Chapter 4 01

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

1/71

Project : DLF Cyber City Building 10Date : 01.09.08Plant nr. : 877Turbine : 4x T60

Chapter: 4 Page - 1 of 71Title: Electrical components 877-Chapter 4_01.doc

4 DESCRIPTION OF OPERATING SEQUENCES

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

2/71



4 DESCRIPTION OF OPERATING SEQUENCES 14.1 Introduction 54.2 Starting the gas turbine 64.2.1 Checks prior to start 6

4.2.1.1 Turbogenerator set..........................................................................................................64.2.1.2 Air filter system................................................................................................................74.2.1.3 Oil cooler .........................................................................................................................74.2.1.4 Electrical supply ..............................................................................................................74.2.1.5 Exhaust gas system........................................................................................................84.2.1.6 Time intervals between repeated start-ups.....................................................................9

4.2.2 Switching on the control system 104.2.2.1 Presettings ....................................................................................................................104.2.2.2 Check and Reset of the pending alarms.......................................................................114.2.2.3 Command mode: LOCAL, REMOTE ............................................................................114.2.2.4 StandBy.........................................................................................................................11

4.2.3 Local start-up procedure in gas fuel. 124.2.3.1 Fuel selection ................................................................................................................124.2.3.2 Starting the turbine........................................................................................................124.2.3.3 Prelube..........................................................................................................................12 4.2.3.4 Crank.............................................................................................................................13 4.2.3.5 Ignition Gas ...................................................................................................................154.2.3.6 Acceleration to nominal speed......................................................................................15

4.2.4 Local start-up procedure in liquid fuel. 174.2.4.1 Fuel selection ................................................................................................................174.2.4.2 Starting the turbine........................................................................................................174.2.4.3 Prelube..........................................................................................................................17 4.2.4.4 Crank.............................................................................................................................18 4.2.4.5 Low pressure liquid fuel pump check............................................................................184.2.4.6 Ignition liquid fuel ..........................................................................................................194.2.4.7 Acceleration to nominal speed......................................................................................19

4.3 Synchronization 214.3.1 Synchronization with the busbar 22

4.3.1.1 Automatic synchronization ............................................................................................224.3.1.2 Manual synchronization ................................................................................................224.3.1.3 Busbar synchronization sequence................................................................................23

4.3.2 Synchronization Test 244.3.3 Grid Back-synchronization (not applicable in this plant) 25

4.3.3.1 Automatic back-synchronization ...................................................................................254.3.3.2 Manual back-synchronization .......................................................................................254.3.3.3 Back-synchronization sequence ...................................................................................26

4.3.4 Back-synchronization Test (not applicable in this plant) 274.3.5 Direct insertion of the generator circuit breaker 284.4 Operating modes and load charging 29

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

3/71



4.4.1 Grid parallel operation (not applicable in this plant) 304.4.1.1 Grid voltage failure ........................................................................................................304.4.1.2 Manual opening of the generator circuit breaker in grid parallel operation...................30

4.4.2 Isle mode operation 314.4.2.1 Load charging Isle mode operation............................................................................314.4.2.2 Return to grid in isle mode operation (not applicable in this plant)...............................314.4.2.3 Manual opening of the generator circuit breaker in isle mode operation......................32

4.5 Gas turbine operation 334.5.1 Functional test during operation 334.5.2 Generator settings and adjustment during operation 33

4.5.2.1 Adjustment of active power (not applicable in this plant)..............................................33 4.5.2.2 Adjustment of turbine speed (generator frequency) ....................................................344.5.2.3 Adjustment of the power factor (Cos) (not applicable in this plant) ............................354.5.2.4 Adjustment of the generator voltage.............................................................................36

4.5.3

Fuel transfer 37

4.5.3.1 Gas to liquid fuel transfer ..............................................................................................374.5.3.2 Liquid to gas fuel transfer..............................................................................................38

4.5.4 Water injection 394.5.4.1 Activating the water injection system............................................................................39

4.6 Turbine stopping 404.6.1 Local stopping in grid parallel operation (not applicable in this plant) 40

4.6.1.1 Stopping sequence: ......................................................................................................404.6.2 Emergency shut-down (manual push button) 42

4.6.2.1 Emergency stop sequence: ..........................................................................................434.6.3 Local stopping in isle operation 434.6.3.1 Local shut-down in isle operation:.................................................................................444.6.4 Emergency shut-down (manual push button) in isle operation 45

4.6.4.1 Emergency stop sequence: ..........................................................................................454.6.5 Shut-down in liquid fuel 464.7 Safety procedure for fire alarm 474.7.1 Fire systems equipment 474.7.2 Fire system operation 48

4.7.2.1 Container door ..............................................................................................................494.7.2.2 Operational logic of the automatic detection.................................................................494.7.2.3 Fire monitoring and extinguishing system failure..........................................................504.7.2.4 Fire warning ..................................................................................................................514.7.2.5 Fire alarm ......................................................................................................................52

4.7.3 Operator container inspection and action 544.7.3.1 No fire within the container ...........................................................................................544.7.3.2 A small fire is detected in the container ........................................................................554.7.3.3 An important fire is detected in the container................................................................56

4.7.4 Precaution during maintenance works 57

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

4/71



4.7.5 Re-establishment of the unit after the discharge of extinguishing agents 574.8 Safety procedure for gas alarm 584.8.1 Description of the gas monitor system 584.8.2 Gas monitor system failure 594.8.3 Gas leakage warning 594.8.4 Gas leakage alarm 604.9 Turbogenerator alarms 614.9.1 General Description 614.9.2 Alarm - Warning and no Turbine Stop (green) 624.9.3 Cooldown - Alarm with Normal Turbine Stop (yellow) 624.9.4 Shutdown - Alarm with Immediate Shutdown (red) 624.10 Taking the Plant out of Operation (weeks) 634.11 Plant Shutdown (months) 644.12 Crank 654.12.1 Start of the cranking process: 65

4.12.1.1 Pre-ventilation ...............................................................................................................654.12.1.2 Pre-lubrication ...............................................................................................................664.12.1.3 Cranking........................................................................................................................66 4.12.1.4 End of cranking .............................................................................................................66

4.13 Compressor washing 674.13.1 Off-line compressor washing 674.13.2 Washing release 674.14 Remote Control 684.14.1 Remote Controlled Start-up Procedure 704.14.2 Remote Controlled Synchronization Procedure 704.14.3 Remote Controlled Stopping Procedure 704.15 Operational Malfunctions 714.15.1 Compressor Surging 714.15.2 Generator Overheating and Vibration 71

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

5/71



4.1 Introduction

This chapter describes the various measures and steps, which are required for the operation of

the gas turbine generator plant. The operator must strictly observe the instructions andinformation contained in this chapter in order to achieve the optimum operational reliability of theplant.

The instructions include the checks to be carried out, the operating sequences and specify themost important messages displayed.

Special situations are indicated in the individual operating steps by the terms NOTE, CAUTIONand

WARNING.

It is imperative that these instructions are observed.

WARNING

Indicates a measure, procedure, condition or safety measure that, if ignored, may lead to injury orloss of life.

CAUTION

Indicates a measure that, if ignored, may lead to damage or destruction of the plant.

NOTE

Indicates information, which is essential for understanding respectively observance of a measure,procedure, condition or description.

In addition, remarks on Chapter Safety must be observed.

The descriptions of the operating sequences in this chapter include sequences and functions,which correspond to a fully equipped standard plant.

Project-specific adaptations are therefore not considered.

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

6/71



4.2 Starting the gas turbine

4.2.1 Checks prior to start

The checks specified below must be carried out before any start of the gas turbine plant. Allthese pre-start checks make it possible to detect any unusual conditions, which might impair thecorrect function and thus the operating performance of the plant.

In general these checks should also be carried out - daily - in the normal operation of the gasturbine plant.

The checks to be carried out cover several different systems.

WARNING

The following subsections should be gone through point by point before each start, and the turbineshould only be started once it has been established that the whole plant is in a fault-free condition.

4.2.1.1 Turbogenerator set

Check the interior of the container and the immediate environment. Examine all auxiliaryequipments for the presence of any combustible objects or foreign bodies, which are notrequired for the operation of the gas turbine.

Check that the entire plant is correctly mounted and installed.

Check that all the connection valves to the measuring and protection equipments arecorrectly opened.

Check that the hand valves of the lube oil pumps, if any, are widely opened.

Check that both drain and vent hand valves, if any, are closed.

Open the manual fuel-stop valves.

Check the pressure of the plant fuel supply for the selected fuel.

Check the pressure of the instrument air supply.

Open the valves of the water cooling system, if applicable.

Check the connection of both the DC-operated emergency lubrication pump and of the otherlube oil pumps, if any, and ensure the correct operation.

Check all lines and connections for leaks. All leaks must be corrected.

Check the oil level; the oil tank must be filled to the permissible maximum level (seemaintenance instructions).

Check that the oil tank heater is functioning correctly; the temperature must be sufficient to

start the gas turbine; the type of oil used determines the lowest permissible temperature. Check that the manual oil filter change-over valve is correctly positioned; check the drain

and venting valves of the twin filter.

All doors of the package must be closed during operation.

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

7/71



4.2.1.2 Air filter system

Check that all the filters of the turbine combustion air system and the pocket filters of the

container cooling air system are correctly installed. Check if there is any blocking or damage in the filter system.

4.2.1.3 Oil cooler

Check for leaks in the cooler or the supply pipes. All leaks must be corrected.

Check that the cooler is clean and completely free of blocking, which can have an adverseeffect on efficiency.

In the event of extreme operating conditions or very low temperatures, it is necessary tocheck for frozen areas along the piping lines outside the container and in the oil cooler.

4.2.1.4 Electrical supply

Check that the battery charger is working properly, check all the connections of thedistribution system; check the battery conditions and the wiring.

Check that all circuit breakers and automatic miniature circuit breakers in the supply andcontrol cabinet are connected.

Check that all AC/DC main and auxiliary supplies in the control cabinet are connected.

Check that the fire and gas monitoring systems are functioning correctly.

NOTE

The 400 V AC supply must be kept constant during the starting and the operation of the gas turbine,so that the correct function of the lubricating oil pump can be guaranteed. Any interruption in the

power supply causes the start to be aborted or the shutdown of the turbine generator plant.

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

8/71



4.2.1.5 Exhaust gas system

Dangerous explosive conditions can occur if:

Fuel or other combustible materials reach the gas turbine exhaust gas system

The ambient air and temperature conditions reach the flammability thresholds for thesesubstances (flash point)

Fuel can become trapped in the exhaust gas system before the turbine is started or after it isstopped, if for instance the burner flame goes out or ignition fails.

The following instructions are to be observed regularly and strictly:

Check that the turbine exhaust gas system is completely unobstructed.

Check that the waste heat boiler control system as well as the bypass system for dischargeinto the atmosphere (if available) are correctly connected and are working properly.

Check that all valves or dampers of the gas turbine exhaust gas system are correctlymounted. It is absolutely essential to check that these elements are functioning correctly.The exhaust gas ducts must in all cases be unobstructed during starting and continuous

operation.

Exhaust gas recovery systems are often equipped with bypass dampers to control the gassupply to the system. If a bypass damper is mounted, check that it is functioning correctly;make sure that it is able, when the gas turbine is started, to divert the entire exhaust gasflow into the atmosphere.

Check that the fuel quality complies permanently with the specifications for the gas turbine.A deviation from the fuel specification may lead to a malfunction of the fuel regulationsystem.

CAUTION

Before starting the gas turbine make sure that the exhaust gas system has been completely freed ofnon-burned fuel or other combustible materials by means of purging.

The purging of the exhaust gas system with air is carried out automatically during the running upof the turbine. The operator must, however, regularly check that this purging process is takingplace correctly (check duration and sequence).

The purging process of the exhaust gas system takes place with the airflow delivered by thecompressor of the gas turbine while turning with the starting motor system, without ignition. Thetotal duration and the sequence of the purging process must be determined in accordance withlocal regulations and the purge volume.

To start the purging process the gas turbine control system sends a signal to the boiler only ifthe turbine is turning without ignition. Upon completion of the purging process, the waste heatboiler control system triggers the ignition of the gas turbine with a corresponding signal.

CAUTION

The activation and control of the exhaust gas system purging process is the responsibility of thewaste heat boiler control system, which functions separately from the gas turbine control.

If the purging process exceeds the programmed maximum duration, i.e. usually 30 minutes, thegas turbine is stopped and an alarm is released.

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

9/71

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

10/71



4.2.2 Switching on the control system

Check the self-initialization of the control system: at first, switch on the PC at its main switch on the rack and wait until the PC has booted up

and configured the I/O bus modules.

as soon as a steady condition occurs, switch on the failsafe miniature controller at the mainswitch.

WARNING

When the control system is switched off, the gas and fire monitoring systems are not fully effective.

With the safety system switched on, gas is detected and displayed visually, but the packageventilation is not active, which means that any escaped gas is not discharged.

With the safety system switched on, fire is detected and the CO2flooding initiated, but the containerventilation dampers remain closed, which means that a dangerous overpressure can build up in the

container.

4.2.2.1 Presettings

In the Page Header, behind ENGINE STATUS is shown SYSTEM OFF and

the CONTROL MODE INDICATES Start fuel control.

On page Maintenance under Operation Commands on the Navigation tree, you can find

SYSTEM CONTROL MODE .The control system is being activated by pressing the button:

The same command can be given on page Enclosure under Auxiliaries.

Before the supply is switched on, a 30 second pre-ventilation sequence takes place, in order todischarge any concentration of gas present in the container. In the case that during the pre-ventilation any of the in or outlet container louvres fails to open, an emergency shutdown willfollow and a new command can only be given after an alarm reset.

The ENGINE STATUS in the Page Header will indicate StandBy.

and the control system waits for the start command.

System ON/OFF

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

11/71



4.2.2.2 Check and Reset of the pending alarms

The pending alarms are listed In the Alarm Banner on the page bottom

By giving the command

in the Page Header, all alarms will be reset.

In the case that an alarm, which causes a shutdown, persists, the turbine cannot be started andthe cause and the solution of the problem must be found first.

When no alarms (shutdown/cooldown) are present, the ENGINE STATUS in the Page Headerindicates StandBy and the CONTROL MODE indicates Start fuel control.

4.2.2.3 Command mode: LOCAL, REMOTE

On page OPERATION SUMMARY under COMMAND MODE, the command:

can be given, which activates local or remote mode of the control system.

In local mode, only commands that are entered via the local screen will be accepted.If the machine is being operated by remote control, only commands will be accepted that areentered via the remote PC, client module and (if present) the supervision system connected viaOPC/Modbus.

Which mode is active, is indicated under COMMAND MODE behind Commands and Setpoints

source.

4.2.2.4 StandBy

The turbine has carried out all internal resets and is ready to start.

The ready to start signal (in the client module) is activated.

Page header:ENGINE STATUS StandbyCONTROL MODE Start fuel control

Reset

LOCAL REMOTE

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

12/71



4.2.3 Local start-up procedure in gas fuel.

4.2.3.1 Fuel selection

In the navigation tree under FUEL, on page Liquid or page Fuel Gas, the actual fuel mode isunder FUEL SELECTION, behind GT Fuel Status. When running in liquid fuel, the GT FuelStatus is Liquid.

