T.t.c.148 Esalwa Secondary

School149 Mundoli150 Malava Forest Guard

Post.151 Sabatia Chief’s Office152 Kabujoi Forest Station153 Namuichula Nursery154 Lugulu Primary School155 Barding Harambee

Secondary Sch.156 Bukura Institute Of

Agriculture157 Nzoia Sugar Factory

Bungoma158 Shiakungu Sec. School159 Nandi Hills, Savani

Estate160 Eldoret Kenya Coop.

Creameries161 Siret Tea Co. Ltd.,Nandi162 Nandi Hills,Kibweri Tea

Estate163 Kapsaret Forest

Station ,Eldoret164 Kimwani A.d.c. Farm165 Kapkeben Chemoni

Estate166 Miwani Sugar Section

III167 Oyugis Agricultural

Station168 Bondo Water Supply169 Kibos Cotton Experi-

mental Sta.170 Homabay Farmers

Training Centre171 Lambwe Forest Station172 Wanjare Chief’s Camp

173 Ndiru Chief’s Camp174 Kebabe Primary

School175 Madiany Chief’s Office176 Masaka Apundo’s Farm177 Nyabola Girl’s Second-

ary School178 South Nyanza Sugar

Factory179 Kaminjeiwet Second-

ary School180 Koru Homa Lime Co’

Ltd181 Londian, Keresoi

Forest Station182 Kericho Tea Research

Foundation183 Maragat Forest Station184 Tenderet Tea Estate185 Bomet Water Supply186 Hail Research Station

Kericho187 Chemase Cane Grow188 Mombwo Sugar Belt

Co.189 Awasi School190 Aroket Tea Estate

Sotik191 Ndoinet Forest Station192 Saino Forest Station193 Tendeno Forest

Station194 Nyangores Forest

Station195 Narotia Forest Station196 Achego Primary

School197 God Abuoro Primary

School198 Ogen Primary School199 Naluwa Farm Endebess200 Nangina Catholic

Mission201 Burnt Forest Agric.

Station202 Akala Dispensary203 Koru, Coffee Board

Sub-Station204 Cheptenye Secondary

School205 Makindu Pri. School,

Muhoroni206 Kilgoris Divissional

Agr.office207 Kigali Aero208 Ntaruka209 Bakokwe210 Butare Aero211 Gihinga212 Gikomero213 Kaduha214 Kanombe215 Mayange216 Ndego217 Ngarama218 Nyabimata219 Rulindo220 Rutongo221 Busogo-Isae222 Cyanika223 Gikongoro Met

224 Karama Kilimbi225 Muramba Paroisse226 Nyagahanga Efa227 Nyamata228 Nyamiyaga229 Nyarubuye230 Runyombyi231 Kigali Aero232 Bunda/ Bitaraguru

Met. Station233 Kidinda Met. Station234 Magu Met. Station235 Maswa Met. Station236 Randa Met. Station237 Ukerewe Met. Station238 Buhemba Met. Station239 Kuruya Met. Station240 Mugumu Met. Station241 Nyabusara Met.

Station242 Rulenge Met. Station243 Ngudu Met. Station244 Bukoba245 Musoma246 Mwanza247 Biharamulo248 Kayanga Met. Station249 Kishanda Met. Station250 Kyakakera Met. Station251 Ngara252 Bitaraguru P/School253 Bukoba Maji (Yard)254 Busulwangili P/School255 Busweta P/School256 Bwai P/School257 Chanongu P/School258 Izigo259 Kayenze P/School260 Kikubiji P/School261 Kikuku262 Kisesa P/School263 Kuruya P/School264 Lukuba Island265 Mugumu P/School266 Mwabagole P/School267 Mwadubi P/School268 Mwanangwa P/School269 Mwanza Maji (Yard)270 Nshambya271 Nyakanyasi272 Sumve High School273 Tallaga P/School274 Tallo Secondary

