Chapter 31, Section 3: Fascism Rises in Europe

Chapter 31, Section 3: Fascism Rises in Europe

In response to political turmoil and economic crises, Italy and Germany turn to totalitarian

dictators.

Fascism’s Rise in ItalyNew Political Movement

Fascism is new, militant political movement.

Emphasizes nationalism and loyalty to authoritarian leader.

Mussolini Takes Control Italians want a leader who will

take action Fascist party leader, Benito

Mussolini, promises to rescue Italy

Italian king puts Mussolini in charge of gov’t.

Il Duce’s Leadership Mussolini takes firm control of

politics and economy in Italy

Hitler Rises to Power in GermanyA New Power

Adolf Hitler-little known political figure in 1920s Germany

The Rise of the NazisNazism-German brand of fascismHitler becomes Nazi leader, plots to seize national

powerMein Kampf-Hitler’s book detailing beliefs, goalsHitler believes that Germany needs lebensraum,

or living spaceGermans turn to Hitler when economy collapses

Hitler Becomes ChancellorHitler’s New Power

Hitler is named chancellorTurns Germany into a

totalitarian stateUses brutal tactics to

eliminate enemiesNazis take command of

economyThe Fuhrer is Supreme

Hitler takes control over every aspect of German life

Hitler Makes War on the JewsNazis deprive Jews of rights,

promote violence against them

Other Countries Fall to DictatorsWorld is Divided

Most of Eastern Europe falls to dictatorsOnly Czechoslovakia retains democratic

governmentWorld splits into two camps-democratic and

totalitarian

Chapter 31, Section 4: Aggressors Invade Nations

As Germany , Italy and Japan conquer other countries, the rest of the world does nothing

to stop them.

Japan Seeks an EmpireMilitarists Take Control of Japan

Military leaders take control of countryWant to solve economic problems through

foreign expansionJapan Invades Manchuria

Japan has investments in Manchuria, Chinese province

In 1931, Japanese army seizes ManchuriaLeague of Nations protests action; Japan

withdraws from League

Japan Seeks an EmpireJapan Invades China

In 1937, Japan launches war on China

European Aggressors on the MarchMussolini Attacks Ethiopia

In 1935, Mussolini attacks EthiopiaLeague of Nations does not stop aggression

Hitler Defies Versailles TreatyIn 1935, Hitler begins rebuilding German armyIn 1936, Germany occupies Rhineland (a 30-mile

wide buffer between France and Germany)Britain urges appeasement, a policy of giving in

to aggressionGermany, Italy, and Japan-the Axis Powers-form

an alliance

European Aggressors on the MarchCivil War Erupts in Spain

In 1931, a republic is declared in SpainIn 1936, General Francisco Franco leads

rebellionHitler and Mussolini help Franco and his

fascistsIn 1939, Franco wins Spanish Civil WarFranco becomes Spain’s Fascist dictator

Democratic Nations Try to Preserve PeaceUnited States Follows an

Isolationist Policy Isolationism-avoidance of

political ties with other countries

In 1935, Congress passes Neutrality Acts (bans loans and arms sales to nations at war)

The German Reich Expands Hitler plans to expand Third

Reich-German Empire In 1938, Hitler annexes Austria Hitler demands the

Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia

Czechs refuse, ask France for help

Democratic Nations Try to Preserve PeaceBritain and France Again

Choose AppeasementLeaders meet at Munich

Conference to settle Czech crisis

Britain and France agree to let Hitler take Sudetenland

But in 1939, Hitler still takes the rest of Czechoslovakia

Mussolini takes Albania; Hitler demands parts of Poland

Democratic Nations Try to Preserve PeaceNazis and Soviets Sign Nonaggression Pact

In 1939, Stalin and Hitler pledge never to attack one another