For gas fuel, select button

under FUEL SELECTION .

If the machine is being operated with gas fuel, the gas fuel operation signal (in the clientmodule) is activated.

4.2.3.2 Starting the turbine

Under OPERATION COMMANDS on page OPERATION SUMMARY

or page OPERATION COMMANDS , the turbine can be started by giving the command

under ENGINE CONTROL.

Selecting the button

starts the machine.

The start-up sequence runs fully automatically.

4.2.3.3 Prelube

4.2.3.3.1. PreLube Ventilation Time 45 s

To discharge any concentration of gas present in the container, the container inlet and exhaustfans are switched on and the container ventilated for 45 s.

The container heaters are switched off.

The start-up sequence signal (in the client module) is activated and the ready to start signaldeactivated.

Page header:ENGINE STATUS PrelubeCONTROL MODE Start fuel control

START

Fuel gas

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

13/71



4.2.3.3.2. Prelube Lubrication Time 44 s

For the pre-lubrication the control system switches on the pre/post lub oil pump.

The pre-lubrication oil pressure is checked during 44 seconds. If the oil pressure hasnt reachedits minimum value, an alarm (shutdown) is generated and the start sequence will be interrupted.


If the minimum oil pressure has been reached, the control system enters the crank sequence.

4.2.3.4 Crank

The electrical starting motor starts and and the control pressure in the hydraulic pump ischecked. The oil must have reached its minimum temperature, otherwise a shutdown takesplace.

After 15 s waiting time, the hydraulic pump actuater is activated, the pressure in the mainhydraulic system rises. The turbine receives torque and begins to turn.

The turbine has to reach the 16% speed within 60 s, otherwise a shutdown takes place.

In order to enable the exhaust gas duct ventilation, the boiler purge signal is activated by thefailsafe PLC. This signal is used by the boiler logic.

Page header:ENGINE STATUS CrankCONTROL MODE Start fuel control

4.2.3.4.1. Gas valve check

During cranking follows a gas valve sequence which checks for any leakage of the gas stopvalves. This sequence is totally controlled by the failsafe PLC:

The venting valve between the primary and secondary gas stop valve is closed for 20 seconds.

If the pressure doesnt increase, the primary stop valve is considered to be closing tightly.

Then, the primary stop valve is opened for 3 s and then closed again.

The gas pipe between the two stop valves is now under pressure, which must be maintained for20s.

If the pressure is maintained, the secondary stop valve is considered to be closing tightly.

The gas vent valve is opened for 5 s to discharge the enclosed volume of gas to atmosphere.

The gas vent valve is closed again.


8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

14/71



4.2.3.4.2. Crank exhaust purge Max. time 50 s

To prevent the accumulation of unburned fuel or other combustible material in the turbine or theexhaust system, the engine and exhaust system is purged during each start sequence.

The exhaust purge time is the minimum purge time during which no ignition can take place.

As a backup, this time is monitored by the failsafe PC.


4.2.3.4.3. Boiler purge Max. time 300 s

In accordance with local regulations the exhaust gas duct and heat recovery system is purged

with the air produced by the turbine.When crank speed (in the starting sequence) is reached, a signal is sent to boiler to start purge,and the control system now waits for an ignition release signal back from the boiler.

This signal exchange is totally and only controlled by the failsafe PLC.

The time monitoring of the exhaust gas duct purge is carried out by the boiler control system.

If no ignition release has been given after 300 s from the boiler purge begin, an alarm isgenerated and the turbine shuts down.


Note

The failsafe monitoring of the exhaust and heat recovery system must be integrated in the boilercontrol and is under responsibility of the boiler supplier.

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

15/71



4.2.3.5 Ignition Gas

At ignition, the two gas stop valves and the ignition gas valve are opened, and the spark plug isactivated. The main gas regulation valve is at an opening suitable for the ignition.

The operating hours counter is started and the start counter increased by 1.

The ignition time is also monitored by the failsafe PC.

The spark plug is activated and within 20 s, the turbine temperature (T5) has to reach 204C, ifnot the ignition is considered as failed. The turbine shuts down.

After a successful ignition the spark plug is switched off and the ignition gas valve is closed.

Page header:ENGINE STATUS Ignition GasCONTROL MODE Start fuel control

4.2.3.6 Acceleration to nominal speed

After successful ignition, the control system enters the acceleration sequence.

Page header:ENGINE STATUS AccelerationCONTROL MODE T5 control

4.2.3.6.1. Acceleration To Starter Dropout Max. time 360 s

The control system regulates the fuel supply in such a way that the 66% speed threshold isreached with an almost constant acceleration.

If the T60 turbine does not reach this speed within 130 s, a shutdown takes place.

At 66% speed the turbine is self-powering and able to accelerate without the help of the startingsystem. The starting motor is deactivated.


8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

16/71



4.2.3.6.2. Acceleration To Gen Excite Max. time 120 s

The turbine speeds up from de 66% to 90%.

If the 90% speed hasnt been reached within 70 seconds, a shutdown takes place.

At 90% speed, the generator excitation is switched on, the minimal voltage protection of thegenerator is activated.

Page header:ENGINE STATUS AccelerationCONTROL MODE Speed control

4.2.3.6.3. Adjusting rated speed Max. time 90 s

The turbine now accelerates to 100% nominal speed.


4.2.3.6.4. Ready to load

The turbine has reached 100% nominal speed and is ready to synchronize.

Page header:ENGINE STATUS Ready To LoadCONTROL MODE Speed control

The ready for load signal (in the client module) is now activated.

Verify that the generator voltage is at nominal level.

4.2.3.6.5. Ready To Synchronize


Page header:ENGINE STATUS Ready To SynchronizeCONTROL MODE Ready To Synchronize

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

17/71

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

18/71



4.2.4.3.2. Prelube Lubrication Time 44 s

For the pre-lubrication the control system switches on the pre/post lub oil pump.

The pre-lubrication oil pressure is checked during 44 seconds. If the oil pressure hasnt reachedits minimum value, an alarm (shutdown) is generated and the start sequence will be interrupted.


If the minimum oil pressure has been reached, the control system enters the crank sequence.

4.2.4.4 Crank

The electrical starting motor starts and and the control pressure in the hydraulic pump is

checked. The oil must have reached its minimum temperature, otherwise a shutdown takesplace.

After 15 s waiting time, the hydraulic pump actuater is activated, the pressure in the mainhydraulic system rises. The turbine receives torque and begins to turn.

The turbine has to reach the 16% speed within 60 s, otherwise a shutdown takes place.

In order to enable the exhaust gas duct ventilation, the boiler purge signal is activated by thefailsafe PLC. This signal is used by the boiler logic.


4.2.4.5 Low pressure liquid fuel pump check

All the liquid fuel drain valves are closed, main shut-off valves opened and the digital outputsignal fuel oil pump M6300 on (in client module) is activated.

The control system verifies that the low pressure liquid fuel transfer pump is working by checkingthe suction pressure at the inlet of the liquid fuel high pressure pump. Pressure should bereached within 9 seconds.


4.2.4.5.1. Crank exhaust purge time 50 s

To prevent the accumulation of unburned fuel or other combustible material in the turbine or the

exhaust system, the engine and exhaust system is purged during each start sequence.

The exhaust purge time is the minimum purge time during which no ignition can take place.

As a backup, this time is monitored by the failsafe PC.


8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

19/71



4.2.4.5.2. Boiler purge Max. time 600 s

In accordance with local regulations the exhaust gas duct and heat recovery system is purgedwith the air produced by the turbine.

When crank speed (in the starting sequence) is reached, a signal is sent to boiler to start purge,and the control system now waits for an ignition release signal back from the boiler.

