Survey & documentation of Mangroves in Coastal Karnataka Environmental Management & Policy Research Institute 22 CHAPTER- 3 MANGROVE ASSOCIATES 3.1 Mangroves Species: The names of plant species that live in association with mangroves, or growing towards the drier outer edges of the swamps are mangrove associates. Many of these mangrove associates are present even in inland areas. Though numerous species of plants may be found close to the mangroves some of the mangrove associates have close fidelity to the mangrove habitat. Species in Karnataka includes Barringtonia spp. Caesalpinia bonducella, C. crista, Cerbera manghas, Clerodendrum inerme, Cyperus malaccensis, Derris trifoliata, Erythrina variegata, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Pongamia pinnata, Thespesia populnea etc. More details of the mangrove associates, under their respective families, are furnished in this chapter. 3.2 Associate species of Mangroves Sl. No. Family Species 1 Acanthaceae Hygrophila schulli: A rigid, erect herb with a whorl of 6 sharp thorns at each node, simple leaves and blue zygomorphic flowers (Figure 3.1). Widespread along the edges of coastal marshes. 2 Anacardiaceae Odina wodier (Kan: Gojjalu): A deciduous soft-wooded tree; pinnate compound leaves and panicle of small flowers when the tree is leafless in summer. More common near estuaries in Uttara Kannada and southern parts of Udupi district. 3 Apocynaceae Cerbera manghas (Kan: Chende): Shrub or small tree with white latex and white flowers; green fruits appear like mangoes; older fruits fibrous (Figure 3.2 & 3.3) Found on coastal moist soils and on banks of tidal inlets all over Karnataka. Often planted along hedges in estuarine areas Rauwolfia tetraphylla. Small shrub, growing gregariously; latex present; leaves of normally four in a whorl at the node. Fruits pea sized red berries. At Devbagh island in Kali estuary. 4 Arecaceae Borassus flabellifer (Kan: Talemara; Eng: Palmyra). This large, black- stemmed palm has terminal crown of large simple leaves; male and female palms separate; The female produces large fruit with 2-3 seeds (Figure 3.4). Somewhat widespread, but in small numbers, in the coastal plains of Udupi district. 5 Asteraceae Eclipta prostrata (Kan: Bhringaraj): Herb with white head of flowers. Moderately present on estuarine bunds and in adjoining fields. 6 Barringtoniaceae Barringtonia acutangula (Kan: Holekavu, Samudraphal): Medium sized evergreen tree with pendant racemes of pink flowers; fruit bluntly 4 angled. Rare: At Hankon and Halaga Kali river bank. Barringtonia racemosa (Kan: Holekavu, Samudraphal): Small to medium tree with 15-30 cm long leaves and cream coloured flowers with pink stamens in long hanging inflorescences. Rare: Alongside backwaters with low salinity; Mulkod island and Kulkod in Sharavati river. At Karkimakki, on the bank of Aghanashini; Kali river bank at Siddar. 7 Bignoniaceae Dolichondron spathacea: Tree close to coastal swamps and rivers; white fragrant flowers, and long bean like compressed pods; flat seeds with
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CHAPTER 3 MANGROVE ASSOCIATES€¦ · 3.1 Mangroves Species: The names of plant species that live in association with mangroves, or growing towards the drier outer edges of the swamps
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Survey & documentation of Mangroves in Coastal Karnataka
Environmental Management & Policy Research Institute 22
CHAPTER- 3
MANGROVE ASSOCIATES
3.1 Mangroves Species: The names of plant species that live in association with
mangroves, or growing towards the drier outer edges of the swamps are mangrove
associates. Many of these mangrove associates are present even in inland areas. Though
numerous species of plants may be found close to the mangroves some of the mangrove
associates have close fidelity to the mangrove habitat. Species in Karnataka includes
Barringtonia spp. Caesalpinia bonducella, C. crista, Cerbera manghas, Clerodendrum