4/22/13 1 Chapter 21 Section 3 Central European Monarchs Clash Thirty Years War 1618 Bohemia (Czech kingdom) Protestants don’t trust Ferdinand (Holy Roman Emperor) who is a foreigner and Catholic Ferdinand closes some Protestant churches, Protestants revolt, Ferdinand sends in Army Protestant fight back = 30 years War 2 main phases Hapsburg Triumphs First 12 years Hapsburg armies from Austira and Spain crush Protestant princes armies. Ferdinand paid an army of 125,000 by allowing them to plunder or rob German villages. Destroy everything in their path Hapsburg defeats Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden shifted the tide of war Drive Hapsburg armies out of northern Germany Gustavus Adolphus killed in battle 1632 Cardinal Reichelieu and Cardinal Mazarin of France dominate the rest of war. Catholic, but fear the Hapsburg more then the Protestants Chapter 21 Section 3 Central European Monarchs Clash Thirty Years War
5
Embed
Chapter 21 Section 3 Central European Monarchs Clash world... · Chapter 21 Section 3 Central European Monarchs Clash Central Governments of Europe ... Chapter 21 Section 3 Central
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
4/22/13
1
Chapter 21 Section 3 Central European Monarchs Clash
Thirty Years War u 1618 Bohemia (Czech kingdom)
u Protestants don’t trust Ferdinand (Holy Roman Emperor) who is a foreigner and Catholic
u Ferdinand closes some Protestant churches, Protestants revolt, Ferdinand sends in Army
u Protestant fight back = 30 years War u 2 main phases
u Hapsburg Triumphs u First 12 years Hapsburg armies from Austira and Spain crush
Protestant princes armies. u Ferdinand paid an army of 125,000 by allowing them to plunder or
rob German villages. Destroy everything in their path u Hapsburg defeats
u Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden shifted the tide of war u Drive Hapsburg armies out of northern Germany
u Gustavus Adolphus killed in battle 1632 u Cardinal Reichelieu and Cardinal Mazarin of France dominate the
rest of war. u Catholic, but fear the Hapsburg more then the Protestants
Chapter 21 Section 3 Central European Monarchs Clash
Thirty Years War
4/22/13
2
Chapter 21 Section 3 Central European Monarchs Clash
Thirty Years War u Peace of Westphalia
u War damages Germany u Population drops from 20 million to 16 million u Economy ruined- trade/agriculture u One of reasons that Germany doesn’t become a
unified country. u Important consequences
u Weakens Hapsburg states (Spain and Austria) u German Princes are independent of the Holy
Roman Emperor u Ended religious wars u Peace negotiations can end a war.(still used today)
Ø Austria Ø Hapsburgs of Austria become absolute
monarchs Ø Conquered Bohemia during the 30 years War Ø Wipe out Protestants & create a new Czech nobility
loyal to them Ø Retake Hungary from Ottoman Empire
Ø 1711 Charles VI becomes ruler. Ø Diverse country –Czechs, Bohemians, Hungarians,
Italians, Croatians, & Germans. Ø Hard to keep it together….. Crowned king in 3
countries keeps it somewhat together.
4/22/13
3
Chapter 21 Section 3 Central European Monarchs Clash
Central Governments of Europe Ø Austria
Ø Maria Theresa takes Throne. Ø Tries to enable Hapsburgs continual rule of
throne Ø Agree to recognize his daughter as heir.
Ø Suppose to assure peace, but….. Ø Face years of war Ø Prussia (north of Austria) main foe Ø Woman can’t lead
Chapter 21 Section 3 Central European Monarchs Clash
Prussia challenges Austria u Hohenzollerns ruling family, control states of
Brandenburg & Prussia u Destruction of 30 years war, feel they need a strong
Army u Frederick William “Great Elector” = absolute monarch
u Army of 80,000 u Tax heavily to pay army u Resistance from nobles (Junkers)
u They become officers. u Prussia becomes a military state
u King and nobles tied to military
4/22/13
4
Chapter 21 Section 3 Central European Monarchs Clash
Prussia challenges Austria u Frederick the Great (Frederick II)
u Frederick Williams son is Frederick the Great u Loves music, philosophy, poetry u 1730 Frederick’s father punishes his rebellious son
by beheading his friend u Eventually rules and softened his father’s laws u Become like a “father to the people”
Chapter 21 Section 3 Central European Monarchs Clash
Prussia challenges Austria u 1740, Frederick the Great vs Maria Theresa
u Frederick underestimates Maria u Maria gets Hungarians nobles to help her. u Great Britian joins Austria to fight France who was
Prussia ally. u Peace treaty gives Prussia Silessia
4/22/13
5
Chapter 21 Section 3 Central European Monarchs Clash
Seven years war v Maria Theresa (Austria) decides the French were no
longer their chief enemy u She makes an alliance with them u Prussia (Frederick) signs treaty with Britian (Austria’s
former ally) u THEY HAVE SWITCHED ALLIANCES……. u Russia is also added to the alliances
u 1756 Frederick attacks Saxony (Austrian ally) u Every one who has alliance is in war and the 7 years
war starts u No boundaries change u BRITIAN EMERGED AS VICTOR BY GAINING SOLE
DOMININATION OF INDIA!!!!
Chapter 21 Section 3 Central European Monarchs Clash