Chapter 3 section 1 1

CHAPTER 3 Section 1

Christian, Meet,Emily, aZan

DEVELOPMENTAL PYSCHOLOGY The specialized study of how an

individual’s physical, social, emotional, moral, and intellectual development occur in sequential interrelated stages throughout the life cycle.

NATURE VS. NURTURE Some psychologists believe that most of

our behaviors are the result of genetics or inheritance. (Nature)

Others believe that most of our behaviors are the result of experience and learning. (Nurture)

NEWBORNS Development begins before an infant is

born. Ex. Hiccuping, kicking, strong movement

Newborns have the ability to see, hear, smell, and respond to the environment at birth.

Allows them to adapt to the new world around them.

NEWBORN REFLEXES Grasping reflex- response to a touch on

the palm of the hand. Rooting reflex- An alerted response to a

touch anywhere around the mouth. The infant will move his or her head and mouth towards the source of the touch.Ex.-Breast feeding

NEWBORNS CONTINUED By observing their behavior,

psychologists can measure the capabilities of newborn infants.

Examples of capabilities: How infants suck their thumb, look at things, turn their head, cry, smile, and show signs of surprise or fright.

This can show how infants are stimulated, and how they might perceive the world.

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT On average, infants weigh 7.3 pounds at

birth. At birth, 95 percent of infants are

between 5.5 and 10 pounds, and are 18 to 22 inches in length.

After a period of two years, a grasping, rooting, searching child is able to walk, talk, and feed him or herself.

MATURATIONAge in Months Ability/Maturation

2 Raise head to 45 degrees

2.8 Roll over

4 Sit with support

5.5 Sit without support

7.6 Pulling self to standing position

9.2 Walk holding on to furniture

10 Creep

11.5 Standing alone

12.1 Walk

MATURATION CONTINUED Learning is a relatively permanent

change in behavior resulting from responses that change as a result of experience.

Maturational Readiness- The time when a child is psychologically ready to learn to walk, speak, etc.

The “Maturational Plan” inside each child is different.Ex.- Some are ready to walk before others.

PERCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT Newborns will look at their bodies and

their surroundings; they will have mature perceptional skills.

Robert Frantz(1961)- Showed infants different faces and discovered that they prefer looking at human faces and patterned materials the most.

Babies benefit greatly from being touched by their parents.

GIBSON & WALK, 1960 An experiment done to determine

whether infants had depth perception. Visual Cliff- a platform, part of which has

a checkerboard pattern, and the other part consists of a sheet of glass with the checkerboard pattern a few feet below it.Creates the illusion of a clifflike dropoff.

GIBSON & WALK

DEVELOPMENT OF LANGUAGE Language and thought make music

together. When a child learns a language, their

ability to further their intelligence makes it easier.

A child thinks about things before they can talk by using symbols and signals.

Animals can help us in our understanding of how language is acquired. 2 year old chimpanzees may look for a toy or food that has gone missing like a 2 year old human would.

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