School275 Utegi P/School276 Walla P/School277 Kharumwa P/School278 Nyehunge P/School279 Sagata P/School280 Zunzuli P/School281 Lolui282 Kome283 Molo Sub County H/Q284 Mbarara Met Station285 Mpanga Forest Statio286 Entebbe Intl Airport287 Kabake Met Station288 Lwemiyaga289 Kakuto290 Cankuzo (Projet)

No Name1 Nyakijanda (Buhoro K10)2 Ruvyironza (Muyange)3 Nyabaha (Mubuga)4 Ruvubu (Gitega)5 Ruvyironza (Kibaya)6 Kayongozi (Nyankanda)7 Ndurumu (Shombo)8 Mubarazi (Murongwe)9 Ruvubu (Muyinga)10 Nyamuswaga (Gisha)11 Kayave (Mparamirundi12 Rte Butare/Ngozi (Akanyaru)13 Kibeho (Akanyaru)14 Simiyu River at Lumeji15 Ruvuvu/Mumwendo Ferry16 Simiyu River at M/Bridge17 Duma River at Sayaka18 Mwanza South Port19 Cohoha (Kigozi)20 Kazingiri (Nyagatare)21 Rweru (Nyagisozi)22 Mudasomwa (Rukarara)23 Rusumo (Akagera)24 Nyabisindu (Mwogo)25 Gakindo (Lac Rweru)26 Shell (Lac Cyohoha S)27 Gihinga (Akanyaru)28 Mbuye (Akagera)29 Nduruma (Cyunuzi)30 Rubago (Lac Sake)31 Gashora (Lac Mirayi)32 Mfune (Nyabarongo)33 Gashora (Lac Rumira)34 Rukoma (Lac Sake)35 Mbalageti36 Shyembe (Lac Bilira)37 Ururumanza (Ururumanza)38 Gihuma (Gihuma)39 Rwinzoka (Akagera)40 Kavumu (Rugeramigozi)41 Grumet River at M/Bridge42 Mwaka (Nyabarongo)43 Kanzenze (Nyabarongo)44 Ruliba (Nyabarongo)45 Nemba (Nyabugogo)46 Yanze (Yanze)47 Suguti48 Ihema (Ihema Lake)49 Gaseke (Nyamabuye)50 Rusumo (Mwange)51 Kinoni (Base)52 Mara River at Nyansurura53 Ngono/Muhutwe54 Kogatende Ranger Post55 Nyakinama (Mukungwa)56 Mara River at Mara Mine57 Mara River at Kirumi Ferry58 Nyagahanga (Warufu)59 Musoma Port

60 Ngono/Kalebe Bridge61 Ntaruka (Lac Bulera)62 Ngoma (Ngoma)63 Kamiranzovu (Kamiranzovu)64 Rusumo (Rugezi)65 West Ngono at Kyakakera66 Bukoba Port67 R. Nyakizumba at Maziba68 Mori River at Utegi69 Kagera/Kyaka Ferry70 Ngono/Kyaka Rd Bridge71 Mara72 Kagera/Nyakanyasi73 Migori74 Kagitumba (Muvumba)75 Gucha Migori76 R. Kagera at Masangano77 R. Bukora at Katera78 Sare79 Amala80 Nyangweta81 R. Bukora at Mutukula - Kyotera82 Gucha83 Nyangores84 Kipsonoi85 Nyakobisara86 R. Kisoma at Mutukula - Kyotera87 Kenyamware88 R. Lwanda at Kyotera - Rakai Ro89 R. Kisoma Upper Stream at Kyote90 R. Kisoma Upper at Kyotera - Ra91 Mogusii92 R. Ruizi at New Waterworks93 R. Ruizi at Mbarara Water Works94 Kipsonoi Kapsimbiri95 Isanda96 Kiptiget97 Kipsonoi98 Eaka Kioge99 Awach Ober100 New Itare101 Yurith102 Awach Tende103 Awach104 Awach Kabondo105 Mapamujugu106 Songon107 Awach Kabuon108 Lower Songon109 Ainapkoi110 Sondu111 Katonga at Kampala Katonga Road112 Miriu Sondu113 Tugenon114 Nyando115 Namuting116 Nyando117 Masaita118 Nyando (Ahero Bridge)119 Masaita Dam

