Chapter 4 & 5 America!!!. Lesson 1 From Sea to Shining Sea There are 48 states in the contiguous, United States. The country is about 2807 miles across.

Chapter 4 & 5

America!!!

Lesson 1 From Sea to Shining Sea

• There are 48 states in the contiguous, United States.

• The country is about 2807 miles across the middle and Hawaii is 2400 miles off the coast of California.

• Fourth largest country, land area, in the world.

• Only Russia, Canada, and China are larger.

• USA has 5 major climates.

Coastal Plains• Eastern lowlands are called

Atlantic Coastal Plains, and lowlands in southeast are called Gulf Coastal Plains.

• Great place for harbors.• Boston, New York,

Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington D.C. all form a continuous settlement called a megalopolis.

• On the Gulf Coastal Plains are Houston and New Orleans.

• Soils are better in south.

Appalachian Mountains

• Very fertile, and hilly area in this area.

• Run from Canada to Alabama.

• Highest peak is Mount Mitchell in North Carolina which is 6684 feet tall.

The Interior Plains• Two parts-East of Mississippi

River, is Central Lowland, and Great Plains.

• Central is grassy hills and thick forests. Also important waterways.

• The Great Lakes are in this area, largest group of freshwater lakes in the world.

• Great Plains are fields of grains and grasses.

• 500 miles across to Rocky Mountains.

• Used to be millions of buffalo and Native Americans, now ranchers live here.

Mountains & Plateaus/Pacific Coast• Rocky Mountains stretch from

Alaska to Mexico.• Ridge on top of mountain range

called, Continental Divide, separates rivers from east to west.

• Grand Canyon in Arizona and plateaus that surround Rocky Mountains.

• Pacific Coast has Cascade Range from Washington to California.

• Volcanoes some of these mountains.

• Nevada means, snow covered.• The Willamette Valley is good

for farming.

Alaska & Hawaii• Mount McKinley, tallest mountain

in North America at 20,320 feet.

• Most of state borders Artic Ocean, and can almost see Russia from border.

• Most people live in southern coastal plain, or Yukon River Valley.

• Hawaii is made up of 8 large islands and 120 smaller islands.

• Some islands are active volcanoes.

• Some are formed by coral reefs, skeletons of coral.

Lesson 2 An Economic Leader

• USA is large, energetic, and growing economy.

• Has a free enterprise system, built on the idea that individuals people have right to run businesses to make a profit.

• Not too much interference from government.

• Keep profits they earn after paying taxes.

World’s Economic Leader• Rich in resources, hardworking

individuals, and largest economy in the world.

• Larger than next to largest economies combined, Japan and China.

• Farmers produce half of corn and 1/10 of wheat in world, along with 20% of world’s beef, pork, and lamb.

• Largest agricultural exporter.• Food is 2% of economy.• 1/5 of coal and copper here and 1/10 of

petroleum, many resources.• Manufacturing makes up 1/5 of

economy.• Service industry is largest sector, with

banks, finances, entertainment, and even teaching.

America’s Economic Regions• Northeast harbors make,

and farms make up some of economy here, but mostly, financing in New York City, and government and tourism, and even manufacturing in D.C. and other big cities.

• South Rich soil for farmers. Growth of cities and manufacturing in this region. Big oil rigs in this region. Florida is a tour trap with amusement parks and space center.

America’s Economic Regions x2• Midwest “America’s

breadbasket.” Flat area which is very fertile. Dairy farms. Farmers are not small families, but big businesses in some cases. Rivers are navigable, which make it good for trade. Detroit is called Motown (Motor Town). Auto industry started there.

• Interior West short on water here. Grasses thrive if irrigated. Ranchers may ranch on 4000 acres. Yellowstone National Park, Grand Canyon, and ancient Native American ruins here.

America’s Economic Regions x3• The Pacific produces large

amount of food. Pineapples from Hawaii, sugar cane, coffee grow because of rich volcanic soil. Fishing is also major industry here. Gold, lead, and copper mines in California. Alaska has vast reserves of oil. Computers and software from here. Tourists visit redwoods in California, tropical beaches in Hawaii and glaciers in Alaska.

21st Century• Clean up fossil fuels, and

eliminate acid rain are challenges before us.

• Landfills are filling up so many people are recycling.

• Country is world leader in satellites, computers, medicine, as well as, many other fields.

• USA tries to get more free trade to get rid of trade barriers.

• Joined NAFTA in 1994, which is free trade agreement between USA, Canada, and Mexico.

• Agreement to remove ALL barriers to trade among these countries.

Lesson 3The Americans

• Independent country for 235 years.

• Scientists believe that Native Americans crossed land bridge between Alaska and Russia following herds of animals.

• These people slowly fanned out over the country hunting deer and other animals developing ways to live off the land.

Explorers – Federal Republic• Around 1500A.D. Europeans

began settling Americas.• Countries set up colonies because

of rich resources.• In mid-1700s colonists saw

themselves as Americans, not English citizens and rebelled.

• Won the Revolutionary War.• Put together Articles of

Confederation which failed and then finally adopted Constitution in 1789.

• They set up a federal republic, and representative democracy, where people elect people to make laws.

• Federal Republic, divides powers between national, state, and local.

Period of Growth• 1800-1900, grew physically

as well as economically. From 13 states to 45 states.

