Chapter 3 Colonial America Section 1

7/30/2019 Chapter 3 Colonial America Section 1

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Chapter 3, Section 1

Early English Settlements


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In this section, we will learn:

1. Why Englands first two attempts to start a colonyfailed.

2. What crop saved Jamestown colony.3. How the colonists received political rights.


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Charter

Joint-stock company

Burgesses


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England and Spain had been heading toward war foryears.

Trading rivalry and religious differences divided thetwo countries.

Philip II of Spain had issues with Queen Elizabeth and

didnt see her as the rightful ruler of England.


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Set sail the following year.

He looked for a good place to settle and found

Roanoke Island off the coast of present-day NorthCarolina.

The land was good for farming and the local people

were most gentle, loving, and faithful.


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In 1585, Raleigh sent about 100 men to settle onRoanoke Island.

After a difficult winter on the island, the unhappy (andcold) colonists returned to England.

Two years later, Raleigh tried again. John White, amapmaker and artist, led the group. (91 men, 17

women, and 9 children)

They began to build a permanent colony.


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White sailed to England for more supplies and torecruit more settlers. Although he had hoped to beback within a few months, the war with Spain delayedhis return for three years.

When he finally returned, the island was deserted.

One clue to the fate of the settlers was found. The

word Croatoanwas carved on a gatepost.

The colonists were never seen again.


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What do you think happened to the Roanoke settlers?When did they leave? Why? Write a tale telling yourstory explaining the mystery.


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Roanoke was Sir Walter Raleighs last attempt toestablish a colony.

For a time, his failure discouraged others fromplanning English colonies in North America.

Many sought chartersright to organize settlements

in an area, from King James I.


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One group of merchants, the Virginia Company ofLondon, received a charter to make habitation intothat part of America, commonly called Virginia.

The Virginia Company was a joint-stock company.Investors bought stock, or part ownership, in thecompany in return for a share of its future profits.

In April 1607, the ships entered Chesapeake Bay and

then sailed up a river flowing into the bay. The colonists named the river the James and their new

settlement Jamestown. Why would they do this?


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Governing Jamestown was perhaps the biggestobstacle the colonists faced.

The colony survived its second year under the

leadership ofCaptain John Smith.

He was 27, a soldier and an explorer who arrived in1608.

Smith forced settlers to work and managed to get cornfrom the Powhatan people.


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The Virginia Company replaced Smith with a governor,Lord De La Warr (Hmmhis name sounds awfully familiar,does it not?), and a period of strict rule began.

The colonists barely survived the winter of 1609-1610.

Trouble also broke out with the Native Americans. 300desperately hungry colonists had to barricade themselvesinside their walls.

When new settlers arrived in May, they found only 60survivors .


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Virginian colonists found no gold or silver but the diddiscover another way to make money for the investorsgrowing tobacco.

Tobacco had become popular in Europe though some

people found smoking unhealthy and disgusting. King James I, for example, called it a vile and stinking

custom.

One colonist,John Rolfe, learned to grow a type of

tobacco that was less bitter. Relations with the Powhatan also improved after Rolfe

marriedPocahontas, the daughter of Chief Powhatan.


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(Disneys Pocahontas (left) andThe New World (right))


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At his entrance before the king, all the people gave a great shout.The queen of Appamatuck was appointed to bring him water to

wash his hands, and another brought him a bunch of feathers,instead of a towel to dry them: having feasted him after theirbest barbarous manner they could, a long consultation was held,but the conclusion was, two great stones were brought beforePowhatan: then as many as could laid hands on him, draggedhim to them, and thereon laid his head, and being ready withtheir clubs, to beat out his brains, Pocahontas the king's dearestdaughter, when no entreaty could prevail, got his head in herarms, and laid her own upon his to save him from death: whereatthe Emperor was contented he should live to make him hatchets,and her bells, beads, and copper; for they thought him as well ofall occupations as themselves. For the king himself will make hisown robes, shoes, bowes, arrows, pots; plant, hunt, or do

anything so well as the rest. Captain John SmithQuestion: What kind of source is this?


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In the early years of the Jamestown colony, nearly all ofthe settlers were men.

The governors imposed rigid discipline and organizedthe settlers into work gangs.

This military rule eventually ended. A man named SirGeorge Yeardley allowed the men of the colony to electrepresentatives called burgesses to an assembly.

The assembly had the right to make local laws for thecolony.

House of Burgesses


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A Dutch ship brought another group of newcomers toJamestown in 161920 Africans who were sold toVirginia planters to labor in the tobacco fields.

These first Africans may have come as servants ratherthan slaves.

In 1620, the Virginia Company faced financial troubles.

In 1624, King James cancelled the company's charterand took control of the colony, making it Englandsfirst royal colony in America.

Chapter 3 Colonial America Section 1

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