120 Nyando121 Awach Seme122 Lake Victoria at Kisumu123 Kibos124 Kibos125 Mbogo126 Awach127 R. Katonga at Kampala - Masaka128 Ainamatua129 Ainopsiwa130 Great Oruba131 Tributary of Kibos132 Kibos133 Yala Kadenge134 Yala135 Zaaba136 L. Victoria at Entebbe Pier137 Edzawa138 Garagoli139 R. Kakinga Index Catchment140 Nzoia Ruambwa141 Uludhi142 Wuroya143 Wuroya144 Nzoia145 Gaula146 R. Kibimba at Kinoni - Mubende147 Firatsi148 Placemark149 R. Sio at Luhalali Near Bunadet150 Isiukhu151 Ikhamala152 L. Wamala at Lubajja153 Áisasala154 Lairi155 Sio River156 Endoroto157 Ellegirini158 Chevaywa159 Khalaba160 Luandeti161 Kipkarren162 Chwele163 Murgusi164 Bokoli165 Kuywa166 Sosiani167 Segoit168 Large Nzoia169 Rongai170 Kamakoiwa171 Kamukoywa172 Kimilili Springs173 Kimilili174 Moiben175 Kuywa176 Little Nzoia177 Tongaren178 Nzoia179 Ruvyironza (Nyabiraba)