• Industrial revolution drove the manufacturing sector in cities close to rivers.

• Slavery became big issue and in 1861 the South seceded, withdrew from the Union, or national government. Fought over slavery and North won.

• Economic success drew people from other countries here and were waves of immigrants.

World Leader & Security• Early 1900s led to more

success with automobiles and new technologies.

• Fought two world wars, and various other wars, as well as, Civil Rights in 1960s-1970s.

• Americans usually feel safe here, but 9/11/01, security was tested.

• President of time signed Homeland Security Act to coordinate government offices to protect nation from future attacks.

One out of many• Now about 300 million people in

USA, 3rd largest in population.

• High standard of living, and average age is 77 years old.

• 75% of people are from European backgrounds, 12% African American, and a very fast growing Hispanic ethnic group.

• English is main language, but no official language.

• 80% are religious, and 50% partake in church services regularly.

• A very mobile nation with urbanization occurring nationwide.

American Culture• Native American carved

totem poles and masks, and designed pottery.

• Later generations write about beauty and diversity.

• The vast and beautiful landscapes are also themes of artwork in America.

• Many things to do in America for leisure time, such as sports, writing, skiing, traveling, the list goes on and on.

Chapter 5 Lesson 1A Resource-Rich Country

• Canada’s Landscape- is world’s 2nd largest country in land area.

• Shares world’s longest undefended border with USA, which is 5,522 mile long.

• Canada does NOT have states, but instead has provinces, or regional political divisions.

• Also has 3 territories.

• The 3rd territory was created in 1999 as a homeland to the Inuits.

The Effect of Glaciers

• Large glaciers pushed down on land and created large, low basin.

• Has more lakes and inlands rivers than any country in the world.

• Much of the land is tundra.

Southern Canada• Lower Canada experiences

humid, continental climate, long, cold winters and short, warm summers.

• Canada’s largest city is Toronto.

• Shares Great Plains with USA, which is a large prairie.

• There is a cordillera, which is two mountain ranges that run side by side.

• Mount Logan is 19,551 feet high near Alaska.

Canada’s Economic Regions

• Known for fertile land, rich resources, and skilled workers.

• Mostly a free market economy.

• Healthcare is provided by government. Also regulates broadcasting, transportation, and electric power is heavily regulated.

Eastern Canada• Fishing traditionally has been

the major industry.• Provinces out here are

Newfoundland and Labrador, and the Maritime Provinces.

• Over fished and now government regulates this heavily.

• Manufacturing, tourism, and mining the big thing now in Eastern Canada.

• Halifax is major shipping port, when many close because of winter.

Quebec and Ontario• ¼ of Canadians live in

Quebec, doing manufacturing and service with little agriculture.

• Montreal is Canada’s 2nd largest city. Quebec was founded in 1608.

• Canada’s 2nd largest province is Ontario. Most people and greatest wealth, produces ½ of manufactured goods.

• Toronto is capital city.

Prairie Provinces and BC• Farming and ranching big

activities. Also has some of the largest oil reserves in world.

• 5th largest energy producer in the world. Thick forests and fishing is important.

• Creates newsprint here, or the type of paper used for printing papers.

NAFTA• About $1billion worth of

trade passes between Canada and USA each day.

• In 1994 Mexico,Canada, and USA entered into North American Free Trade Agreement to remove trade barriers.

• Some Canadians believe they are too dependent on USA, they believe US will dominate partnership.

Lesson 2The Canadians

• About 32 million people live in Canada. Has a diversity of cultures and has heritage mostly from European countries.

• Canada has not really found a true identity, feeling more attached to own regions than Canada as a whole.

Canada’s History• Inuit people and American

Native Americans lived here before Europeans got there.

• The 1st Europeans in Canada were Viking explorers in about 1000 AD but left.

• 1500s and 1600s French and Britain claimed land with many missionaries founding cities along coast and inland.

From Colony to Nation• Were colonies at one point, and in

1867 became Dominion of Canada, or Canada had own government, but Great Britain still controlled Canada’s international relations.

• New government promised protection for French language and culture in Quebec.

• Canadians helped fight in 2 world wars.

• 1982, Canada changed Constitution and only relation with Great Britain is that King or Queen of Britain is still King or Queen of Canada.

Canada’s Government• They have a parliamentary

democracy, voters elect representatives to a lawmaking body called Parliament.

• These people choose official called prime minister to head the government.

• King or Queen rarely comes to Canada, so governor-general carries out most of the government’s ceremonial duties.

A Bilingual Country• ¼ of Canadians are French,

whereas 1/20 Americans are French. Most of these people live in Quebec.

• Canada is a bilingual country, English and French.

• Everything is printed in French and English.

• For many years Quebec wanted to secede, because there is not that much protection for French.

• United Canada is still uncertain.

Nunavut, a New Territory• Nunavut is a word that means,

our land.

• These people have autonomy, or right to govern themselves.

• More than 60% of people are under 25 years old, government is largest employer, economy is not too great.

• Many immigrants have come to Canada.

• 1960s Canada opened doors to refugees from Asia.

• Most are Christian but many other religions are practiced as well.

Food, Sports, Recreation

• Can get foods of Ukraine, Greece, Italy, the Caribbean, and Asia all in the same day.

• Many young Canadians participate in a sport called… ice hockey.

• Baseball, hockey, football, and skiing are all large sporting events in Canada.