Chapter 3: On Becoming A Global Teacher

Roy S. CapangpanganBSEd III - English

Chapter 3:

On Becoming aGlobal Teacher

1. Compare the educational systems of selected countries of the world.

2. Describe multi-cultural education and the role of the teacher in addressing diversity among learners.

3. Identify opportunities provided by exchange programs in the development of world-class teacher.

4. Describe various educational technologies utilized in innovative teaching strategies for global teaching.

5. Reflect on the qualities and responsibilities of a global teacher.

In order to accomplish the intentions of this chapter, you should be able to:

•Objectives of this chapter:

---Conrado de Quiroz

“Being world-class does not mean going internationally and

showing our best out there. Being world-class is passion and commitment to our profession; being world-class is giving our best to teaching. Being world-

class starts right inside the classroom.”

• Variety of goals:

increased knowledge about the peoples of the world.

Resolutions of global problems Increased fluency in foreign languages Development of more tolerant attitudes

towards cultures and peoples.

We live in a “global village, hence a need for global teachers”

• INTRODUCTION

a. Wider range of knowledge of various educational systems outside the country.

b. Master skills and competencies which can address global demands.

c. Posses attitudes and values that are acceptable to multicultural communities.

a. Use of technology in the classroomb. Incorporation of changing realities of our world’s

societiesc. Ease of mobility of peoples of the world

Challenges to prospective teachers:

To become a global teacher you should be equipped with:

Benchmarking is learning the best from the best practices of the world’s best educational systems.

Lesson 1:A Closer look at the

Educational Systems ofSelected Countries of the

World

• The system of formalized transmission of knowledge and values operating within a given society

Educational System

• Primary School : 6 years--6 yrs old to 12 years old

• Secondary School : 6 yearsa. Junior HS – year 7 to year 10 (Compulsory)

Gov., non-Gov. Co-Educational Comprehensive /Multi-Purpose High School

b. Senior HS – year 11 to year 12 (Not Compulsory)

--16 to 18 years old.• Tertiary School : TAFE (Technical and Further Education)

A. BASIC EDUCATION

1. Educational System of Australia

Most students enrolled in government schools which operate under the direct responsibility of the state or Territory Education Ministry.

Federal Government provides supplementary financial support.

AY begins from March to November. Long vacation: Dec1 to Feb 28; English is the language of instruction.

• MAIN PURPOSE OF AHE:1. To enable individuals to develop their

capabilities for effective participation in the work force, for constructive contribution to society and for personal growth and fulfillment;

2. To advance knowledge and understanding;3. Aid the application of knowledge and

understanding for the benefit of the economy and the society;

4. Enable individuals to adapt and learn, consistent with the needs of an adaptable knowledge-based economy at the local, regional and national levels;

5. Contribute to democratic civilized society.


B. HIGHER EDUCATION

Undergraduate Studies : (Full Time)a. Arts, Sciences, Commerce – 3 years (Pass)b. Education, Engineering – 4 years (Honors)c. Veterinary, Science, Dentistry, Architecture – 5

yearsd. Medicine and Surgery – 6 years

Postgraduate Studies: (Full Time)e. Masters Degree (1 to 2 years)f. Doctorate Degree (Ph.D., higher doctorate in

science or DSsc, or Humanities or DLitt)

Requirement: Senior Secondary Certificate of Education


B. HIGHER EDUCATION

The largest educational system of the world.* The educational system is highly centralized.

Course syllabi are written by scientists and professors hired by National Educational Commission.

Subject matter and instructional contents are uniform for all.

2. Educational System of China

* Wang, 1996; Nanjundiah, 1996

• Primary Grades (6 years)--> devoted to development of cognitive skills.

• High School (6 years)Junior HS: 3 yearsSenior HS: 3 years

--> students have to cover all the topics in order to pass one of the two (2) versions of the National University Entrance Examination (NUEE)

• University (6 years)

Problems: Elitism to social alienation.

