Chemistry 1A: Chapter 3 Part A Page | 1 Chapter 3: Molecules, Compounds and Chemical Equations: Nomenclature, sections 3.1-3.7, 3.12 Homework: Read Chapter 3: Work out sample/practice exercises. Memorize the polyatomic ions, diatomic elements, prefixes for binary molecules, the first ten alkanes, and the Nomenclature rules of naming. Check for the MasteringChemistry.com assignment and complete before due date Pure Substances and Mixtures: Pure substances have one invariable composition (elements and compounds) Mixtures have a variable composition. Homogeneous mixtures (solutions) are those in which the mixing is uniform throughout the mixture (coffee, salt water, air) while Heterogeneous mixtures are those in which the mixture is not uniform, they vary in texture and have regions of different composition (soil, pencil). This section will give the rules on how to name simple pure substances.
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C h e m i s t r y 1 A : C h a p t e r 3 P a r t A P a g e | 1
Chapter 3: Molecules, Compounds and Chemical Equations: Nomenclature, sections 3.1-3.7, 3.12
Homework:
Read Chapter 3: Work out sample/practice exercises.
Memorize the polyatomic ions, diatomic elements, prefixes for binary molecules, the
first ten alkanes, and the Nomenclature rules of naming.
Check for the MasteringChemistry.com assignment and complete before due date
Pure Substances and Mixtures:
Pure substances have one invariable composition (elements and compounds)
Mixtures have a variable composition. Homogeneous mixtures (solutions) are
those in which the mixing is uniform throughout the mixture (coffee, salt water,
air) while Heterogeneous mixtures are those in which the mixture is not
uniform, they vary in texture and have regions of different composition (soil,
pencil). This section will give the rules on how to name simple pure substances.
C h e m i s t r y 1 A : C h a p t e r 3 P a r t A P a g e | 2
Chemical Bonds: Covalent bonds share electrons and are found in molecules made up when two
or more nonmetals combine.
Ionic bonds transfer electrons and are found in compounds made up from
combining cations (metals, positively charged) with anions (nonmetals,
negatively charged). The cation is always before the anion in the formula. The
net charge of the compound is zero.
Propane, C3H8 Sodium Chloride, NaCl
Acids and Bases:
Acids are substances that increase H+1 ions in water. The cation is H+1.
Bases are substances that increase OH-1 ions in water. The anion is often OH-1.
Structural Formula will show the specific connections between atoms within a molecule
and gives more information than a chemical formula alone.
C h e m i s t r y 1 A : C h a p t e r 3 P a r t A P a g e | 3
Empirical Formula is the simplest whole number ratio between atoms.
Nomenclature: Elements
Most elements are written in an atomic form and given the element name: Cu-
copper, He-Helium, Zn-zinc
Seven elements are diatomic and are called by their element name:
H2-hydrogen, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
A couple are polyatomic:
P4 is phosphorus, S8 is sulfur
Some elements form more than one molecule/structure (allotropes)
O2 is oxygen, O3 is ozone; C(graphite), C(diamond), C60
C h e m i s t r y 1 A : C h a p t e r 3 P a r t A P a g e | 4
Common names
Some molecules have been around so long they go by a common name: