Chapter 22 Urbanization and Sustainable Cities
Feb 25, 2016
Chapter 22 Urbanization and Sustainable Cities
22.1 Urbanization
• Cities have specialized functions as well as large populations– Trade Centers (New York)– Resource Extraction (Pittsburgh, Houston)– Manufacturing (Detroit)– All Require Vast Array of Service Industries
• Large cities are expanding rapidly
Largest Metropolitan AreasTokyo Japan 32,450,000
Seoul South Korea 20,550,000
Mexico City Mexico 20,450,000
New York United States 19,750,000
Mumbai India 19,200,000
Jakarta Indonesia 18,900,000
São Paulo Brazil 18,850,000
Delhi India 18,600,000
Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto Japan 17,375,000
Shanghai China 16,650,000
Manila Philippines 16,300,000
Hong Kong-Shenzhen China 15,800,000
Los Angeles United States 15,250,000
22.2 Why Do Cities Grow? • Immigration is driven by push and pull factors– Push• Lack of Land• Violence• Social Pressures
– Pull• Jobs• Lifestyle
• Government policies can drive urban growth
Cities are Tough• Small towns frequently die because of economic
problems, resource exhaustion, disasters or war, but large cities are rarely abandoned
• Vijayanagara, India (Destroyed 1565) is one of the most recent large cities (500,000) to be completely abandoned
• Pripyat, Ukraine (50,000) was abandoned after Chernobyl (1986)
• No large cities were abandoned because of World War II
Cities Re-Invent Themselves
• Pittsburgh: Steel Technology• Milwaukee: Brewing Service• Dubai: Oil Finance• Detroit?• New Orleans?
22.3 Urban Challenges In The Developing World
• Traffic congestion and air quality are growing problems
• Insufficient sewage treatment causes water pollution
• Insufficient Public Utilities• Many cities lack adequate housing
22.4 Urban Challenges In The Developed World
• Urban sprawl consumes land and resources• Expanding suburbs force long commutes• Why not find out why people leave cities and
fix those problems?– Crowding– Behavior
• Mass-transit could make our cities more livable
22.5 Smart Growth• Garden cities and new towns were early
examples of smart growth • New urbanism advanced the ideas of smart
growth • Victor Gruen and the Shopping Mall• Green urbanism promotes sustainable cities • Open space design preserves landscapes– Who pays for Open Space?