2. Educational System of China

• Class size: 40 to 60 years

1. Kindergarten2. Elementary (six years)3. Secondary : Lower (3 years); and Upper (3

years)4. University (usually 4 years)

• Highly centralized and administered by the Mombusho or Ministry of Education

• Serves as model of how to operate schools.• System gives a mental picture of obedient, quite school children sitting on their desks, listening to the teacher and working hard to pass the various entrance examinations.

3. Educational System of Japan

A. BASIC EDUCATION (5 BASIC STRUCTURE)

• No. of days: 243 days (year-round with some breaks between session)

• Standard Curriculum includes Japanese Langauge, Social Studies, Math and Science along with Art, Music, HE, PE. (emphasis has been given to learning the Japanese Language)

• Education is free and compulsory for children 6 to 15 years.

• Preschools (Yochien: female teachers) are not official part of the educational system.

• Classes are large; lecture is the usual teaching methods.



• Upper Secondary Schools offer academic, technical, and vocational programs.

• First year courses: Japanese Language, English, Science and Math, Vocational courses includes Information Processing, Navigation, Fish Farming, Ceramics, and Business Language

• Ranked on their success in placing graduating students.

• Lower Secondary Schools: Grade 7, 8 & 9.• Men compose two-thirds of the teachers in this level.

• Class size average: 38 students• Duration: 50 minutes long



• Ronin (Samurai) is a student who fail the test (NAT/CET) and subject to take another year to study and prepare to take the test again.

• Masters degree• Doctoral degree: Medical programs and Humanities.

• Junior Colleges (Women): HE, Nursing, Teaching, Humanities and Social Science.

• Private institutions make up 80% of university enrolments although public schools have more prestige.

• Placement exams: NAT & College Entrance Test


A. HIGHER EDUCATION

• If you do well in exams, you will get into good schools/universities & automatically into a good life-time job.

• Their Constitution guarantees equal access to basic education.

• Values and Principles:a. Equity and redressb. Access to basic education c. Opportunities for lifelong learningd. Quality in terms of providing learners with

learning acceptable standards.e. Efficiencyf. Democratic participationg. Sustainability of development and relevance of

education.

4. Educational System of South Africa

• Sectors:a. Public ordinary schools educationb. Independent school educationc. Special school educationd. Technical college educatione. Teacher trainingf. Technikong. University training

• Formal education categorize into sectors or levels.


A. STRUCTURE & ORGANIZATION OF BASIC EDUCATION

• Levels:a. Pre-primaryb. Primaryc. Secondaryd. Higher education

• Formal education categorize into sectors or levels.



• Phases:a. Foundation (Grade R to III)b. Intermediate (Grade IV to VI)c. Senior Grades (Grade VII to IX)

• General Education and Training (GET) covers the reception year (Grade R to IX); corresponds to level I of the National Qualifications Framework (NQF) and divided into 3 phases.



• As a rule, children start primary education at the age of 7

• Primary Education:a. Junior Primary (Grades I to III)b. Senior Primary (Grades IV to VI)c. Grades VII to IX is the last stage of compulsory

education and will lead to General Education and Training Certificate



• Technical Secondary Education (lasts for 3 years) offered technical centers, HS & vocational schools.

• Further Education Training (FET) or Senior Secondary Education (Grades X to XII) is not compulsory

• At the end of Grade VII, students sit a public examination leading to senior certificate.

a. Language, Literacy and Communicationb. Mathematical Literacy, Mathematics and

Mathematical Sciencec. Natural Scienced. Technologye. Human and Social Sciencef. Economics and Management Scienceg. Arts and Cultureh. Life Orientation

• Eight Learning Areas (that form the basis of all basic education up to the FET certificate)



• Institutions:a. Collegesb. Technikonsc. Universities

• Tertiary and Higher Education correspond to Level V to VIII of NQF which is more advanced than the Senior certificate.


B. HIGHER EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM

• Most colleges of education offer a 3-year programme leading to the Diploma in Education (4-year for higher diplomas)

• Nursing Colleges and Hospital Schools of Nursing offer 4-year course leading to a diploma.

