Chapter 3. Based on the picture on pg. 94-95. Do you know the origin of the name of the MRT station? What do the photographs tell you about its name?

IMMIGRANTS TO COLONIAL SINGAPORE

Chapter 3

Based on the picture on pg. 94-95. Do you know the origin of the name of the MRT station?

What do the photographs tell you about its name?

Can you think of other buildings or roads in Singapore that were named after old occupations or early immigrant communities? (Group Activity)

http://remembersingapore.wordpress.com/2011/04/11/interesting-singapore-road-names/

http://www.streetdirectory.com/travel_guide/singapore/local_guide/streetnames/

TEXTBOOK PG 95• the nature of the occupation• the specific group of immigrants that was

carrying out this occupation.

The photograph seemed to show Indian men washing clothes in the stream.

Since the words “dhobi” and “ghat” are in Hindi, it will confirm that the identities of these men are Indian immigrants.

Dhoby Ghaut has its origin from the occupation of the Indian washermen as well as the steps that they used to descend into the river in order to wash clothes.

OUR INQUIRY QUESTION

Why did people come to colonial Singapore before World War Two?

Unpacking the inquiry question: Who? When? Time frame Why?- explanation of reasons

PAGES 92-93

Looking at the photograph of the children working, what do you think their lives were like?

Would the lives of the children be the same as that of the group of Chinese men shown in the photograph below?

Which countries do you think these people featured in the photographs came from?

Is there any relationship between the lives the people led and the countries that they came from? Explain your answer.

PAGE 96

How would you describe the scene in this picture?

Can you guess what conditions might have been like during the journey to Singapore?

Why did these people take the journey despite these conditions?

WHO WERE THE DIFFERENT PEOPLE COMING TO SINGAPORE IN THE 19TH AND THE EARLY 20TH CENTURIES Page 100

WHERE DID THE IMMIGRANTS COME FROM?

•Europeans from Germany, Portugal and Britain sailed to Southeast Asia

•Most of them who came to Singapore were British

Southern Provinces

Fujian- Hokkiens

Guangdong- Cantonese, Teochews & Hakkas

Hainan Island- Hainanese

Saudi Arabia

•Arabs came to trade

South Indian Tamils

Tamils and Sinhalese from Sri Lanka

Punjabis & Sikhs from Punjab

Bengalis from Bengal

Gujeratis from Gujerat

Parsees from Bombay

Some of them were Muslims

LETS BRAINSTORM

Why do you think people leave their homeland?

Would you leave Singapore?Explain

WHAT WERE THE REASONS FOR MASS MIGRATION IN THE 19TH CENTURY?

What is migration? Physical movement of large groups of

people over long distances. Why? 1) Industrial Revolution 2)End of slave trade 3)Opening of the Suez canal

1) INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Time of major improvements in technology and mass production

Creation of mass industries and more goods

Need for more raw materials such as rubber, tin and coal

Migration to search for these raw materials

Improvements in seafaring due to invention of steam technology

2) END OF SLAVE TRADE

Began in the 16th century

Refer to textbook pg 107

Shortage of cheap/free labour

European countries allowed people to migrate to work in their colonies to deal with the shortage.

3) SUEZ CANAL 1869

Shortened the journey between Europe and other parts of the world

Travel also became cheaper

REASONS FOR COMING TO SINGAPORE

Poverty and Starvation Unrest and InstabilityOverpopulation natural disasters wars lawlessness rebellions

PUSH FACTORS

PUSH FACTORS

Poverty and starvation due to Overpopulation and Natural Disasters

JAVA CHINA INDIAUnder Dutch rule Overpopulation Natural Disasters

Cultivation System: (page111) Insufficient farmland Failure of monsoon rains

Land used for export crops instead of rice Fujian and Guangdong Droughts Famines (page 113)

shortage mountainous

famines limited land for growing epidemics crops Great famine1876-1878 harsh living conditions starvation ( page 112)

Migrated to Singapore Migrated to Singapore Migrated to Singapore

PUSH FACTORS

Unrest and Instability JAVA CHINA INDIA Wars Rebellions and Wars Wars and Rebellions

Among local Against Qing British &Rulers against Dynasty (pg 115) Indian rulers Dutch Clan wars Sepoy Mutiny Java war eg.between Cantonese & Hakkas 1825-1830 Civil wars Rebels captured by British cultivated land after collapse of Qing Dy. Sent as convict labour to colonies. damaged i) among Warlords food shortage ii) btw Guomingdang forces Communist Red army MIGRATION MIGRATION MIGRATION

PULL FACTORS

Better Job opportunities

Better trade & business opportunities

Why immigrants came to Singapore in late 19th & early 20th Centuries.

SINGAPORE’S ADVANTAGES

Geographical location Situated along Straits of Malacca which

connected the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea.• Mid-point of the trade route between Britain , India and South China• Convenient meeting point for many

merchants and traders• Many different goods found and traded • A free port• More profits made compared to other ports in

the region.• Free immigration policy• No restrictions on immigrants . Could come

and go without having to pay for immigrant passes and papers.

• Thus, many poorer immigrants from China • and India could come.

Better job prospects (pg 128-129)

. Singapore new & growing settlement. British need to build infrastructure.

Labour needed to do this.

WHY DID PEOPLE COME TO SINGAPORE BEFORE WW II ( PAGE 121)

Point: Poverty & Starvation

Many people left their homeland ______________ Elaboration: People from

Java came because______ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________• Evidence: The situation in • India was also very _____• _____________________

_________________ ______________________ ______________________

• Link As a result of these

• unfavourable conditions

______________________ ______________________ ______________________ _______________________

WHY DID PEOPLE COME TO COLONIAL SINGAPORE BEFORE WW II (PAGE 121)

Point: Unrest &instability in other countries_______ Elaboration: The constant fighting in these countries made it ________________ _______________________ _______________________• Evidence: One example • Were the wars in India.___ _______________________ ______________________ _______________________

Evidence:Similarly,there was unrest and instability in China._______________

_______________________ _______________________ _______________________• Link: Therefore, unrest

and• Instability ____________ _____________________ ______________________ ______________________

WHY DID THE IMMIGRANTS COME TO SINGAPORE? (PAIRWORK)

Country Push Factors Pull Factors

Java

China

India

SEQ

A) Explain why the Javanese migrated to Singapore. pg111

B) Explain why the Chinese migrated to Singapore. Pg 112

C) Explain why the Indians migrated to Singapore.pg 113

DISCUSSION

Why do immigrants still choose to come to Singapore today. Do they come here for the same reasons? What makes Singapore attractive?