Chapter 23-World War 1 The U.S had done much to become a world power in the early twentieth century. As President Wilson took over the presidency it was time for the country to learn the consequences of this type of power. Tensions in Europe were high at this time. Soon a war the likes of which had never been seen before-World War I-would affect the United States and most of Europe.In this chapter you will learn what cause WWI and what resulted from
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Chapter 23-World War 1 The U.S had done much to become a world power in the early twentieth century. As President Wilson took over the presidency it was.
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Chapter 23-World War 1
The U.S had done much to become a world power in the early twentieth century. As
President Wilson took over the presidency it was time for the country to learn the consequences of this type of power.
Tensions in Europe were high at this time. Soon a war the likes of which had never
been seen before-World War I-would affect the United States and most of Europe.In
this chapter you will learn what cause WWI and what resulted from it.
Does anyone know the significance of the poppy?
“The war to end all wars”
President Woodrow Wilson
•Progressives liked Wilson., he was able to get Congress to pass his reform laws
•16th Amendment was ratified, making it legal to tax someone's income. Reformers only wanted the wealthy to pay tax, common workers were too poor.
The War Begins in Europe
•For many years European countries competed for trade markets
•Also, tried to control the same colonies
•Some countries wanted to regain land lost in previous wars
•Smaller countries wanted to gain independence from larger, ruling nations
•Each nation tried to build the strongest army
Two Alliances FormWhat is an Alliance?
One group of allies the Central Powers: Austria-Hungary, Germany, Turkey and Italy
The other group of allies the Allied Powers: Great Britain, France, And Russia
They did not trust each other!
Bosnia•Had been part of the Austro-Hungarina Empire since 1908
•People of Bosnia did not want to be a part of this empire they wanted to be included in Serbia, a neighbor
•Talks of rebellion began, tensions rose in the country
So…
In June of 1914 the Emperor of Austria-Hungary sends his nephew to the capital of Bosnia (Sarajevo) to try and improve relations.
How it all began:
The nephew of the Emperor: Archduke Francis Ferdinand
An attempt to bomb the Archdukes car failed, another car was hit instead.
The Archduke goes to visit the injured people in the hospital
He and his wife Sophie were both killed by Gavrilo Pricip
Map of the Counties involved in the Great War and when they
got involved in the war
British Propaganda
British Recruits
U.S. tries to stay neutral•President Wilson says U.S. will not take sides in the war
•American divided, some wanting to go to war others wanting to stay out of other country’s business…sound familiar???
•American countries selling war supplies to both sides
•Germany accuses the U.S. of taking G.B. side
•Great Britain and Germany both set up “War Zones”Ships were not allowed to enter war zones, they were patrolled by submarines
•The Central Powers seems to be defeating the Allied Powers. American worried about the British, our now close ally.Americans also thing the Germans were cruel.
German Poster of U-Boats
protecting War Zone.
Germans sink the Lusitania
•In 1915, The Lusitania, a British passenger ship was traveling from New York to England
•A German U-Boat (submarine) spots the Lusitania outside the coast of Ireland, in the German War Zone
•Germans launch a torpedo at the passenger ship
•The unarmed ship explodes and sinks killing 1,200 people. 128 Americans were killed in the disaster.
•This turns the American people against the Germans, becomes hard to stay neutral
Victims of the Lusitania being buried in Ireland
The Lusitania used in a
propaganda poster
Wilson Wins Re-Election in 1916
Most American were pleased he had kept the country out of war
“He Kept us Out of War” slogan It was a close election First Democrat to win re-election since
Andrew Jackson in 1832
America Enters the War
Wilson gives a speech January 22, 1917 saying he wanted the war to end without a winner or a loser, “peace without victory”
At that time both sides were worn down from 3 years of fighting, and at a standstill.
Germans begin shooting at any ships in their restricted war zone, trying to provoke the U.S. and to force British to give up.
Zimmermann Note Germany sends a private letter to Mexican
government asking Mexicans to fight U.S. Germany promised to return the lands of
Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona to Mexico in exchange for fighting U.S.
Remember Mexico lost this land to U.S. in 1800’s?
U.S. government prints this letter in newspapers to show American people
“The world must be made safe for democracy”
America declares war on April 6th 1917, neutrality had ended and we would
fight for “peace and justice”
The U.S. enters the Great War
Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany
Above all, the Kaiser wanted "a place in the sun" for the German people. The problem was the only places left were in the shade. There was very little room left for new colonization in the early part of this century. Never the less the Kaiser built up the German military machine and under the Tirpitz Plan, built a naval fleet to rival that of Great Britain.
•American factories stop producing consumer goods and start manufacturing war supplies
•People start working longer hours to increase factory output
•Many women join workforce to take place of men who have enlisted. Other women become nurses and office workers
•Government increases taxes and sells bonds to fund the war
•Americans asked to conserve certain items
•Farmers start growing more food
•U.S. begins the draft
Americans sacrificed much to support their country!
What was happening in America at this time?
My Tuesdays are meatless,
My Wednesdays are wheatless,
I’m getting more eatless every day.
My coffee is sweetless,
My bed is sheetless
All sent to the YMCA!Conservation efforts by Americans tripled the amount of food sent to the
Allies.
Would this type of conservation happen today?
Examples of WWI
Propaganda
Information spread to impact public opinion
•June 1917-American Troops, “Doughboys” arrive in Europe faster then the Germans expected
•July of 1918 over a million American troops were in Europe
•Large groups of American ships blockade German ports
•Planted mines in the water and began torpedoing German U-Boats
Water Mine
March to the Front Lines:
5 out of every 9 of these men will die.
Warfare/Weaponry of The Great War
Trench Warfare Rats-One soldier described finding a group of dead bodies while on patrol:
"I saw some rats running from under the dead men's greatcoats, enormous rats, fat with human flesh. My heart pounded as we edged towards one of the bodies. His helmet had rolled off. The man displayed a grimacing face, stripped of flesh; the skull bare, the eyes devoured and from the yawning mouth leapt a rat.“
Dysentery-Contaminated water Self Inflicted Wounds-Others killed themselves rather than carry on in the
trenches. The usual method of suicide was to place the muzzle of their Lee-Enfield rifle against the head and press the trigger with their bare big toe. In some cases, when men could endure no more, stood up on the fire-step and allowed themselves to be shot by an enemy sniper
Austro-Hungarian Empire broken into Austria, Hungary, Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia. Bosnia and Serbia became part of Yugoslavia.
Forced Germany to give land to France and Poland Blamed Germany for starting the war Took away German colonies Said they could not rebuild an army
Germans were unhappy, but having no other choice signed the treaty July 28, 1919.
More Results
Germany was forced to sign it otherwise Germany would be invaded. The treaty included Germany admitting they were to blame and paying for the damage. On 28 of June 1919 Germany signed the treaty.
•U.S. Congress did not ratify treaty as they believed the League of Nations would drag
America into more foreign wars.
•Congress did not want to be responsible for problems of other countries.
•The Treaty of Versailles did not bring about fair and just peace.
•The seeds for a second, more horrible and deadly war were set. Within twenty years the nations of the world would again be at war.
What did we learn from World War I?
At what cost victory?
War cannot be predictedand weaponry may surpass a politician’s ability to control it
GenocideReactions of people to amount of death
Democracy is a fragile thingYou cannot have war and democracy at the same time
Wars involving many countries breeds civil unrest and wars