• Agricultural Colleges offer 1-year certificate, 2-year higher certificate and 3-year diploma courses.



• Honor degree require one additional year of study

• Technikons also offer bachelor’s, master’s (4-year course) and doctoral degree programmes in technology.

• Master’s degrees (Magister Technologiae) require a minimum of 1-year of study.

• Doctorates (Laureatus in Technology/Doctor of Technology) require 2-year of study.

• School year consists of 196 school days (41 weeks) which is divided into 4 terms.



• Other relevant sectors:a. Special educationb. Private education or independent schoolsc. Adult and non-formal educationd. HIV/AIDS education

• Education is compulsory for children ages 5 to 16.• In the primary school, the subjects are taught by the same teacher for a year before moving to a the nest grade level on the next year.

5. Educational System in United Kingdom

• All schools whether private or state choose to follow the national curriculum.

• It is mandatory for all state schools to provide a balanced, broadly based curriculum which promotes spiritual, moral, cultural, mental and physical development which prepares them for opportunities, responsibilities and experiences of adult life.

• It includes religious education• It also includes sex and career education for secondary students.

• The National Curriculum core subjects include English, Mathematics, and Science

5. Educational System of United Kingdom

A. BASIC EDUCATIONAL

• * other statutory areas are religious education (format decided by Local Education Authorities or by the faith in which the school was founded)

• Stages:a. Foundational Stage—this is included in the National

Curriculum which covers children aged 3 – 5 years but does not have a strong mandate as to what needs to happen during these years of schooling as it is not yet mandatory.

b. Key Stage One*—it includes children aged 5 – 7 years and year groups grades 1 – 2. It mandates core subjects including English, Mathematics and Science, and non-core foundation subjects as design/technology, history, art/design, music and physical education.

5. Educational System of UKA. BASIC EDUCATIONAL• Stages:c. Key Stage Two—it includes children aged 7 to 11

and year groups 3 - 6. It mandates the same core and non-core foundational subjects, with more emphasis on more difficult topics and the addition of sex education.

d. Key Stage Three—it includes children aged 11– 14 years and year groups grades 7– 9. It mandates the same basics in Key Stages One and Two but adds foreign language, and information/Communication Technology to the mix while adding appropriate difficulty to the core subjects.

5. Educational System of UKA. BASIC EDUCATIONAL• Stages:e. Key Stage Four—it includes those aged 14 to 16 and

year groups 10 – 11. It covers the statutory program of study that must be taught to all students. Most schools include in their core curriculum courses that lead to qualifications in each of the five subject areas which are English, Math, Science, Information and Communication Technology (ICT), and Physical Education.

f. Post 16 Education—it is not mandatory. Students can either continue education or enter the working world. Some secondary schools go beyond the 11 – 18 mandate to 11 – 18 and the student may stay there.

• If the HS does not offer these Sixth Form extra years, the students may go to a Further Education College (FEC)

• The following certificates or diploma can be awarded in the post 16 education:

5. Educational System of UKA. BASIC EDUCATIONAL

a. General Certificate of Education (GCE), a level comprising Advanced Subsidiary (AS) and A2, each of these usually containing three assessed units.

b. Vocational Certificate of Education (VCE)- a level , dealing with the more applied aspects of the subject; they are available in three, six , and twelve units sizes ; they replaced the advanced General National Vocational Qualifications (GNVQs).

c. Foundation and Intermediate GNVQ are wisely used 16-19d. Key skills qualifications at levels 1-4 of the National

Qualifications framework.

• Universities are not only concerned with the undergraduate and postgraduate teaching.

• Needs to include reference to the Open University as a major provider of the undergraduate and postgraduate degrees for adults.

5. Educational System of UKB. HIGHER EDUCATION

• Undergraduate degrees are not permitted to place B.A or B.Sc. after their names

o Programs in universities usually 3-yr courses. o Honors degree programs usually 4-yr courseso Masters degree is usually achieved after 2 more

years study following an Ordinary or Honor degreeo Doctorate is normally awarded after several years

(3 yrs full time) of research.

