Chapter 3 Kansas as a Crossroads

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Invasion and EncountersChapter 3Kansas as a CrossroadsFrancisco Vasquez de CoronadoSpanishCame on horsebackWore metal helmets and chain mailWealthy but wanted moreHeard story about 7 cities of goldLead him beyond New Mexico found no goldQuiviraIndian slave told Coronado the stories of QuiviraWealthy city were common citizens ate on silver plates and were served from bowls of goldCame to Kansas in search of it with 40 menEncountered the Wichita where the only metal he found was a copper necklace worn by the ChiefReturned to Mexico disappointedLost his job in Spanish governmentPut on trial for mistreatment of Native peoples (guilty)

French Exploration of KansasFrench Explorers100 yrs after Coronado visited the WichitaCame from CanadaLouis Jolliet placed the names Kansas and Missouri on the map for the 1st timeNever explored KansasFrench came to persuade Indians who lived here to form trade relationships with the French not SpanishClaude Charles Du TisneSent to contact ComancheComanche were very powerfulHad horses which help control the painsStole horses and mules to trade back to SpanishCaptured those from other tribes to sell as slavesFailed to make contact with the ComancheDid contact Osage and the PawneeTraded guns and ammo for info.Alarmed Spanish because neither wanted the other to have control of Kansas

Etienne Veniard de Bourgmont4yrs after Du TisneSent to establish control of Kansas by relationship with Kansa and the Plains ApacheGot the Plains Apache to agree to peace with other tribesEventual the agreements fizzled because the French ran out of what the Indians wanted Trading KansasEuropeans came and claimed Kansas as their own telling the tribes to swear allegiance to the monarchy or royal familySpain and France Traded Kansas back and forth with out consulting NativesViolation of sovereign rights- authority based on the power of governmentTrading Kansas Cont.SpanishFrenchRuled from afarWere not allowed to trade guns and ammunitionLived among the nativesOften married nativesWere allowed to trade guns and ammunitionTrading Kansas Cont.Europeans brought extra tensionNatives stole from each otherSold each other into slaveryBrought Diseases with themSmallpoxMeaslesWhooping coughInfluenzaEntire villages dried up because of these diseasesMeriwether Lewis and William ClarkKansas was part of Louisiana PurchaseThe object of your mission is to explore the Missouri Riverand other river[s which] may offer the most directwater connection across the continentEstablish relationship with Indians and record info about environment.Traveled mostly by boatZebulon Pike1st to travel the plains by landObjectivesReturn 50 OsagePeace between Osage and KansaRelationship with Comanche with help of PawneeObserve plants and animalsSpain was not happy about thisZebulon Pike:A DesertUnprepared for winter Pike was captured by Spain near the foot of the Rocky Mnts.Held for several monthsDocuments were takenJournal was not foundDescribed Kansas as a desert (p.52-53)Made people wonder if Kansas could be cultivatedStephen H. LongObjectiveMap the southwestern portion of the plainsTraveled by steamboatNever actually made it to Kansas because of mud.Some of his men were sent to KSHe went on to NebraskaStephen H. Long Cont.1st to publish a U.S. atlas with state and territorial mapsLabeled KS the Great Desertalmost wholly unfit for cultivation, and of course uninhabitable by people depending on agriculture for their subsistence.Influence U.S. settlement policy for years

Thirst for LandWestward expansion was encouraged for fear of European invasionIndian Removal ActMoved Indian Tribes in the East west of the Mississippi.Pres. Jackson felt Indians stood in the way of progressIndian Relocation to KansasEven before the Removal Act, Kansas was considered a home for Indians from the east.Some Americans like Isaac McCoy did fight for the IndiansWorried American influence would bring about the end of the Indian way of lifeWanted to create an Indian state were Indians would assimilate and convert to ChristianityEmigrant Indian ExperienceAssigned to reservationsRelocation was difficult because every tribe was different.HuntersFarmersTradersA few even assimilated before removalAll were forced to leave some by military forceBecause Kansas was unfamiliar many Native Americans did not survive in it. MissionariesDuring Indian relocation only non-Indians in KS worked for the government or traveled with the tribeMissionariesTradersIndian agentsWhat Do You See?

What Do You See

Why the Difference?

Why the Difference?

Missionaries Cont.Set up schoolsConvert IndiansTeach vocational skillsMixed reactions from Indians and publicBuilt by on reservation landUsually supported by government funds negotiated in a treatyChildren often boarded at the schoolMay goal was to Americanize the Indian child

Santa Fe TrailWilliam BucknellTrader from MissouriOut of money and looking to avoid jail time for debts decided to haul goods from Kansas City to Santa Fe.Found a route that allowed for wagons not just pack mulesSanta Fe Trail cont.Important International trade routeWilliam WalkerWyandotte ChiefRented warehouses in Independence, Missouri to store traded goodsHiram YoungFormer slave, bought his own freedomBecame wealthy by building wagonsSanta Fe Trail was a money maker for manyOne woman gave Becknell a $60 and received $900 back.Oregon-California TrailPurpose was to move people not goodsTook emigrants 4-6 months to make the trip from Western Missouri to the West CoastOnly other way west was by sea around South America which took 1 yr.2,000 mile journey most of which had to be walkedUsed 4X10 box wagons. All supplies had to fit in the wagonFood suppliesFourSugarSaltCoffeeBaconNeeded over 1,000 pounds of food for the trip and may people over packed there wagons and had to leave personal belongings on the side of the road.

Supply and DemandSupplyMore supply = lower pricesScarce supply = higher pricesDemandHigh Demand= higher pricesLow Demand= lower pricesFarther traveled on the trail the higher prices were because supply was low and demand was high on many products.American Indians and Emigrants on the TrailsMore cases of cooperation between Native Americans and settlers than of attacks particularly in the early years of the trailSanta Fe trail in KansasPassed through the homelands and hunting grounds of many tribesAmerican Indians and Emigrants on the Trails Cont.Once traffic on trail began to disrupt Indian lives attacks began and Mexican and American military groups were sent to protect the wagonsOregon-CaliforniaTrailMost encounters were also peacefulSettlers would trade with Indians specifically in the case of shoes settlers could purchase moccasins form indian.Also stories of Indians helping to pull out stuck wagons and rounding up loose cattle for the settlersManifest DestinyBelief that the United States should span from the Atlantic to Pacific oceans.Land = potential wealthPeople desired to take freedom west, to acquire land, and to expand.In the first half of the 1800s 4 million people followed this dream and moved west.