This signal exchange is totally and only controlled by the failsafe PLC.

The time monitoring of the exhaust gas duct purge is carried out by the boiler control system.

If no ignition release has been given after 300 s from the boiler purge begin, an alarm isgenerated and the turbine shuts down.


Note

The failsafe monitoring of the exhaust and heat recovery system must be integrated in the boilercontrol and is under responsibility of the boiler supplier.

4.2.4.6 Ignition liquid fuel

As soon as the ignition release signal is received, the two liquid fuel shut-off valves, theatomization air valve and the liquid fuel ignition valve are opened, and the spark plug is excited.The main liquid fuel pump is at controlled speed suitable for the ignition.

The operating hours counter is started.

The ignition time is also monitored by the failsafe PC.

The spark plug is excited and within 35 s, the turbine temperature (T5) has to reach 204C, if notthere is a start failure

After a successful ignition the spark plug is switched off and the liquid fuel ignition gas valve isclosed.

Page header:ENGINE STATUS Ignition GasCONTROL MODE Start fuel control

4.2.4.7 Acceleration to nominal speed

After successful ignition, the control system enters the acceleration sequence.


8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

20/71



4.2.4.7.1. Acceleration To Starter Dropout Max. time 360 s

The control system regulates the fuel supply in such a way that the 66% speed threshold isreached with an almost constant acceleration.

If the T130 turbine does not reach this speed within 130 s, a shutdown takes place.

At 66% speed the turbine is self-powering and able to accelerate without the help of the startingsystem. The starting motor is deactivated.


4.2.4.7.2. Acceleration To Gen Excite Max. time 120 s

The turbine speeds up from de 66% to 90%.If the 90% speed hasnt been reached within 70 seconds, a shutdown takes place.

At 90% speed, the generator excitation is switched on, the minimal voltage protection of thegenerator is activated.


4.2.4.7.3. Adjusting rated speed Max. time 90 s

The turbine now accelerates to 100% nominal speed.


4.2.4.7.4. Ready to load

The turbine has reached 100% nominal speed and is ready to load.

Page header:ENGINE STATUS Ready To LoadCONTROL MODE Speed control

The ready for load signal (in the client module) is now activated.

Verify that the generator voltage is at nominal level.

4.2.4.7.5. Ready To Synchronize


Page header:ENGINE STATUS Ready To SynchronizeCONTROL MODE Ready To Synchronize

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

21/71



4.3 Synchronization

This chapter deals with the sequence for synchronization and direct insertion of the generatorcircuit breaker.

CAUTION

In the case of maintenance work, interventions or corrections to the gas turbine synchronizationsystem , that means to the voltage measurement system or to the position signals of the circuitbreakers , it must be ensured that the system is fully tested again before a synchronization is

carried out.

When the turbine is running at its nominal speed, the three following possibilities exist:

The busbar voltage before the generator circuit breaker is present; in this casesynchronization with the busbar can be carried out.

The busbar voltage before the generator circuit breaker is not present after a cold start; inthis case a direct insertion of the generator with the circuit breaker is possible. In praxis, thedirect insertion operation is carried out very seldom.

If the turbine has already been synchronized and is working in isle mode of operation, after agrid failure, there is the possibility of grid back synchronization, as soon as the grid voltagehas returned to its nominal values.

CAUTION

The 3 mentioned possibilities can be started manually or automatically. It is important to be clearabout the mode of synchronization before starting the turbine: with manual or automatic

initialization. The Generator page, in the Navigation Tree under Generator, should therefore becalled up before each start and the appropriate presettings implemented.

On the Generator page, the desired synchronization mode selection can be selected underSYNCHRONIZATION MODE.

NOTE:

At DLF there will not be (at least for the time being) any connection with a (national) grid.The turbines will normally allways run in island mode and there will be no back-synchronization.The explanations regarding parallel running and back synchronizationarent applicable for DLF. These chapters have been left in the manual in case of futurechange of configuration.

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

22/71

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

23/71



4.3.1.3 Busbar synchronization sequence

4.3.1.3.1. Synchronization conditions

The busbar voltage must be present.

The generator circuit breaker must be open.

Page header:ENGINE STATUS SynchroCONTROL MODE Speed control

4.3.1.3.2. Voltage connection

All synchronization equipment is supplied with voltage.The synchronization instruments display the voltage and frequency differences between the ACgenerator and the busbar.

4.3.1.3.3. Voltage and frequency regulation

The synchronization system compares the frequency and the phase angle of the generator andbusbar voltages and sends a correction signal to the control system, which adapts the turbinespeed accordingly.

The voltage regulator adapts automatically the generator voltage.

4.3.1.3.4. Synchronization pulses Max. Time each 120 s

If voltage, frequency and phase angle lie within the tolerance range and remain constant for adefined period, the synchronization system sends a synchronization pulse. The system remainsactive, in order to send several pulses. Before permitting the closure of the generator circuitbreaker, the control system tests whether the entire synchronization channel is working properly.

For this purpose a sequence of 3 pulses is carried out:

Pulse 1 The first pulse is tested to make sure that the synchronization equipment is sending a correctpulse. The maximum permissible time interval between two pulses is 120 seconds. If this time isexceeded, the synchronization is aborted.

Pulse 2 The second pulse enables the connection of the undervoltage coil of the generator circuit

breaker (if present).Pulse 3 The third pulse is transmitted directly to the generator circuit breaker, allowing it to close.

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

24/71

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

25/71



4.3.3 Grid Back-synchronization (not applicable in this plant)

Go to page Generator , in the Navigation Tree under Generator.

If the gas turbine is in isle mode operation and the grid voltage has returned to its nominalvalues, e.g. after a grid failure, the turbine can be switched back to grid parallel operation.

This will be stablished by a back synchronization sequence which sends a closing command tothe grid circuit breaker.

In both modes, manual or automatic, the voltage, frequency and phase matching are performedautomatically.

4.3.3.1 Automatic back-synchronization

The automatic back-synchronization begins 180 s after the grid voltage has turned back to thenominal value, without the action of the operator, if behind Synchro auto/manu, underSYNCHRONIZATION MODE is written AUTO.

In case the indication MAN is active, the botton

SYNCHRONIZATION MODE

has to be selected, in order to change synchronization mode.

4.3.3.2 Manual back-synchronization

The manual and automatic back-synchronization sequence are the same, the only differencelays in the start of the sequence.

At manual, the control system waits for the start command of the operator.Behind SYNCHRONIZATION MODE must be written MAN.

In case the indication AUTO is active, the botton

SYNCHRONIZATION MODE

has to be selected, in order to change synchronization mode.

To command the manual synchronization, under SYNCHRONIZATION SEQUENCE, there arethe following buttons:

SYNCHRONIZATION SEQUENCE

On the operators decision, the synchronization can be started by selecting the start button. If forany reason the synchronization has to be interrupted, the STOP button can be selected.

The SYNCHRONIZATION MODE feature to command the manual synchronization, can alsobe found on page Operation Commands, in the Navigation Tree under Operation Commands.

AUTO / MAN

AUTO / MAN

START STOP

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

26/71



4.3.3.3 Back-synchronization sequence

4.3.3.3.1. Synchronization conditions

The grid voltage has returned to its nominal values.

The generator circuit breaker must be closed.

The grid circuit breaker must be open.

Page header:ENGINE STATUS Isle ModeCONTROL MODE Speed control

4.3.3.3.2. Voltage connection

All synchronization equipment is supplied with voltage.

The synchronization instruments display the voltage and frequency differences between the ACgenerator and grid network.

4.3.3.3.3. Voltage and frequency regulation

The synchronization system compares the frequency and the phase angle of the generator andgrid network voltages and sends a correction signal to the control system, which adapts theturbine speed accordingly.