• Levels of education are similar to those in other countries.

• There are public and private colleges, schools and universities.

• Public schools are funded by a city/state/federal government.

• Students living in the city/state pay less tuition because some tax money is used to subsidize the tuition.

• Private colleges and universities are supported primarily by tuition and private contributions

6. Educational System of U.S.A

• All students must pay the same tuition no matter where they come from.

1. Pre-primary Education—type of school that provides kindergarten, nursery schools, pre-school programmes, child/day care centers.-- age level is 4 – 6 years old and the duration is 2 years.



2. Primary Education (Elementary School) –a) Grades 1 to 4 --> children are from ages 6 to 10;

transition to Middle School.b) Grades 1 to 5 --> children are from ages 6 to 11;

transition to Middle School.c) Grades 1 to 6 --> children are from ages 6 to 12;

transition to Junior High Schoold) Grades 1 to 7 --> children are from ages 6 to 14;

transition to Junior High School.

3. Middle School Education—Grades 4 to 6, 5 to 7, or 6 to 8-- age level is from 10 to 14.-- length of the program is 3 years



4. Secondary Education (High School)—Grades 7 to 12 or 8 to 12-- ages 12 to 18 years old.-- HS Diploma is awarded.-- two levels: Junior HS and Grades 7 to 8, 7 to 9, or 8 to 9-- ages 12 to 14 years old: Senior HS

Grades 9 to 12, or 10 to 12 ages 14 to 18 years old.

• Duration of compulsory education is from entry of 6 years old to exit of 18 years old.

o Begins at the post secondary education.o It is a diverse and autonomous community of

publicly and privately supported institutions.


B. HIGHER EDUCATION

Classification according to the following categories:

• Data states that there are some 2, 819 institutions offering Bachelor’s or higher degrees and 4, 927 institutions offering shorter non-degrees of 2 years duration.

Research Universities (I and II) Doctorate-granting universities (I and II) Master’s (Comprehensive) Universities and Colleges (I and

II) Baccalaureate (Liberal Arts) Colleges (I and II) Associate of Arts Colleges Professional Schools & Other Specialized Institutions Postsecondary Vocational and Technical Schools


B. HIGHER EDUCATION Classification according to the following categories:

Research Universities (I and II)—Comprehensive doctorate granting institutions that have extensive theoretical and applied research in a wide variety of programs.

Doctorate-granting universities (I and II)—universities offering comprehensive studies but awards Doctorate in limited field of areas.

Master’s (Comprehensive) Universities and Colleges (I and II)—institutions offering academic and professional programmes at the Bachelor’s and Master’s level but do not award research doctorate


B. HIGHER EDUCATION Classification according to the following categories:

Baccalaureate (Liberal Arts) Colleges (I and II)—institutions offering Bachelor’s degrees but not higher.

Associate of Arts Colleges (I and II)—they offer academic and professional or occupational studies at the Associate Degree level including Public Community Colleges and Public and Private Junior Colleges.

Professional School and Other Specialized Institutions—institutions that offer only one or few related courses in the professional or academic wit degree levels from associate to research doctorates.

Postsecondary Vocational and Technical Schools—Institutions offering short non-degree training programs of less than 2 years duration, leading to certificates or diplomas in occupational specialties.


B. HIGHER EDUCATION5. Post Secondary Education—there is no real age

categories for post secondary education. Generally, American students start college right after completing high school.

• Vocational and Technical schools operate at either in the HS or Junior College Levels.

6. College and University Education—a college usually has a Bachelor’s program.-- a university may be composed of several colleges.-- university often have graduate programs as well-- the value of a degree is a reflection of how society views the particular college or university.

o Classes begin in September and end in June of every year.o Language of instruction is English.

Thank you

End of Report

Chapter 3: On Becoming A Global Teacher

Education

years problems

years honors

years senior hs

years junior hs

years old secondary

largest educational

various educational

japanese language education