9

8 76

5 43

2 1

99 98 9796

95 949392

9190

89

88 8786

8584

838281

80

79787776 75

74 73

72 7170696867 6665

64

63 6261 60 5958

57 5655 5453 52

5150

4948 47

4645

44 4342 4140 393837 36 353433

32

31 30 29282726 2524

2322 21 20

19 181716

1514

1312

1110

178177

176175

174173

172

171170

169168

167

166165

164

163162

161160

159

158 157

156155 154

153152

151

150

149 148 147146 145

144

143142

141

140139 138137136 135

134133 132

131

130 129

128

127 126 125

124123

121

120119

118117116115

114113112

111 110 109

108

107106105

104

103102

101

100

179

Uganda

Kenya

Tanzania

Rwanda

Burundi

DR Congo

Mara

Nzoia

Yala

Simiyu

Mwisa

Duma

Kagera

Pololeti

Ruvu

buRu

izi

Grumeti

Isanga

Rubana

Mbalageti

Migori

Sio

Sand

Kibaale Kuja

Ngon

o

Sare

Katonga

Kany

aru

Talek

Amala

Mamwe

Ruba

re

Nabakazi

Nhuyugu

Longaianiet

Kakinga

Omukagasha

Kipkaren

Kaso

ngen

ye

Kigaba

Bariadi

Tirina

Kayon

gozi

Ruvyi

ronza

Koitobos

Rufuha

Kaku

NyabogatiNgara Nanyuki

Enga

re

Wingi

Kishanda

Nabajuzi

Thigit

he

OlemuguruMbirurume

Mazin

ga

Kimon

di

Cyizin

ga

Sisei

Rwak

akur

u

Sandai

Lake Victoria

Lake Edward

Lake Albert

Lake George

Lake Kyoga

Molo

Jinja

Mbale

Kabale

Tororo

Muleba

Mwanza

Musoma

Kahama

Butare

Byumba

Lubero

Entebbe

Mbarara

Eldoret

Kabatoro

Kikagati

Rutshuru

Nyakibale

Biharamulo

Fort Portal

0 60 12030

Kilometers

RiverTown


Country boundary

Sub-basin

The NBI is not an authority on international boundaries

98

7

6

5

43

2

1

99

98

97

969594

93

92

91

90

89

88

87

86

85

84

83

82

81

80

7978

77

76

75 7473

72

7170

69

68

67

6665

64

63

6261

60

5958

57

56

55

54 5352

5150

49

48

47

46

45

44

4342

41

40

39

38

37

3635

34

33

32

31

30

29

28

27

26

25

24

23

22

21

2019

18

17

16

15

14

13

121110

289

288

287

286

285

284

283

282281

280

279

278

277

276

275

274

273

272

271

270

269

268267

266

265

264

263

262

261

260

259

258

257

256

255

254

253

252

251

250

249

248

247

246

245244

243

242

241

240

239

238

237

236

235

234

233

232231

230

229

228

227

226225

224

223222

221

220219

218

217

216

215

214

213

212

211

210

209

208

207

206

205

204

203202

201

200

199

198

197196

195

194

193

192191

190

189188

187

186

185

184 183

182181

180

179

178

177

176175

174173

172171

170

169168

167

166

165

164

163

162 161

160

159

158

157

156

155

154

153

152

151

150

149

148

147

146

145

144

143

142

141140

139

138137

136

135

134

133132

131130

129128

127

126125

124

123

122

121

120

119

118

117

116

115

114113

112

111110

109

108

107

106

105 104

103

102

101

100

290

Uganda

Kenya

Tanzania

Rwanda

Burundi

DR Congo

Mara

Simiyu

Mwisa

Duma

Kagera

Pololeti

Ruvubu

Ruizi

Grumeti

Isanga

RubanaMbalageti

Migori

Sio

Sand

Kibaale

Kuja

Ngon

o

Sare

Katonga

Kanyaru

Talek

Amala

Mamwe

Rubare

KibimbaNabakazi

Itare

Nhuyugu

Longaianiet

Kakinga

Omukagasha

Kaso

ngen

ye

Kigaba

Baria

di

Tirina

Rufuha

Kaku

Kipsonoi

Nyabogati

Nyabarongo

Ngara Nanyuki

Enga

re

Wingi

Kishanda

Nabajuzi

Thigit

he

OlemuguruMbirurume

Mazin

ga

Migin

a

Cyizin

ga

Rwak

akur

u

Sandai

Lake Victoria

Lake Edward

Lake Albert

Lake George

Jinja

Mbale

Kisii

Kabale

Tororo

Muleba

Mwanza

BukobaMusoma

Kahama

Lubero

Entebbe

Mbarara

Kabatoro

Kikagati

Gitarama

Rutshuru

Nyakibale

SengeremaBiharamulo

Fort Portal

0 60 12030

Kilometers


Country boundary

Sub-basin

The NBI is not an authority on international boundaries

Entebbe station

Station on River Kagera at Masangano

phot

o: V

ivia

n Na

byon

ga

phot

o: N

ile-S

EC


nile Basin regional hydroMet

Challenges and OpportunitiesRiver basin monitoring is essential for knowl-edge-based water resources planning, efficient water resources management, socio-economic development, and environmental sustainability. The current system of Nile Basin monitoring is inadequate where many significant hydrologic portions of the Nile Basin are either un-gauged or very sparselyt gauged even with respect to basic hydrological parameters. To address these critical gaps and improve transboundary water resource collaboration, the NBI worked with the NBI ripar-ian countries to develop design specifications and an implementation plan for the Nile Basin Region-al Hydro-meteorological Monitoring System.

Based on the individual country inclusive assess-ments, it was clear that each of the riparian coun-tries had the requisite institutions established for monitoring, but that the level of professional depth and breadth of training and staffing varied, as did the hardware and software available for collecting and managing the data and actual parameters be-ing measured. The most important gaps identified and addressed in the development of the Nile Basin Regional Monitoring Network are: significant number of stations that are outdated and out of service, inadequate equipment calibration, limited or non-existent telemetry systems, lack of adequate or modern data acquisition and management sys-tems, and weak national water quality, groundwa-ter and sediment monitoring programs.