The voltage regulator adapts automatically the generator voltage.

4.3.3.3.4. Synchronization pulses

If voltage, frequency and phase angle lie within the tolerance range and remain constant for adefined period, the synchronization system sends a synchronization pulse. The system remainsactive, in order to send several pulses.

Before permitting the closure of the grid circuit breaker, the control system tests whether theentire synchronization channel is working properly.

For this purpose a sequence of 3 pulses is carried out:

Pulse 1 The first pulse is tested to make sure that the synchronization equipment is sending a correctpulse. The maximum permissible time interval between two pulses is 120 seconds. If this time is

exceeded, the synchronization is aborted.

Pulse 2 The second pulse is yet a test (the min. voltage coil does not exist here).

Pulse 3 The third pulse is transmitted directly to the generator circuit breaker, allowing it to close.

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

27/71



4.3.3.3.5. Insertion of grid circuit breaker

The grid circuit breaker must close within 2 seconds from the third pulse. The acknowledgement

is sent back to the control system directly from the grid circuit breaker.If this time is exceeded, the synchronization is again aborted.

4.3.3.3.6. End of back-synchronization

The command to close the grid circuit breaker represents the end of the back-synchronizationsequence.

The generator set is now in parallel operation with the grid network.

Page header:ENGINE STATUS Parallel modeCONTROL MODE KW control

4.3.3.3.7. Synchronization alarms

As indicated above, the synchronization is interrupted if:

The time interval between two pulses exceeds 120 seconds.

The generator circuit breaker does not close within 2 seconds of the third pulse.

4.3.4 Back-synchronization Test (not applicable in this plant)

For maintenance and commissioning purposes, a test function of back-synchronization isavailable on page Generator or page Operation Commands, under SYNCHRONIZATION

TEST.

This test can only be used when the manual synchronization has been selected.

When button

SYNCHRONIZATION TEST

has been selected ON,

the synchronization sequence starts, with the only difference, that after the 3rd pulse the gridcircuit breaker will not be commanded to close.

When testing has finished, the synchronization test can be switched off by selecting again thebutton

SYNCHRONIZATION TEST

on OFF.

ON/OFF

ON/OFF

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

28/71



4.3.5 Direct insertion of the generator circuit breaker

This is a very seldom situation, where the voltage after the generator circuit breaker is absent:there is no voltage or frequency to match and therefore no need to synchronize prior to close thegenerator circuit breaker.

If the

button has been preset, the circuit breaker closes automatically, as soon as the READY TOLOAD message is received.

If the

button has been preset, after the READY TO LOAD message the system waits the circuitbreaker manual close command.

The button

can then be used to send the close command

The

button can be used to open the generator circuit breaker at any time independently from anyregulation.

Gen CB insertion

Gen CB insertion manu

Gen CB close

Gen CB open

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

29/71



4.4 Operating modes and load charging

When the synchronization sequence has been executed successfully, the generator circuitbreaker is closed, the gas turbine generator set is connected with the busbar and it is possible toincrease the electrical load.

Depending on the position of the grid circuit breaker and the possible connection of more gasturbines (which determines the operating mode), the plant offers several operating possibilities:

Grid circuit breaker closed

Page header:ENGINE STATUS Parallel ModeCONTROL MODE KW control

Activation of active power control.

Activation of power factor (cos ) control.

Grid circuit breaker open (one unit only)


Activation of speed control.

Activation of voltage control.

Grid circuit breaker open (operation with several units)

Page header:ENGINE STATUS Isle Mode

CONTROL MODE Speed controlActivation of speed control.

Activation of voltage control.

Activation of loadsharing

NOTE:

At DLF, there is no connection with the grid, so the operating modes are reduced to thetwo situations with Grid circuit breaker open.

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

30/71



4.4.1 Grid parallel operation (not applicable in this plant)

When operating in parallel to the grid network, the gas turbine generator set can supply activepower (kW) and reactive power (kVAR) to a "considered infinite large" network. The ratio (cosphi) can be predefined.

The control system adapts the power supplied by the gas turbine to the value preset by theoperator, while the generator output is continuously measured and compared with the set point.

The power adaptation is carried out in accordance with the increase or decrease in load at aconstant rate until the desired value is achieved.

When maximum power is required, the control system limits turbine temperature (T5) to itsmaximum permissible value and thus ensures maximum power output under the current ambientconditions.

In case of a load change, the generator voltage regulator keeps the generator power factorconstant at the preset value.

NOTE

In order to ensure stable operating conditions in grid parallel operation, the gas turbine should beoperated with at least 10% of its nominal power.

4.4.1.1 Grid voltage failure

In the event of a grid voltage failure when the gas turbine plant is working in grid paralleloperation, the grid protection equipment immediately opens the grid circuit breaker.


4.4.1.2 Manual opening of the generator circuit breaker in grid parallel operation

In grid parallel operation the operator has two possibilities for manually disconnecting thegenerator circuit breaker.

Press the red button on the generator cubicle. For safety reasons this button is locatedunder a transparent protective cover.

In the Generator Commands menu, activate the button.

NOTE

The opening button for the generator circuit breaker is effective any time.

Gen CB open

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

31/71



4.4.2 Isle mode operation

In isle mode of operation, being separate from the grid network, the turbine generator plant must

supply its own speed or generator frequency (Hz) and voltage (V) for a certain load and keep itconstant.

The gas turbine control system adjusts the speed to a predefined value (50Hz). The voltageregulator keeps the voltage constant.

4.4.2.1 Load charging Isle mode operation

The load on the busbar separated from the grid network is determined by the plant loadconnected to the busbar itself and cannot be changed or adjusted by the turbine generator plant.

In isle mode of operation, the operator must connect the loads gradually, in order to avoidoverloading the turbine generator plant and to prevent rejection of the loads which are alreadyconnected. The connection of a higher load produces severe frequency and voltage fluctuations

and , under certain circumstances, the cut of the loads already connected.

The type of load with which the gas turbine is charged also has an effect on these fluctuations:with a strongly ohmic load there are more pronounced fluctuations in speed than with a moreinductive load.

As a guideline one may consider that the load can be connected in increments of 1 MW.

The maximum power for the gas turbine in isle mode of operation must be limited in relation tothe anticipated load fluctuations. At the same time the decrease in load as a result of the rise inambient temperature at the transition between night and day should also be considered.

The generally recommended operational value is not more than 90% of maximum power.

In the event of a changeover to isle mode of operation after a grid power failure, the gas turbinecan deal with load changes from 100% to 0% of nominal power.

When two or more units are running in Island mode on the same busbar, the total load isdevided equally over the units by an automatic loadsharing control. This mode is a speed controlas above, with the addition that the speed setpoint will be biased by the loadshare bias analoginput. An analogue circuitry provides a signal to the loadshare bias input which is proportional tothe units deviation to the average load.

4.4.2.2 Return to grid in isle mode operation (not applicable in this plant)

The grid voltage is checked by grid-specific protection equipment, which reports the state of thegrid network to the control system with the aid of the

Grid fault signal.

This signal is used by the control system for activating the grid back synchronization function.

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

32/71



4.4.2.3 Manual opening of the generator circuit breaker in isle mode operation

In isle mode of operation the operator has the option of manually disconnecting the generator

circuit breaker.In isle operation the operator has two possibilities for manually disconnecting the generatorcircuit breaker.

Press the red button on the front panel next to the touch-screen.

For safety reasons this button is located under a transparent protective cover.

In the Generator Commands menu, press the button.

NOTE

The opening button for the Generator Circuit Breaker is effective any time.

CAUTION

Before opening the generator circuit breaker in isle mode of operation it should be ensured that therequired power can be supplied by another plant. If this is not the case, the power supply is

completely disconnected, which leads to the blackout of the entire plant.

