Chapter 2.2 Notes Islamic Empires I. The Spread of Islam (pgs. 182-184) A. Muhammad’s successor was called a Caliph , or successor to the Messenger of God. B The first four Caliphs to rule from Madinah (Medina) were called the Rightly Guided Caliphs. The first four caliphs lived simply, treated others fairly, and fought for Islam. C The Umayyad caliphs made their capital the city of Damascus and Islam spread during their rule.
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Chapter 2.2 Notes Islamic Empires
I. The Spread of Islam (pgs. 182-184)A. Muhammad’s successor was called a Caliph,
or successor to the Messenger of God.
B The first four Caliphs to rule from Madinah (Medina) were called the Rightly Guided Caliphs. The first four caliphs lived simply, treated others fairly, and fought for Islam.
C The Umayyad caliphs made their capital the city of Damascus and Islam spread during their rule.
The Golden Age of Islam
D. Abu Bakr began the conquest of Syria but died before he finished. His successors continued the conquest and also defeated Persia.
E. The Islamic states soon became a great empire and by the time of the fourth Caliphs death the Arab Empire expanded to include all of Southwest Asia.
The first caliph
F. Arabs were good soldiers (especially horsemen) and were inspired by their religion. Muslims believed dying in battle they would go to paradise.
G. Arabs let non-Muslims pay a special tax but were allowed to practice their own
religion. Many conquered people accepted the Islamic faith.
H. The Sofis were a group of Muslims that spread Islam through preaching.
I. Arab merchants spread the religion through trade.
J. Indonesia, a southeast Asian country has the largest Muslim population in the world.
Islam’s House of WisdomBaghdad, Iraq
A center of learning during Islam’s golden age
Indonesia – the largest Muslim nation today in the world
K. Timbuktu, a West African city, became the center of
Muslim learning
Mosque in Timbuktu - Mali, Africa
Mosque - Arabia
Mosque - Asia
Islam promoted education and learning the Arabic language
L. In Spain, Muslim and Jewish culture thrived.
The Alhambra Palace – Grenada, Spain
Arabic writing on the wallsof the Alhambra.
Spread of Islam
Islamic Africa today
II. Struggles within Islam (pgs. 185-186)
A. After Muhammad’s death, the Muslims split into two groups: the Sunnis and the Shiites.B. Shiites believed that Muhammad’s son-in-law, Ali, should succeed Muhammad and that all future Caliphs should be descendants of Ali.
Sunnis believe that the Umayyad Caliphs were the rightful leaders. Over time, these two groups developed their own customs.C. The Umayyad dynasty lost power and was replaced by the AbbasidsD. Baghdad became the new capital of the Abbasids
E. The Abbasids lost control as other Muslims in other parts of the world wanted their own Caliphs.
F. The Seljuk Turks were nomadic warriors and they gradually took control of the Abbasid dynasty. The Seljuk ruler was called a sultan.
G. The Arab empire ended when the Mongols invaded Baghdad and burned it to the ground.
III. Later Muslim Empires (pgs. 187-189)
A. The Ottoman Turks were a group of Turks in northwest Asia Minor who began to build an empire. They conquered the Byzantine
Empire and changed the name of Constantinople to Istanbul.
B. The Ottoman army moved into Europe, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Mesopotamia, and parts of
Northern Africa.
C. The most famous sultan for the Ottomans was Suleiman I
OTTOMAN EMPIRE
Suleiman I – Suleiman the magnificent
A look at two great rulers…
Suleiman I (Ottoman ruler)
Mr. Mispagel (Room 733 ruler)
What do they have in common… a great fez (Hat)
Ruled the once-greatOttoman Empire
Ruled over group of misfit teenagers
OTTOMAN EMPIRE
D. The Ottoman empire collapsed after the end of World War I (1920’s) The last Sultan ruled in 1922. The
position of Sultan was abolished.
E. Many Christian slaves became Muslims and served in the army. Non-Muslims could practice their own
religion but had to pay a tax.
F. The Moguls created a Muslim empire in India and made their capital in Delhi. Akbar was the greatest Mogul ruler. Mogul merchants brought paper, gunpowder, and porcelain from china to India.
G. European merchants used their military power to take control of the Mogul territory and Great Britain took over most of India.
The last Sultan (1922)
Quick Review1. What was a Jannissary?
2. What was a Sultan?
3. What was a Caliph?
4. What was the importance of Damasacus and Baghdad?
5. What west African city helped spread Islam?
6. What is the largest Muslim nation today?
7. What are the two sects of Islam?
8. What language spread with the spread of Islam?
9. What did Mogul merchants bring to India?
10. Who was the most famous Sultan of the Ottoman Empire?
11. When did the Ottoman empire collapse? How?
12. What nation took control of India after the Moguls?
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