Recent developments Recognizing the importance of a functional Nile River Basin Monitoring System, NBI developed the design of a regional hydromet system that address-es the severe gaps, responds to the strategic water resource management issues that had direct bear-ing on the socio-economic developments within the basin, builds on existing networks – including those of IGAD-HYCOS Program – is based on international guidelines and best practices, and considers national needs and limitations.

Meteorological Network DesignThe meteorological network design was driven by the spatial distribution necessary to capture the meteorological variability within the basin. A total of 322 meteorological stations are proposed for the regional network of the Nile Basin. This includes 227 stations to measure a full suite of meteorolog-ical parameters and 95 to monitor rainfall only. The full meteorological (Full Met) stations include instruments to measure precipitation, wind, air temperature, humidity, barometric pressure and solar radiation which allows for the calculation of evaporation.

Lui

Bor

Yei

Wau

Doka

Tonj

Madu

Arua

Kafu

Kome

Moyo

Lira

Raga

Renk

Juba

Kone

Zata

Gore

Begi

Arjo

Jeba

Aman

Alge

Pawe Adet

Goma

Elfaw

Tulus

Radom

Togan

Sidon

Tonga

Pibor

Nasir

Kodok

Ngoma

Lendu

Hoima

Enget

Lolui

Gulu

Mbale

Bwai Ngara

Magu

Bunda

Nyala

Kosti

Aweil

Torit

Ndego

Bomet

Koreb

Mendi

Badme

Nedjo

Gimbi Anger

Fiche

Masha

Abobo

Motta

Ayehu

Sanja

Quara

Aykel

Bunia

Pachua

Faddoi

Samsam

Sodari KogmerFatisa

Dankog

Barbar

Aldali

Maridi

Shambe

Tekeze

Simada

Kakuto

Ikulwe

KibogaKagada

NariamJaber

Loyoro

Yumbe Kitgum

Kabake

Soroti

Kasese

Moroto

Bukasa

Masaka

Kasese

Mwanza

MusomaBukoba

Ngudu

Randa

Maswa

Rashad

Shendi

Karima

Atbara

Sennar

Yambio

Rumbek

Bentiu

Narok,

Sotik,

Koru,

Chwele

Gidame

Halelo

Guroro

Shinfa

Guhala

Chenek

Baeker

Kurmuk

Assosa

Atsebi

Gatira

Bedele

Chagni

Bullen

Metema

Humera

Debark

MurizaGisozi

Karuzi

Basunda

Ub Guta

Hadalia

Tumbura

Na'andi

Kapoeta

Shiraro

Maichew

Adigrat

Ishasha

Labori

Kakoge

Nyakwai

Adilang

Buliisa

Karenga

Bugondo

Mpanga

Mbarara

Mbarara

Mugumu

Mugumu Kuruya

Buhemba

Elshwak

Elobeid

Kassala

Kadugli

Dongola

Malakal

Mayange

Ntaruka

Byimana

Kebabe

Oyugis

Nabkoi

Mumias

Sululta

Siadebr

Kunzila

Nekemte

Wereilu

Kamashe

Nebelet

Kachise

Eneware

Jikawo

Mankush

Dangila

Shahura

Butembo

Rwegura

Gitega

Muyinga

El Hawata

Um Bader

Tendelti

Jebelein

El Neima

Mongalla

Gogreial

LwamagwaBushenyi

Kampala

Nalweyo

Wangkwar

Masindi

Mubende

Busweta

Kayanga

Rulenge

Kahunda

Ukerewe

Kidinda

En Nahud

Babanusa

Khartoum

Ed Dueim

Naikara

Kilgoris

Ndoinet Homabay

Angorai

Kaimosi

Finarawa

Adigoshu

Tsitsika

Lalibela

Gidayana

Placemark

Ummsiyala

Muzdalifa

Wd Alkali

Wad Figad

Abu Hamra

Goz Ragab

Placemark

Nagi Shot

Combolcha

Rushanga

Rwenshama

Namwenda

Lwemiyaga

Bushenyi

Kharumwa Kikubiji

Kishanda

Shinyanga

New Halfa

El Fasher

Umm Benin

Abu Naama

Nyabimata

Nyagatare

Kawangire