Gen CB open

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

33/71



4.5 Gas turbine operation

4.5.1 Functional test during operation

Upon completion of the start-up sequence and after power stabilization, the turbine generatorplant works in continuous operation and supplies the required energy. During this operating timethe control system checks the operating conditions of the gas turbine, the generator and allassociated equipments and ensures that these conditions lie within the tolerance range. If anoperating condition changes, the control system reacts automatically in order to adapt the plantto the new situation. If a parameter exceeds the specified permissible range, the system informsthe operator of this by means of an alarm signal.

The operator must, however, in any case, regularly check that all the components of the plantare functioning correctly, in order to be able to introduce the necessary corrective measures as

soon as possible. The checking procedures are in Maintenance section.

4.5.2 Generator settings and adjustment during operation

This section deals with the various settings and adjustment functions, which are to be carried outduring the operation of the turbine generator plant.

4.5.2.1 Adjustment of active power (not applicable in this plant)

The active power produced by the generator can be set to the desired value by means of the

appropriate function of the local control system or by the corresponding function of the remotecontrol system.

The new set point can be entered at any time; the adjustment of active power is, however, onlyeffective if the plant is working in grid parallel operation.

The actual value of generated power may be lower than the required power, as the power canbe limited by other factors, for example by the maximal permissible temperature T5.

For entering the desired setting, the Power setpoint window is available under ENGINECONTROL on page Operation Commands or under GENERATOR POWER on pageGenerator.

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

34/71



4.5.2.2 Adjustment of turbine speed (generator frequency)

The turbine speed (and thus the frequency supplied by the generator) can be set to the desired

value by means of the appropriate function of the local control system or by the correspondingfunction of the remote control system.

4.5.2.2.1. Isochronous mode of operation

In this mode the governor will provide a fuel demand in order to maintain a constant turbinespeed and hence electrical bus frequency (50 Hz), following an adjustable speed setpoint.

This turbine control is automatically active, if the unit is at no load (gen CB open) or on load ifselected by the operator.

The load on the busbar is determined by the plant load connected to the busbar itself and cannotbe changed or adjusted by the turbine generator plant.

In this mode of operation, the operator must connect the loads gradually, in order to avoid

overloading the turbine generator plant and to prevent rejection of the loads which are alreadyconnected. The connection of a higher load produces severe frequency and voltage fluctuationsand , under certain circumstances, the cut of the loads already connected.

The type of load with which the gas turbine is charged also has an effect on these fluctuations:with a strongly ohmic load there are more pronounced fluctuations in speed than with a moreinductive load.

As a guideline one may consider that the load can be connected in increments of 1 MW.

The maximum power for the gas turbine in isle mode of operation must be limited in relation tothe anticipated load fluctuations. At the same time the decrease in load as a result of the rise inambient temperature at the transition between night and day should also be considered.

The generally recommended operational value is not more than 90% of maximum power.

4.5.2.2.2. Loadsharing

This mode is the same speed control as above, with the addition that the speed setpoint will bebiased by the loadshare bias analog input. An analogue circuitry provides a signal to theloadshare bias input which is proportional to the units deviation to the average load.

This turbine control is active if there are 2 or more TGs on load in isoch control.

In this way the total load on the busbar (or the remaining load after deducting the load taken bythe unit(s) in droop control), will be divided equally over the units running in isoch.

4.5.2.2.3. Droop mode of operation

In this speed control, the speed setpoint is equivalent to an electrical power demand, wherebyfor a nominal 5% droop:

105% speed SP corresponds to full speed no load or 0% electrical power

100% speed SP corresponds to full speed full load or 100% electrical power

This speed control is activated by a digital input signal which can be operated on either local orremote control.

The droop offset can be changed by 2 digital inputs (droop + and droop -), which makes itpossibile to increase or decrease the power produced by each unit running in droop control.

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

35/71



4.5.2.3 Adjustment of the power factor (Cos) (not applicable in this plant)

4.5.2.3.1. Adjustment of generator power factor

The reactive power supplied by the generator is determined by the generator power factor (cos

). This setting is only effective in operation with the generator circuit breaker closed and in gridparallel operation.

In this operating mode the generator voltage regulator keeps the power factor constant at thepreset value. The set point is defined upon commissioning of the generator in accordance withthe client's instructions. The power factor values usually are between 0.9 and 0.8.

The control settings for cosphi adjustment can be found in the Navigation Tree underGenerator on page Cos Phi.

Under COS PHI CONTROL, the cosphi regulation can be (dis)activated by selecting the button:

The Generator cosphi setpoint can be adjusted under GENERATOR COSPHI CONTROL.

In this same window, the cosphi mode (inductive or capacitive) can be selected with button:

Normally however, the generator cosphi regulation must work in inductive.

The generator cosphi is limited between 0.95cap and 0.8ind. If the value reaches either limit, theindication apparent power lim.mode will turn green.

4.5.2.3.2. Adjustment of net power factor

If requested, the amount of reactive power exchange between the cogeneration plant and the

grid can be regulated. For this purpose, under COSPHI CONTROL the button:

can be selected.

By selecting NET, the control system maintains a certain imported or exported reactive powerto the grid by following a Network cosphi setpoint.

The network cosphi is a calculated value of the relation between the imported/exported activepower and reactive power at the exchange point between the cogeneration plant and the grid,which is the grid circuit breaker.

In order to calculate this value, the control system has 2 analog signals 4-20mA at disposal (themeasurement equipment is not supplied by TBM).

The operator has the possibility to choose 3 different bands of net cosphi, depending on thesituation or law in different countries/areas.

This selection can be done under NETWORK COSPHI CONTROL

Cosphi reg. ON/OFF

Generator CosphiMode

Gen/Net cosphi

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

36/71



4.5.2.4 Adjustment of the generator voltage

The adjustment of generator voltage is controlled by the generator voltage regulator. Thisadjustment is only in operation with the generator circuit breaker open and in island mode.

The set value is defined upon commissioning of the generator in accordance with the client'sinstructions and is normally identical to the nominal voltage of the plant.

To correct the set value, clicc the software buttons cosphi ind / U+ or cosphi cap / U- on thelocal HMI or remote PC. These buttons can be found under generator commands.

There are also 2 hardware buttons on the front panel in the control cubicle and 2 digital inputswhich can be used by the external remote control.

For plants in which several generators are connected to the same load busbar, it is importantthat the set voltage value remains unchanged. In isle mode of operation the adjustment ofgenerator voltage takes place upon commissioning of the plant. A static value is defined which inisle mode of operation guarantees the most even possible distribution of reactive power to the

individual plants.

CAUTION

In isle mode of operation a modification of the generator voltage parameter may lead touncontrolled fluctuations of reactive power and current, which may result in damage.

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

37/71

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

38/71



4.5.3.2 Liquid to gas fuel transfer

The actual fuel mode, is shown on page Liquid, under FUEL SELECTION, behind GT FuelStatus. When running in liquid fuel, the GT Fuel Status is Liquid.

The transfer to gas fuel starts by selecting the button

under FUEL SELECTION .

4.5.3.2.1. Gas pressure check Time 2 s + Max. Time 50 + 3 s

The control system verifies the gas pressure. In case of gas pressure failure (high or low), no

fuel transfer will take place.

4.5.3.2.2. Gas valve check Time 20 + 3 + 20 + 5 s

Next follows the same gas valve sequence which which is used during the starting sequence ingas fuel.

The venting valve between the primary and secondary gas shut-off valve is closed for 20seconds.

If the pressure doesnt increases the primary shut-off valve is considered to be closing tightly.

Then, the primary shut-off valve is opened for 3 s and then closed again.

