Chapter 22. What does a speech to inform do? (Pg 187) What careers/jobs require informative speaking skills.

Chapter 22

What does a speech to inform do? (Pg 187)

What careers/jobs require informative speaking skills

Goals of Informative Speaking To enhance Understanding

▪ Occurs when message is accurately interpreted▪ Words & nonverbal are often misunderstood

To maintain interest▪ Goal will fail if listeners are bored/not focused▪ Audiences listen to what:

Affects them, adds to their knowledge Satisfies curiosity, Entertains them

Goals of Informative Speaking To be remembered▪ One day after hearing a presentation▪ Audiences remember ____ % of what they were told

▪ Two days after presentation▪ Audiences remember ____ % of what they were told

▪ To enhance recall use▪ Organization▪ Redundancy – internal & final summaries▪ Relate message to listeners interests

Types of Informative Speeches▪ Classified by the subject they cover

Speech about an object▪ Anything tangible (Something seen or touched)▪ Time limits determines amount of detail

▪ Organizational structures▪ Topical, Chronological, Spatial

Speech about procedure▪ Explains how something works▪ Circulatory system, How grapes become wine▪ Use of word “how”

▪ Many procedure speeches include visual aids▪ Showing how to do something is more effective than telling them

Speech about a person▪ Key to effective biographical speech▪ Don’t try to cover every detail of subjects life▪ Focus on specific aspects

Career Personality Accomplishments Significant life features

▪ Current Athletes or celebrities will not be accepted for the informative person speech

Speech about major event▪ Where were you at on Sept 11th 2001

▪ Major event can form a fascinating informative speech▪ An event you have witnessed or researched

What are major events you can identify?

▪ Make the event come alive▪ Use vivid details & emotion to help visualize the event

▪ Organize for Effect▪ Most events use chronological structure▪ May also be topical▪ Civil War

Types of Informative speeches Speech about ideas▪ More abstract than other info speeches▪ Freedom of Speech▪ Evolution▪ Islam

▪ Most idea speeches are organized topically

Strategies to enhance audience understanding

▪ Ways to enhance someone's knowledge or understanding

Speak with clarity▪ To express ideas so that the listener understands the intended message accurately

Enhancing audience understanding Message Clarity

▪ Preview main points in introduction▪ Tell listeners how content relates to previous point▪ Frequently summarize key ideas▪ Provide visual outline to help listeners follow▪ Provide any handouts prior to speech▪ Stay on message▪ Don’t present too much info too quickly

Strategies to enhance audience understanding Clarify complex processes▪ Use analogies/comparisons▪ Give “big picture” before giving details

▪ Describe the process▪ Who, what, when, where, why

▪ Use word pictures▪ There are many ways to do this ▪ Review (pg 191)

Strategies to enhance audience understanding Use principles and techniques of adult learning▪ Adult learners like to▪ Be give information that can be used immediately▪ Have active involvement in the learning process▪ Connect their life experiences with the new information▪ Know how new information is relevant to their needs and lives▪ Are problem oriented learners

Strategies to enhance audience understanding Use effective visual reinforcement▪ Research on learning styles shows▪ Listeners remember ideas reinforced with visual aids

Pictures Graphs Posters

▪ Audiences like visual messages▪ Television▪ Internet

Strategies to Maintain Audience Interest

▪ Before you can inform, you must gain interest

▪ Establish motive▪ If given motivation audience will listen

Boss says "Your job depends on this info" Teacher says "This test will be 50% of your grade"

▪ Tell a story▪ Characters & plots fascinate listeners

▪ A good story▪ Includes conflict, Incorporates action▪ Creates Suspense, May incorporate humor

Present information that relates to your listeners▪ An effective audience centered speaker means▪ Being aware of information audience can use▪ Won’t share information that will bore or disinterest audience

▪ What are some informative topics that may relate to or interest this class

Strategies to enhance audience recall Build in redundancy (pg 194)▪ Writers usually don’t repeat▪ Readers can reread

▪ Speakers ▪ Should repeat key points

Pace information flow▪ Evenly discuss main points & details

Avoid many details for one point & few for others▪ Use support to clarify info new to audience▪ Present info for audience to grasp

Strategies to enhance audience recall Reinforce key ideas verbally

▪ Use phrases to reinforce ideas▪ “This is the MOST IMPORTANT point”▪ “Be sure to REMEMBER this next point”

▪ These will help audience recall information

▪ Avoid overuse of this technique (don't tell audience every point is important)

Strategies to enhance audience recall Reinforce ideas nonverbally▪ Nonverbal can signal importance▪ Gestures▪ Accent or emphasize key phrases

▪ Pauses▪ Can emphasize the information that is between the pauses

▪ Movement ▪ Can help emphasize major ideas or information presented