God Bura

Kipkabus

Siaya Atc

Adiremets

Adi Arkay

Amde Work

Dembidolo

Pibor Post

Gadamblyia

J Megeneis

Jabal MouiTora Tonga

Wad Alneal

Limu Genet

Butiaba Hm

Namulonge

Namayingo

Kyakakera

Biharamulo

Nyabusara

El Gadaref

Wadi Halfa

Abu Hammad

Wad Medani

Byumba Met

Elburgon,

Suba Met,

Alupe Kari

Wegel Tena

May Tsebri

Debre Work

Ruvyironza

Elban Gadid

Eial Bakhit

El-tewaisha

Meshraerreq

Greek River

Wadelai Wdd

Bundibugyo

Nakasongola

Ed Damazine

Butare Aero

Kigali Aero

Cheptongei

Chorlim Adc

Gondar A.P.

Amba Mariam

Finoteselam

Debre Tabor

Station No.6

Hamsh Koreab

Sher. Gizen

Shola Gebeya

Rwomuhororo

Gerehu Srnay

Debre Markos

Mekane Selam

Gunde Meskel

Debre Berhan

Nefasemewecha

South Nyanza

Axum Air Port

Bahir Dar New

Gazala Gawazat

Nkozi Exp Farm

Khashm Elgirba

Kisumu Airport

Hamrat Alsheikh

Eldoret Airport

Mekele Air Port

Um Dam Haj Ahmed

Shirkela Um Aush

Bunyala Ranet Fm

Eldoret Kapsoya

Ambo Agriculture

Obongi Dispensary

Shire Endasilasse

Kapsara Tea Factory

Entebbe Intl Airport

Kampala Sewerage Works

Sudan

Egypt

Kenya

Ethiopia

South Sudan


Eritrea


Uganda

Burundi

Rwanda

Main Nile

Bahr el Ghazal Blue Nile

White Nile

Tekeze-Atbara

Bahr el Jebel

Lake Victoria

Baro-Akob-Sobat

Victoria Nile

Lake Albert

0 120 240 360 48060

Kilometers

Proposed meteorological network for the Nile Basin

River

Proposedmeteorological stations

Country boundary

Lake

Subbasin



Hydrological Network DesignThe primary purpose of the existing hydrometric stations for the regional design would be for measuring stream-flow at rivers and water level at lakes. In addition, the hydrometric design also includes locations by water quality and sediment monitoring, which typically aligns with streamflow gauging locations. The regional design proposes monitoring of both basic and advanced water quality parameters. The Nile Basin hydrometric design focuses on achieving the monitoring of transboundary water management issues. A total of 79 hydrometric stations are proposed for the regional network of the Nile Basin.

Proposed hydrometric network map

Meteorological stations per sub-basinSub-basin Area (KM2) Regional design

Lake Victoria - Kagera 197,181 30

Lake Victoria - Kenya/Mara 49,737 31

Lake Victoria - Tanzania/Mara 71,305 22

Lake Victoria - Uganda 27,660 13

Victoria Nile 85,521 28

Lake Albert 74,819 28

Bahr el Jebel 185,364 14

Bahr el Ghazal 604,746 23

Baro-Akobo-Sobat 204,288 17

White Nile 258,803 17

Blue Nile - Upper 175,374 41

Blue Nile - Lower 132,344 13

Tekeze-Atbara 232,374 35

Main Nile 592,637 10

Total 322

Summary of proposed meteorological network by country

Country Active Inactive* New Total# of Stations w/

Full Met Rain Only

Burundi 9 1 1 11 10 1

DR Congo 3 2 4 9 7 2

Ethiopia 82 1 0 83 74 9

Kenya 28 5 0 33 21 12

Rwanda 10 1 0 11 11 0

South Sudan 5 22 5 32 18 14

Sudan 33 18 0 51 29 22

Tanzania 21 6 0 27 22 5

Uganda 48 17 0 65 35 30

Total 239 73 10 322 227 95

% of Total 74% 23% 3% 100% 70% 30%

*Inactive Stations also include unknown or “blank” status entries originally received