The gas pipe between the two shut-off valves is now under pressure, which must be maintained

for 20s.If the pressure is maintained, the secondary shut-off valve is considered to be closing tightly.

The gas vent valve is opened for 5 s to discharge the enclosed volume of gas to atmosphere.

The gas vent valve is closed again.

4.5.3.2.3. Transfer

The failsafe PLC opens both gas shutoff valves.

The fuel transfer is communicated to the governor.

4.5.3.2.4. Gas Fuel Mode Max. Time 45 s

The control system slowly decreases the liquid fuel flow (frequency controlled pump) and slowlycloses the gas metering valves.

The end of the transfer is communicated to the governor.

The fail safe PC closes the liquid fuel shutoff valves.

The liquid hours counter stops and the gas counter starts. The counters can be found in thenavigation tree under Operation Commands on the page Maintenance.

Fuel gas

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

39/71



4.5.4 Water injection

The water injection system makes it possible to reduce the NOx emission values in the exhaustgas.

4.5.4.1 Activating the water injection system.

The water injection system can be activated above 3.5 MW of active power.

The commands and information regarding the water injection can be found in the navigation treeunder Fuel System on page Water Injection.

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

40/71



4.6 Turbine stopping

4.6.1 Local stopping in grid parallel operation (not applicable in this plant)

The gas turbine can be stopped any time. The stopping sequence in grid parallel operation andunder full load is described below.

CAUTION

The local button for stopping the gas turbine is only effective if the local control mode has beenselected.

Likewise, the gas turbine can only be stopped by the remote control system if the remote controlmode has been selected.

Under OPERATION COMMANDS on page OPERATION SUMMARY

or page OPERATION COMMANDS , the turbine can be stopped by giving the command

under ENGINE CONTROL.

Selecting the button

Will start the automatic stopping sequence.

4.6.1.1 Stopping sequence:

This is a description of the sequences from the stopping command activation till the turbinestopping.

4.6.1.1.1. Load reduction Max. time 300 s

The plant begins to reduce the generated electrical power at a constant rate. During the powerreduction phase the stopping sequence cannot be aborted.

Load reduction lasts no longer then 5 minutes

Page header:ENGINE STATUS StopCONTROL MODE KW control

STOP

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

41/71



4.6.1.1.2. Open circuit breaker

When the gas turbine has reached its minimum power (approx. 500 kW) or when the time for thepower reduction is elapsed, the generator circuit breaker disconnects the generator from the gridnetwork.

If the generator circuit breaker does not open, an alarm is generated.

4.6.1.1.3. Cooldown Time 600 s

A cool down sequence of 10 minutes duration begins.

Page header:ENGINE STATUS StopCONTROL MODE Speed control

If no alarm is active the machine can be switched back to the READY TO LOAD mode ,at this

step of the stop sequence ,by selecting the button:

and synchronized again with the appropriate sequences.

4.6.1.1.4. Deceleration Max. time 300 s

When the cooling time has elapsed, all fuel valves close and the gas turbine reduces its speed.

Page header:ENGINE STATUS DecelerationCONTROL MODE Start fuel control

When the gas turbine has reached 5% of nominal speed or 5 minutes have elapsed, thedeceleration step is ended.

4.6.1.1.5. PostLube + Turning Time 10800 s

When reaching 5% speed or when the deceleration time has elapsed, the control systemswitches on the pre/post lub oil pump.

At the same moment, the starting motor is switched on, in order to keep the turbine shaft in aslow turning speed during the entire postlub sequence of 3 hours.

Page header:ENGINE STATUS PostLube

CONTROL MODE Start fuel control

START

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

42/71



4.6.1.1.6. Post Lube Speed Rundown Time 300 s

When the postlube time has elapsed, the pre/post lube oil pump is kept running for another 5minutes, before being switched off.

Page header:ENGINE STATUS PostLubeCONTROL MODE Start fuel control

4.6.1.1.7. Emergency Post Lube Time 3600 s + 10800 s intermediate periods

In case of an, unlikely, problem in the program, the failsafe PC will automatically take over thepostlub sequence.

For the first hour, the lube oil pump will run continuously. After this, for a remaining total time of 3hours, the pump will intermediately switch on for 2.30 min, subsequently switch off for 9.30 min.

Page header:ENGINE STATUS PostLubeCONTROL MODE Start fuel control

4.6.2 Emergency shut-down (manual push button)

A shutdown (emergency stop) of the gas turbine can be initiated at any time with theEMERGENCY SHUTDOWN buttons.

These are located:

On the outside wall of the turbine container

On the control panel

In other plant specific places, if any.

CAUTION

An immediate shutdown can be initiated with the EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN buttons.

These buttons may only be used to shut down the gas turbine in the event of a clearly signalleddanger or in an emergency.

An immediate shutdown of the systems is also required in the event of a danger to the gasturbine or other plant sections.

This shutdown takes place automatically if a S xxx error (Shutdown) occurs.

This type of error is displayed visually on the main interface of the control program and can beconsulted in the Alarm Banner on the page bottom.

Such an error may be generated both by the control system and by the safety system.

The emergency stop sequence in grid parallel operation and at full load is described below.

The essential differences from the normal stopping sequence are:

the circuit breaker is opened immediately

the fuel stop valves are closed immediately

there is no cooling sequence

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

43/71



4.6.2.1 Emergency stop sequence:

4.6.2.1.1. Closing fuel stop valves and opening circuit breaker

The fuel stop valves are closed independently by the safety system and by the control system.

The circuit breaker is opened under the currently driven load and disconnects the generator fromthe grid network.


4.6.2.1.2. Deceleration

As the fuel supply is off, the machine decelerates.



The next steps in the program are identically to the steps of a normal stopping sequence, exceptfor the slow turning of the shaft.

NOTE

In order to restore the system, after an emergency shutdown caused by the push button, clear the

pending alarms and reset the emergency switch in its normal position by turning the switch head inthe arrow direction.

4.6.3 Local stopping in isle operation

In isle operation, the power control of the turbine can not change the produced power. Thereforeit is impossible to de-load the turbine and the generator circuit breaker opens and rejects thewhole load instantly.

NOTE

The opening button for the Generator Circuit Breaker is effective any time.

CAUTION

Before opening the generator circuit breaker in isle mode of operation it should be ensured that therequired power can be supplied by another plant. If this is not the case, the power supply is

completely disconnected, which leads to the blackout of the entire plant.

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

44/71



4.6.3.1 Local shut-down in isle operation:

4.6.3.1.1. Open circuit breaker

No de-loading is possible. Immediate opening of the generator circuit breaker.

If the generator circuit breaker does not open, an alarm is generated.

4.6.3.1.2. Cooling

Provided that the turbine receives AC supply ,a cool down sequence of 10 minutes durationbegins.

Page header:

ENGINE STATUS StopCONTROL MODE Speed control

If no alarm is active the machine can be switched back to the READY TO LOAD mode ,at thisstep of the stop sequence ,by selecting the button:

and synchronized again with the appropriate sequences.

or select a direct insertion of the generator circuit breaker in case the grid circuit breaker is stillopen and no busbar voltage is present.

4.6.3.1.3. Deceleration

When the cooling time has elapsed, all fuel valves close and the gas turbine reduces its speed.



The control system will continue with the same steps as a normal stop.

If there is no 400 VAC available (blackout), the turning sequence cannot be started and thecontrol system will continue with the normal postlube sequence.

START

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

45/71



4.6.4 Emergency shut-down (manual push button) in isle operation

A shutdown (emergency stop) of the gas turbine can be initiated at any time with theEMERGENCY SHUTDOWN buttons.

These are located:

On the outside wall of the turbine container

On the control panel

In other plant specific places, if any.

CAUTION

An immediate shutdown can be initiated with the EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN buttons.

