Chapter 29

Botkin and KellerEnvironmental Science 5e

Chapter 29

Waste Management


Modern Trends

• Industrial Ecology– The study of relationships among industrial

systems and their links to natural systems


Integrated Waste Management

• Includes:– Reduce, reuse, recycle– Composting– Landfill– Incineration


Materials Management

• A visionary goal requiring more sustainable use of materials combined with resource conservation– Eliminate subsides for extraction of virgin materials– Establish “green building” incentives– Assess financial penalties– Provide financial incentives– Increase new jobs


Solid-Waste Management

• Composition• On-Site Disposal• Composting• Incineration• Open Dumps• Sanitary Landfills



Sanitary Landfills

• Are designed to concentrate and contain refuse without creating a hazard to public health or safety

• Considerations:– Leachate is produced– Site Selection: Environmental justice– Monitoring Pollution– Federal Legislation





Hazardous Waste

• Waste that is classified as definitely or potentially hazardous to the health of people

• Serious environmental problems• Uncontrolled disposal sites could cause

serious health problems• Need to develop safe disposal methods


Hazardous Waste Legislation

• Resource Conservation and Recovery Act• CERCLA• Environmental Audit• Secure Landfill• Land Application• Surface Impoundment• Deep-Well Disposal



Alternatives to Hazardous Waste

• Source reduction, Recycling and resources recovery, Treatment, Incineration

• Advantages– Chemicals can be reused– Less toxic = less problems– Smaller volume of waste– Less stress of waste disposal sites




Ocean Dumping

• Types of Waste– Dredge spoils– Industrial wastes– Sewage sludge– Construction debris– Solid waste

• The most seriously affected areas are near shore



Pollution Prevention

• Identifying ways to prevent the generation of waste, rather than finding ways to dispose of it– Correct purchasing amounts– Better control of materials– Substituting non-toxic chemicals– Improving engineering

Chapter 29

Documents

generation of waste

public health

serious health problemsneed

resources recovery

sustainable use of materials

affected areas

producedsite selection

industrial systems