Summary of Proposed Regional Hydrometric Network by Country

Country Active Inactive* New Total# of Stations w/

WQ Sediment

Burundi 2 0 0 2 1 2

DR Congo 0 0 1 1 1 0

Ethiopia 15 0 0 15 4 14

Kenya 6 0 0 6 6 1

Rwanda 6 0 1 7 6 5

South Sudan 4 6 2 12 5 2

Sudan 12 1 0 13 9 12

Tanzania 8 0 0 8 8 6

Uganda 14 1 0 15 12 1

Total 67 8 4 79 52 43

% of Total 85% 10% 5% 100% 66% 55%

*Inactive Stations also include unknown or “blank” status entries originally received

Wau

Tonj

Renk

Mara

Katwe

Paraa

Nasir

Sondu

Itang

Laropi

Masaka

LumejiSayaka

HawataGewesi

Madani

Eldeim

Akobo

Gitega

Butiaba

Kyotera

Bunadet

Hamdait

Dongola

Malakal

Rusumo

Ishango

Al Asira

Hassanab

Tamanyat

Khartoum

Roseries

Nyamlell

Mongalla

Akanyaru

Pedagogi

Panyango.

BweramuleMbulamuti

Masangano

mbalageti

Mara Mine

Abdi Rafi Embamadre

Bahir Dar

Kogatende

Jinja Pier

Akobo Town

Nyabarongo

new station

Maya Doleib

Kyaka Ferry

River Assua

Doleib Hill

Kessi Bridge

Masindi Port

Bugondo Pier

Gucha Migori

Ahero BridgeYala Kadenge

Grumet river

Atbara Kilo 3

Nzoia Ruambwa

Mumwendo Ferry

Sudan

Egypt

Kenya

Ethiopia

South Sudan

UgandaD. R. Congo

Eritrea

TanzaniaBurundi

Rwanda

Main Nile

Bahr el Ghazal

Blue Nile

White Nile

Lake Victoria

Tekeze-Atbara

Bahr el Jebel

Baro-Akobo-Sobat

Victoria NileLake Albert

0 250 500125

Kilometers

River

Proposedhydro met stations

Country boundary

Lake

Sub-basin


Meandering river in South Sudan

Meandering river in South Sudan

phot

o: A

my

the

Nurs

e/fli

ckr.c

omph

oto:

Am

y th

e Nu

rse/

flick

r.com


ConClusion

The critical gap in data in the Nile Basin has been recognized early during the preparation of the first set of coopera-tive projects under NBI. As a result, NBI developed the Nile River Basin Monitoring Strategy to guide its activities for enhanc-ing the monitoring system in the Nile Basin. The strategy was endorsed by the NBI governance and remains the guiding document for the design of the regional monitoring network.

Gaps in spatial coverage and time series in key catchments result in an incom-plete understanding and knowledge of bio-physical conditions, setbacks in strategic assessment and water resources planning, suboptimal water management decisions, and delays in planning and execution of investment projects.

Some 14 issues were first identified by NBI Member States; these included: improved

water resource planning and manage-ment; flood management; rain-fed agricul-tural management, irrigated agricultural management; drought management; soil erosion and sediment transport; surface water quality; groundwater management; hydropower; navigation; fisheries; water-shed management; wetlands management; and climate change. These regional issues played a key role in the methodology of station selection for the regional network.

Information collected by the system will be accessible to all NBI Member States through the NBI Regional Data Manage-ment system; guided by the effective data sharing protocol among the NBI countries. NBI will compile all the data collected within the riparian countries and provide synthesized information, trends, patterns, and facts that will inform both national and regional water resources planning and management.

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Chapter 4 Basin Monitoring - hydrosciences.fr

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