Chapter 23 Section 2 Roosevelt and the New Deal Objectives • Learn how Franklin Roosevelt won the 1932 presidential election. • Find out how the New Deal tried to promote economic recovery. • Understand what new laws regulated America’s economic system. • Identify the obstacles and criticisms faced by the New Deal.
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Chapter 23 Section 2 Roosevelt and the New Deal Objectives Learn how Franklin Roosevelt won the 1932 presidential election. Find out how the New Deal tried.
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Chapter 23 Section 2
Roosevelt and the New Deal
Objectives
• Learn how Franklin Roosevelt won the 1932 presidential election.
• Find out how the New Deal tried to promote economic recovery.
• Understand what new laws regulated America’s economic system.
• Identify the obstacles and criticisms faced by the New Deal.
Chapter 23 Section 2
Roosevelt and the New Deal
Terms and People
• Franklin D. Roosevelt – American President who created the New Deal
• fireside chat – informal radio broadcast delivered by President Roosevelt to the American people
• Huey Long – Democratic senator from Louisiana
• Francis Townsend – doctor whose idea for a system of payments to retirees helped pave the way for the Social Security system
Chapter 23 Section 2
Roosevelt and the New Deal
Terms and People (continued)
• pension – retirement payments
• Charles Coughlin – Catholic priest who called on the government to take over the banks
Chapter 23 Section 2
Roosevelt and the New Deal
How did President Roosevelt respond to the Great Depression?
President Hoover’s actions did little to end the poverty and homelessness that gripped the country.
In 1932, Americans had the opportunity to elect a new leader, and they took it.
Chapter 23 Section 2
Roosevelt and the New Deal
President Hoover’s opponent in the election was Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt.
• Candidate for Vice President in 1920
• Polio survivor• Governor of New York
Roosevelt inspired confidence and hope in voters.
He won the election by a landslide.
Chapter 23 Section 2
Roosevelt and the New Deal
Roosevelt and his advisors had three goals:
provide relief for the jobless
foster economic recovery
prevent future depressions
To make well-informed decisions, Roosevelt conferred with the “brain trust,” a group of advisors that included college professors.
Chapter 23 Section 2
Roosevelt and the New Deal
On the day after Roosevelt took office, he began to address the banking crisis.
Bank Holiday
• Closed the banks for four days
• Helped halt the wave of bank failures
EmergencyBankingRelief Act
• Provided more careful regulation of the banks
Chapter 23 Section 2
Roosevelt and the New Deal
During the bank holiday, FDR delivered the first of many fireside chats.
When the banks reopened, many customers returned, ready to redeposit their money.
The fireside chats were meant to restore the public’s trust in banks.
Chapter 23 Section 2
Roosevelt and the New Deal
Roosevelt took further steps to address the economic causes of the depression.
Encouraged industries to:• Pay a minimum wage
• End child labor
• Keep wages and prices from falling too low
He created the National Recovery Agency (NRA) to keep prices stable and boost employment and buying power.
The NRA failed to improve the economy.
Chapter 23 Section 2
Roosevelt and the New Deal
Organization Location Projects
Civilian Conservation Corps
national parks, forests, and wilderness areas
• Hired workers to plant trees, build reservoirs, and construct parks
Works ProgressAdministration
urban areas • Hired workers to repair buildings, pave roads, and build bridges
• Hired artists and writers to enhance public projects
Public Works Administration
tunnels, highways, and dams
• Hired workers to plan and build large public-works projects
Next, Roosevelt turned to job relief, creating programs to put people back to work.
Chapter 23 Section 2
Roosevelt and the New Deal
Workers at the WPA and PWA completed projects that benefited communities across the country.
Chapter 23 Section 2
Roosevelt and the New Deal
Yet the Great Depression continued, despite American’s hard work.
Chapter 23 Section 2
Roosevelt and the New Deal
The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) built dams along the Tennessee River to control flooding, provide electricity, and increase jobs.
The TVA succeeded in many of its goals. However, it failed to bring prosperity to the region.
Chapter 23 Section 2
Roosevelt and the New Deal
Finally, Roosevelt took steps to reform business practices to prevent future depressions.
Other agencies set new fairness and safety standards for key industries.
Truth-in-Securities Act •Required full disclosure of stock information
Federal DepositInsurance Corporation(FDIC)
•Guaranteed individual bank deposits
Chapter 23 Section 2
Roosevelt and the New Deal
In just his first one hundred days in office, FDR had created the framework of the New Deal.
The economy still struggled, yet FDR remained popular.
He easily won re-election in 1936.
Chapter 23 Section 2
Roosevelt and the New Deal
Not all Americans, however, were happy with the New Deal.
The Supreme Court declared several New Deal measures to be unconstitutional.
FDR responded with a proposal to name six new justices to the Court.
Roosevelt’s “court-packing” plan was rejected by Congress.
Conservatives thought the New Deal placed too many restrictions on businesses and individuals.
Chapter 23 Section 2
Roosevelt and the New Deal
Huey Long wanted to tax the rich and give their
wealth to the poor.
Liberals thought the New Deal did not do enough to help the poor.
Francis Townsend argued for a system of government pensions
for retirees.
Charles Coughlin urged the
government to take over the banks.
Such critics attracted attention, yet they were unable to damage Roosevelt’s continued popularity.