Chapter 2.4 Independence and its Challenges I. Growth of Nationalism After the scramble for African Independence was demanded this pushed for a new idea.

Chapter 2.4 Independence Chapter 2.4 Independence and its Challengesand its Challenges

I. Growth of NationalismI. Growth of Nationalism

After the scramble for African After the scramble for African Independence was demanded this Independence was demanded this pushed for a new idea of Nationalism pushed for a new idea of Nationalism or a feeling of pride for their or a feeling of pride for their homeland, this then begins the push homeland, this then begins the push and fight for independenceand fight for independence

A. Political Parties and NationalismA. Political Parties and Nationalism

Most Europeans didn’t see Africans as Most Europeans didn’t see Africans as equals, thus African leaders knew this equals, thus African leaders knew this would be a huge fight for would be a huge fight for IndependenceIndependence

The first step was to build unity in The first step was to build unity in Africa nation wideAfrica nation wide

They formed the political party “South They formed the political party “South African Native National Congress” African Native National Congress”

They protested anything that didn’t They protested anything that didn’t allow freedom for Africansallow freedom for Africans

B. Pan-AfricanismB. Pan-Africanism

This movement was the belief that all This movement was the belief that all Africans should work together for Africans should work together for rights and freedomrights and freedom

It stressed unity and cooperation It stressed unity and cooperation with the slogan “Africa for Africans”with the slogan “Africa for Africans”

Lead by Leopold Senghor who was a Lead by Leopold Senghor who was a poet and political leader who pushed poet and political leader who pushed

traditions of Ancient Africa to come outtraditions of Ancient Africa to come out

II. Africa and WWIIII. Africa and WWII

African Independence received a African Independence received a huge boost when WWII unfolded this huge boost when WWII unfolded this pushed the continent towards pushed the continent towards additionaladditional

freedomsfreedoms

A. Invasion of Northern AfricaA. Invasion of Northern Africa

During WWII America with Britain During WWII America with Britain and France formed the Allies (good and France formed the Allies (good guys) who fought against Hitler who guys) who fought against Hitler who was trying to take over the worldwas trying to take over the world

Hitler with Italy invaded North Africa Hitler with Italy invaded North Africa so Africa began supporting the Allies so Africa began supporting the Allies

to get their country backto get their country back

B. An Inspirational VictoryB. An Inspirational Victory

Once the allies attained victory this Once the allies attained victory this made Africa happy and more excited made Africa happy and more excited than ever for independence and than ever for independence and FreedomFreedom

III. Different Paths to IndependenceIII. Different Paths to Independence

Not only did war inspire Not only did war inspire independence but it also weekend independence but it also weekend their enemiestheir enemies

Colonialism was slowing down and Colonialism was slowing down and European countries were poor and European countries were poor and weak after the war so they couldn’t weak after the war so they couldn’t keep all their African Colonieskeep all their African Colonies

Plus the U.S. was really why they Plus the U.S. was really why they won and we were against colonizing won and we were against colonizing so Europe began giving up coloniesso Europe began giving up colonies

A. From Gold Coast to GhanaA. From Gold Coast to Ghana

Many African countries began Many African countries began peaceful strikes and boycotts to peaceful strikes and boycotts to trade until freedom was gainedtrade until freedom was gained

Ghana’s new president Kwame Ghana’s new president Kwame Nkrumah helped Ghana gain freedom Nkrumah helped Ghana gain freedom which allowed them to want to trade which allowed them to want to trade

B. War in AlgeriaB. War in Algeria

The French thought of Algeria as The French thought of Algeria as more of a colony, and felt it was just more of a colony, and felt it was just part of their country and refused to part of their country and refused to give it upgive it up

Algeria disagreed and a bloody war Algeria disagreed and a bloody war broke out, 8 years later and broke out, 8 years later and hundreds of thousands of lives gone hundreds of thousands of lives gone they finally won independencethey finally won independence

C. Challenges of IndependenceC. Challenges of Independence

Freedom was new to AfricansFreedom was new to Africans Leaders had very little preparation in Leaders had very little preparation in

governing free nations so it was very governing free nations so it was very unstableunstable

Because of this militaries often took Because of this militaries often took power to hold areas together but this power to hold areas together but this also could be bad why???also could be bad why???

D. Building a DemocracyD. Building a Democracy

A Government run by its citizens isn’t A Government run by its citizens isn’t always the easiest to createalways the easiest to create

Some countries remained very Some countries remained very traditional while others moved traditional while others moved forward with new ideasforward with new ideas

While still very young as a While still very young as a democracy at 50 years in comparison democracy at 50 years in comparison to the U.S. over 200 years, only time to the U.S. over 200 years, only time will tell whether it will last or notwill tell whether it will last or not