Chapter 3

CHAPTER 3

The English Establish 13 Colonies

Section 1 Early Colonies Have Mixed Success

Virginia Dare: 1st English child born in America.

Croatoan: Local tribe and was carved in a tree. When White returned to Roanoke he found it and discovered everyone disappeared.

Roanoke failed as an English settlement

The First English Colonies Sir Walter Raleigh: Got permission to

sponsor England’s first American colony. He named the colony Virginia.

Troubles 1. Lack of food 2. Local Tribes This forced the colonists back to England

Financing a Colony Joint Stock Company: companies funded

by a group of investors. Investors: person who puts money into a

project to earn a profit. 1. Virginia Company of London 2. Virginia Company of PlymouthMercantillism: Economic system that European

nations used to enrich their treasures.Charter: A written contract, issued by

Government giving rights to establish a colony.

Jamestown is Founded in 1607 Jamestown - 1st permanent English

settlement in North America. Jamestown Struggles to Survive Become sick/ Lack of Water and Food Looked for gold instead of building and

preparing for winter. John Smith: took control of colony. He

brought order to the colony

Powhatan Tribe: Trade with colonists but still had an intense relationship. Until Chief’s daughter… Pocahontas married John Rolfe.

Tobacco Transform the Colony They didn’t find gold but found another

product that brought them wealth… Tobacco

1614: sent 1st shipment back to England. Very Popular and ensured survival of colony.

Colonists demanded a share/ company gave them land. Colonists worked harder than ever.

Along the Chesapeake Bay and James River so you can ship directly to England.

Headright: 50 acre land grant / who could pay way to colony.

Indentured Servant: One’s who couldn’t pay their way. Worked for landlord #4 to 6 years given freedom.

The House of Burgesses is Formed

1619- 1st representative assembly in colonies. 1. Passed Local Laws 2. Taxes• Representative Government• James I took back company’s charter turned

Virginia into a royal colony- ruled by King –appointed official.

• Got rid of the assembly• Colonist petitioned for representation in the

Colonies until James I death and Charles I restored the assembly.

Section 2 New England Colonies

John Winthrop: Puritan leader who became 1st governor of Massachusetts.

The Voyage of the May Flower Dissenters: people who disagree with England’s

official church.Religious Freedom and Self Government

Separatist: wanted to separate from church of England.

King James – Persecuted or mistreated – the separation for rejecting England’s official church.

The escaped persecuted fled to Holland a country known for its tolerance: acceptance of different opinions.

Pilgrims or separatists: a person who goes on a religious journey .

Pilgrims Found Plymouth (Nov. 1620) Settlement called Plymouth. Most men signed agreement

Mayflower Compact: document that helped establish the practice of self government

Squanto: taught pilgrims to plant nature crop.

1621- 3 day feast do a good harvest. It was the first Thanksgiving in New England.

This feast represented peace between English Settlers and Native Americans.

Puritans Come to Mass. Bay

Puritans: purify the English Church They founded Boston, which is the most

important town in New England 1630- 1640 – 20,000 settlers came to the

area called the Great Migration

The New England Way Religious- commonwealth- self governing

congregation. Congregation: A group of people who

belong to the same church. Congregationalist: (The New England

Way) Puritan Values

1.hard work 2. education 3. Representative governmentFreeman- could vote male church member

Mass. Bay “Seeds” New England

Mass. Is a seed colony: out of which other New England colonies grew.

Puritans felt threatened and left Mass.

Rhode Island Welcomes Dissenters

Roger Williams shocked the puritans by: The colonists had no right to take Native

American land No one should be forced to attend church Puritans should not impose their religious

beliefs on anyone Church and state should be kept separateHe was banished for his beliefs. He founded

Rhode Island colony. That colony guaranteed tolerance and separation of state

Also started 1st Baptist church in America

Anne Hutchinson: dissenter – Left and went to Rhode Island. She believed that many of the clergy were not among the elect- those chosen by God for salvation.

John Wheelwright: also fled an established Exeter which is now New Hampshire.

