Chapter 24, Section 2. “Peace without Victory” ◦ Failed Began to Lobby for a stronger Army Wilson ran on the slogan, “He kept us out of War” ◦ Race.

From Neutrality to War

Chapter 24, Section 2

“Peace without Victory”◦ Failed

Began to Lobby for a stronger Army

Wilson ran on the slogan, “He kept us out of War”◦ Race was close

between Charles Evan Hughes

Wilson’s Peace Efforts

After February 1, 1917 Germany warned nations they would sink any ships nearing Britain◦ Wilson broke off ties

with Germany Why didn’t he just tell

company’s to stop shipping?

Moving Toward War

February, Wilson learned that Arthur Zimmermann, German’s foreign secretary, had sent a secret note the German minister in Mexico

Zimmermann telegram instructed the German minister to convince Mexico to attack the US if they declared War on Germany◦ In return they would give

back Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico

Moving Toward War- Zimmermann telegram

Wilson did not agree with the government in Russia◦ Dictatorship

March 1917 after many years in war, economic hardship at home, shortage of food, and discontent the Czar was overthrown◦ Democratic reforms

Wilson could support the Allies

Moving Toward War- Revolution in Russia

April 2, 1917 President Wilson asked Congress to declare war◦ Congress voted for

war 455-56 April 6, the

president signed the declaration of war

Moving Toward War- War Comes

Raising an Army Selective Service Act

◦ Men from 21-30 to register for war

Educating the Troops 25 percent were

illiterate◦ Taught how to fight,

read, eat nutritiously, and care for daily health needs

New reforms in schools

Preparing to fight

Wilson set up government agencies

Food Administration Herbert Hoover was

in charge of keeping the troops fed◦ “Victory Gardens”◦ “Wheatless Monday”◦ “Meatless Tuesday”

Managing the War Effort

War Industries Board◦ Told factories what they

had to produce.◦ Provided for sharing of

limited resources and decided what prices should be set

War Labor Board◦ Settle disputes over

working hours and wages and tried to prevent strikes Unions were backed by the

government

Managing the War Effort

Liberty Bonds- American citizens were lending money to the government to pay for the war◦ 21 billion

Four minute men Women Workers

◦ Assembled weapons, airplane parts, drove trolley cars, and delivered mail

The Home Front

Anti-German Prejudice

Schools stop teaching the German language

1918 Mob lynched Robert Prager◦ Born in Germany◦ Mob leaders never

convicted

The Home Front

Great Migrations◦ The draft drained cities

and factories of needed workers African Americans Mexican Americans

◦ Competition for housing and jobs sometimes led to race riots

◦ When veterans returned and unemployment grew, the United States tried to force Mexican workers to return to Mexico

The Home Front

Pacifists- people who refuse to fight in any war because they believe the war is evil

Socialist believes that the people as a whole rather than private individuals should own all property and share the profits from all businesses

Espionage act- crime to criticize the government or interfere with the war effort.◦ Eugene V. Debs- jailed for

protesting the draft 13th amendment

Enslavement and servitude 10 years in jails

Opposition to the War