Chapter 3 HEREDITY
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Chapter 3 HEREDITY
The different forms of a gene that decide a characteristic are known as
alleles.
phenotype.
albinism.
pedigree.
25% 25%25%25%
1. alleles.2. phenotype.3. albinism.4. pedigree.
Instructions for an inherited trait are called
alleles.
phenotype.
albinism.
genes.
25% 25%25%25%1. alleles.2. phenotype.3. albinism.4. genes.
What is a feature that has different forms in a population?
Pedigree
Characteris
tic
Ferti
lization
albinism
25% 25%25%25%1. Pedigree2. Characteristic3. Fertilization4. albinism
What is a trait?
Diff
erent f
orms o
f meiosis
Diff
erent f
orms o
f mito
sis
Diff
erent f
orms o
f a ped...
Diff
erent f
orms o
f a ch
a...
25% 25%25%25%1. Different forms of meiosis
2. Different forms of mitosis
3. Different forms of a pedigree
4. Different forms of a characteristic
What is heredity?
Traits passi
ng on from of..
.
Traits passi
ng on from p...
Plants th
at are
cross-
pol...
The ratio of d
ominant to...
25% 25%25%25%1. Traits passing on from offspring to parent
2. Traits passing on from parents to offspring
3. Plants that are cross-pollinating
4. The ratio of dominant to recessive traits
The one thing that Gregor Mendel realized could explain the results of his experiment was that
the tr
aits w
ere appeari
n...
the m
ale traits
were alw
...
each tr
ait had tw
o sets
o...
his im
portant r
esearch
...
25% 25%25%25%
1. the traits were appearing at random.
2. the male traits were always dominant ones.
3. each trait had two sets of instructions, one from each parent.
4. his important research would open the door to modern genetics.
What did Mendel discover about recessive traits?
Recessi
ve traits
reappear..
.
Recessi
ve traits
disappea...
Recessi
ve traits
never a
...
Recessi
ve traits
become...
25% 25%25%25%1. Recessive traits reappear in the second generation.
2. Recessive traits disappear altogether.
3. Recessive traits never appear in the second generation.
4. Recessive traits become dominant.
What ration explained the grey flowers and white flowers in the second generation
1 to 1
2 to 1
3 to 1
4 to 1
25% 25%25%25%1. 1 to 12. 2 to 13. 3 to 14. 4 to 1
Why are the first generation flowers always gray?
Gray
is th
e dominant color.
Gray
is th
e rece
ssive
color.
Gray
is th
e darker color.
It is
just a co
incidence
.
25% 25%25%25%1. Gray is the dominant color.
2. Gray is the recessive color.
3. Gray is the darker color.
4. It is just a coincidence.
A plant with 2 dominant or 2 recessive alleles is said to be
hetero
zygous.
homozygous.
cross-
pollinating.
true-bre
eding.
25% 25%25%25%1. heterozygous.2. homozygous.3. cross-pollinating.4. true-breeding.
What kind of plant produces offspring with the same traits as the parent?
Co-dominance
Inco
mplete dominance
True-bre
eding
Non-b
reeding
25% 25%25%25%1. Co-dominance2. Incomplete
dominance3. True-breeding4. Non-breeding
What happens when a true-breeding plant self-pollinates?
One of it
s offsp
ring has t
..
Some of it
s offsp
ring hav..
.
All of it
s offsp
ring h
ave ...
None of it
s offsp
ring h
av...
25% 25%25%25%1. One of its offspring has the same traits as the parent.
2. Some of its offspring have the same traits as the parent.
3. All of its offspring have the same traits as the parent.
4. None of its offspring have the same traits as the parent.
When a plant fertilizes itself, it is called a(n)
Inco
mplete dominance
.
Co-dominance.
Self-
pollinating p
lant.
Cross-
pollinati
ng plant.
25% 25%25%25%1. Incomplete dominance.
2. Co-dominance.3. Self-pollinating
plant.4. Cross-pollinating
plant.
What is a phenotype?
The way a
n organism fe
els.
A group of 2
alleles.
A dominant gene.
The way a
n organism lo
...
25% 25%25%25%1. The way an organism feels.
2. A group of 2 alleles.3. A dominant gene.4. The way an
organism looks/
Why do sex linked disorders occur more often in males?
Males h
ave 2 X chro
mo...
Males h
ave only 1 X ch...
Males h
ave 2 Y chro
mo...
Males h
ave 1 X and 2 Y...
25% 25%25%25%1. Males have 2 X chromosomes
2. Males have only 1 X chromosome
3. Males have 2 Y chromosomes
4. Males have 1 X and 2 Y chromosomes
What is it called when cells are copied with half the number of chromosomes?
DNA
Meiosis
A nucleus
Mito
sis
25% 25%25%25%1. DNA2. Meiosis3. A nucleus4. Mitosis
How are sex cells different than other human cells?
Sex ce
lls have m
ore ch
...
Sex ce
lls have half a
s ma..
Sex ce
lls are
large
r
Sex ce
lls have no ch
ro...
25% 25%25%25%1. Sex cells have more chromosomes
2. Sex cells have half as many chromosomes
3. Sex cells are larger4. Sex cells have no
chromosomes
Each parent gives one set of these to the offspring.
Genes
Genotyp
ess
Phenotypes
Meiosis
25% 25%25%25%1. Genes2. Genotypess3. Phenotypes4. Meiosis
This diagram is used to trace a trait through generation of a family.
Pedigree ch
art
Punnett square
Meiosis
box
Generation sq
uare
25% 25%25%25%
1. Pedigree chart2. Punnett square3. Meiosis box4. Generation square
If (B) is dominant, and a brown rate mates with a white rat and 50% of their offspring are white, what are the genotypes of the
two parent rats?
BB, bb
Bb, bb
BB, Bb
Bb, Bb
25% 25%25%25%
1. BB, bb2. Bb, bb3. BB, Bb4. Bb, Bb
A brown rat and a white rat mate and produce all brown rats. This is an example of
Co-dominance
Dominance
Inco
mplete dominance
rece
ssive
ness
25% 25%25%25%
1. Co-dominance2. Dominance3. Incomplete
dominance4. recessiveness
A brown rat and a white rat mate and produce brown rats with white spots. This is an example of
Co-dominance
Dominance
Inco
mplete dominance
rece
ssive
ness
25% 25%25%25%
1. Co-dominance2. Dominance3. Incomplete
dominance4. recessiveness
A brown rat and a white rat mate and produce a tan colored rat. This is an example of
Co-dominance
Dominance
Inco
mplete dominance
rece
ssive
ness
25% 25%25%25%1. Co-dominance2. Dominance3. Incomplete
dominance4. recessiveness
• Be able to identify 2 ways that plants can cross pollinate.
• Know how to fill in a Punnett Square and answer questions about % of traits of offspring, and what the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring will be
For rabbits, the allele for black fur, B, is dominant over the allele for white fur, b. Suppose two black bunny parents have three black bunnies and one white bunny. Using a Punnett square show and then explain the genotypes of the parents and the possible genotypes of all four offspring. Explain what percentage will be black and white.
Explanation of genotypes & phenotypes:
Parents: Genotype = Phenotype_____ = ___________________= _______________Offspring:
Genotype = Phenotype Ratio______ = _______________ ____%______ = _______________ ____%______ = _______________ ____%
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