Conn. Extends Voting Rights

Hooker- moved congregation to Conn Valley

Settlers wrote Fundamental Order of Conn.- Voting Rights to non-church members – representatives Government

Puritans wouldn’t 6+ intolerant of Quakers – Protestant dissenters.

Quakers believed women were equal to men. Women served as preachers and missionaries.

Threatened the New England Way

Martyrs: people who choose to die for a religious purpose.

A famous martyr: Mary Dyer New England Settlers came from the

middle ranks of English society. Many were highly skilled and educated.

Section 3 The Southern Colonies

Lord Baltimore Founds Maryland (1634) The second Southern colony was founded,

Maryland. It was on the Chesapeake Bay. It was in tended to be a new society free from religious

conflicts of Europe.The Act of Toleration Gave Maryland to Lord Baltimore as a proprietary

colony: a colony governed by a single owner. The first settlement was St. Mary’s City. It became the

capital. Colonists were allowed to elect an assembly and in

1649 the Act of Toleration : forbade religious persecution.

Maryland Raised tobacco Used up the nutrients in the soil /

continued to clear land Planters always searching for workers The workers were:

1. slaves 2. indentured servants

Religious Conflict in Maryland The Carolinas

In 1640 England was in a civil war and colonization stopped.

In 1660’s Monarchy was restored and Charles II King rewarded 8 supporters by giving the land for a new colony (The Carolinas)

Owners Offer A. offers religious toleration B. large land grants C. Political representation

Charleston It was a refuge for Huguenots: or French

Protestants who fled France.Rice and Slavery• Cash crop for Carolina’s was RICE• Elite: High ranking group. The elite used slaves to

raise cash crops. The slaves outnumbered the elite and the elite feared a revolt.

Colonist RevoltColonists were unhappy that proprietors did not

provide military protection from Spanish and Native Americans.

Colonists overthrew proprietors rule. King took over and made North and South Carolina a royal colony. The Governors were appointed by the king.

Georgia James Oglethorpe received a charter for

Georgia. 1st settlement was Savannah Debtors and Poor could make a new start. Diversity and variety could make a new start. All religions were welcomed but Catholics.

The were to sympathize with Spanish. Oglethorpe had strict rules. He opposed large

plantations and slavery. Poor settlers to set up small farms.

Feared slave revolt would weaken colony.

Upset with South Carolina’s prosperity. Georgia legalized Slavery and Royal Colony. Also turned into Plantation Society.

Region of the SouthRegion:Tidewater- Soil and Climate- warm water crops1. Tobacco2. Rice3. Indigo

The Middle Colonies The Dutch – founded New Netherlands –

Peter Stuyvesant, the new governor Restored order to wild colonial outpost Weren’t bounded together- stop the

diversity Modern Day New York Diversity was their strength

Settling The Middle Colonies Attracted a population of great ethnic and

religious background New Netherland – along the Hudson River Largest Town – New Amsterdam Patroon – A person who brought so

settlers to New Netherlands Received large land grant Hunting, fishing, and fur trading privileges Religious Tolerance

The English Take Control English ran Dutch from New Netherlands-

King Charles II Duke of York- Ships arrived Dutch

surrendered and English renamed the colony New York- Proprietor Colony.

Duke of York- Largest Landowner in America

The province New Jersey gave to Sir George Carteret and Lord John Berkley.

William Penn- Another land owner –Born to a rich family that loaned Charles II money.

Gave him land to pay back his debt. Pennsylvania – “Penn’s Woods”

Penn granted 3 lower counties own assembly and a later known as a colony of Delaware.

Penn joined Quakers to dismay of father Practice their beliefs Free of PersecutionPennsylvania- “Holy Experiment”

Capital – PhiladelphiaRichest Colonies in America- WealthiestBy 1730’s -13 colonies are thrivingPopulation –Doubling every 25 years

Section 1&2 Quiz 1. People who put money into a project to

earn profits? 2. 1st permanent English settlement in

North America? 3. 50 acres / land grant? 4. wanted to separate from the Church of

England? 5. The Ship the Pilgrims sailed on? 6. Wanted to purify the Church of England? 7. Founded Rhode Island? 8. -10. Puritan Values?