These buttons may only be used to shut down the gas turbine in the event of a clearly signalleddanger or in an emergency.

An immediate shutdown of the systems is also required in the event of a danger to the gasturbine or other plant sections.

This shutdown takes place automatically if a S xxx error (Shutdown) occurs.

This type of error is displayed visually on the main interface of the control program and can beconsulted in the Alarm Banner on the page bottom.

Such an error may be generated both by the control system and by the safety system.

The emergency stop sequence in isle operation is described below.

The essential differences from the normal stopping sequence are:

the circuit breaker is opened immediately

the fuel stop valves are closed immediately

there is no cooling sequence

4.6.4.1 Emergency stop sequence:

4.6.4.1.1. Closing fuel stop valves and opening circuit breaker

The fuel stop valves are closed independently by the safety system and by the control system.

The circuit breaker is opened under the currently driven load and disconnects the generator fromthe grid network.

Page header:

ENGINE STATUS DecelerationCONTROL MODE Start fuel control

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

46/71

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

47/71



4.7 Safety procedure for fire alarm

An automatic, electronically controlled fire detection system for the turbogenerator enclosureprotection is provided. The system is monitored and operated from the fire monitor unit, and isequipped with CO2extinguishing system.

The installation is designed, executed and certified in accordance with local regulations.

The fire monitoring and extinguishing system detects flames inside the package and, after a pre-set time delay, releases extinguishing agent (CO2), which will fill the enclosure.

WARNING

Carbon dioxide CO2is a colorless, odorless gas (unless, for safety reason, lemon odor is added).The discharge of carbon dioxide creates serious hazard to personnel, such as serious suffocation

and reduced visibility during and after the discharging period.

CAUTION

The fire monitor system is an independent control device, however the system is directly connectedwith the turbine control system for the alarm transmission and safety sequence.

4.7.1 Fire systems equipment

The fire monitoring and extinguishing system consists of following main components:

a fire monitor unit consisting of : electronic control and monitoring unit with 220VAC supply,24VDC internal battery and manual fire alarm button on the front panel

in the container: infrared ray detectors

outside the container: manual release push-button, alongside the enclosure warning horn

and flashing light signals, above the inspection door a CO2bottles set with sufficient fillingfor one extinguishing action weight switches for CO2bottle leakage monitoring extinguishingagent release solenoid valve distribution piping, and spray nozzles.

CAUTION

The CO2cylinder set, is designed for one fire fighting action only.

It must be refilled again to restore the fire fighting functionality.

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

48/71



4.7.2 Fire system operation

The fire fighting system is designed to detect and extinguish a fire propagating in the enclosure.

Fires, such as fuel fires or lube oil fires, are quickly extinguished by flooding the area with aninert gas. Discharging a high concentration of CO2 into the container creates the inertatmosphere.

To accomplish this, the enclosure ventilation system is shutdown, the ventilation shutters areclosed and the extinguishing agent is discharged into the enclosure.

The fire detection system is equipped with its own emergency power supply and remains activeeven in the event of 220 VAC supply failure.

Once armed, normal system activation is controlled by the fire detection system; theextinguishing agent can also be released any time by pressing the push button in case of anemergency. A manual fire alarm button is mounted outside the container.

To operate, break the glass and press the button. In order to reset the button, replace the glasscover.

The infrared flame detectors monitor the possible flame inside the enclosure.

The infrared flame detector, with highly sensitive element reacts rapidly to all f laming fire inwhich carbonaceous materials are burnt, such as wood, plastic, alcohol, natural gas, petroleumproducts etc. A pyro-electric sensor evaluates a specific wavelength of the hot carbon dioxideemitted by the flame. The detector achieves high immunity to deceptive phenomena by meansof a second pyro-electric sensor, which operates on another wavelength. Signal from bothsensors are correlated which enables clear differentiation between flame radiation and deceptivephenomena. Thus the detector is widely insensitive to artificial light, sunlight, and all k inds ofheat, ultraviolet, x-ray, and gamma radiation.

As soon as a detector responds the control unit actuates a preventive warning signal.

Acustic and optic warning panel is provided outside the enclosure above the maintenance doorfor operator's alerting. When both detectors respond simultaneously, or if a button is pressed,

the control unit gives the extinguishing command. After a delay, a valve is actuated to releasethe extinguishing agent.

The main discharge valve is installed on the pilot bottle, charged with nitrogen , whichproduces,when energised, the cascade opening of all the cylinder discharge valves of the set.

For personnel safety reason, an odorant stored in a bottle, connected to the piping and actuatedby the discharge pressure, may be mixed with the odourless CO2, while discharging into theenclosure. The discharged CO2is flushed to the protected area through spray nozzles. Thespray nozzles are designed to distribute the gas smoothly and evenly on the enclosure. Thenozzles are sized for discharging the whole extinguishing agent in about 60 seconds. In theevent of loss of extinguishing agent, the weight switch of the leaking cylinder in questiontransmits an alarm signal to the fire detection system.

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

49/71



4.7.2.1 Container door

The door, located at the longitudinal side of the container, is provided with limit switch that locks

the discharge of the extinguishing agent if the door is open.Personnel working inside the container have to keep the door open while working or to lock theextinguishing agent release with the special function button on the fire monitor control panel toavoid the possible release of the extinction during maintenance.

CAUTION

Under normal operating conditions, if no personnel is working inside the container, the door mustbe kept closed in order to permit the action of the extinguishing system.

4.7.2.2 Operational logic of the automatic detection

The fire monitoring system provides the following main alarms:

System fault Indicates a fault of the monitoring system or parts of it.

The control system signals it as system error (ER).

This alarm doesnt cause any automatic action.

Fire pre-alarm Indicates that one automatic fire sensor detects a fire.

The control system signals it as system warning (WR).

Fire alarm Indicates that two sensors detect a fire, or

The manual fire release buttons are actuated.

The control system signals it as alarm (SD).

The signals of the automatic detectors, equipped with infrared sensors, are processed by thefollowing logic:

First detector second detector Alarm signal

OK OK none

not OK OK fault

OK not OK fault

not OK not OK fault

not OK fire detected fault, pre-alarm, fire alarm

fire detected not OK fault, pre-alarm, fire alarm

fire detected OK pre-alarm

OK fire detected pre-alarm

fire detected fire detected pre-alarm, fire alarm

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

50/71

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

51/71



4.7.2.4 Fire warning

This alarm is activated when one out of two automatic fire sensors detects a fire.

The alarm is announced by a continuous sound emitted by the electric hooter present in theenclosure and by a warning signal in the main control system. Indication given by light diodes isalso visible on the front panel of the fire detection monitoring system

WARNING

IMMEDIATE operator intervention is mandatory in case of a fire detection warning, in order to verifythe actual situation of the installation and take all necessary precautions to assure safety to avoid

damage escalation.

WARNING

With the activation of the fire warning, the operator must proceed immediately to the turbine areaand verify the situation in the enclosure. The operator must be equipped with appropriate portable

extinguishing device.

WARNING

Extreme cautions must be taken when proceeding with enclosure inspection.

CAUTION

The main enclosure door (with handle) is equipped with a position switch; once opened automaticextinguishing is blocked in order to protect the personnel in the enclosure. For this reason, during

normal condition main door must remain closed.

Functional fire warning sequence

A fire pre-alarm is detected. The alarm in the fire monitor is activated.

The control system signals it as system warning (WR). This alarm doesnt cause any automatic action.

8/12/2019 Chapter 4 01

52/71



4.7.2.5 Fire alarm

This alarm is activated when both automatic sensors detect a fire. Activation is also possible via

manual push buttons installed on the enclosure and at the front panel of the fire detectionmonitoring system.

The alarm is an

Chapter 4 01

Documents