Chapter 21 and Eyes on the Prize Review The Civil Rights Movement 1960-1968
Jan 02, 2016
Chapter 21 and Eyes on the Prize Review
The Civil Rights Movement
1960-1968
Objectives
• Analyze Eyes on the Prize and use Chapter 21 in your textbook to identify civil rights organizations with their leaders and strategies.
• Identify those opposed to civil rights and their strategies (obstacles)
• Identify government action taken toward civil rights legislation (accomplishments)
Civil Rights Goals
• Legal equality
• Desegregate or integrate
• Equal voting opportunity
• Equal opportunity
Civil Rights Groups
• NAACP: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
CORE: Congress of Racial Equality
SCLC: Southern Christian Leadership Conference
SNCC: Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
NAACP
• Leaders: W.E.B. Dubois
Goals: promote legal equality, remove voting obstacles and end lynching
Strategies: use the court system and be interracial
Notes: One of oldest CR organizations founded in 1910.They have their own magazine called Crisis.. Appealed primarily to middle and upper class African Americans
NAACP
CORE
• Leaders: James Farmer
Goals: end segregation, peaceful change
Strategies: Peaceful confrontation through organized demonstrations.Sit-ins. Interracial. Freedom Rides. Founded in 1942
CORE
SCLC
• Leaders: MLK & Southern clergymen
Goals: Shift focus of Civil Rights Movement to the South. Morally oppose segregation
Strategies: Boycotts, nonviolent protests
Notes: Founded in 1957 by MLK. Montgomery Bus Boycott. Influenced by Gandhi. Non-cooperation with evil
SCLC
SNCC
• Leaders: Ella Baker, Rob Moses, Todd Gitlin, Stokely Carmichael
Goals: Attract young African Americans by giving them a large role, shift away from Church and SCLC Strategies; Sit-ins and under Carmichael, use militant measures to achieve immediate change
Notes: Ella Baker shifted away from SCLC.
SNCC
Nonviolent Confrontation
• CORE created the sit-in which brought an end to segregation in the facilities it targeted
CORE organized the Freedom Rides with the aid of SNCC. End segregation on interstate buses. Aimed at South but much violence
Robert Kennedy assigned federal marshals to protect Freedom Riders
Albany movement began a year long campaign of protest marches to demand desegregation of bus terminals. Albany police chief used tactic of nonviolent opposition to protestors and hid CR violations from press. Movement fizzled out
Freedom Riders
Nonviolent Confrontation continued
• James Meredith enters University of Mississippi w/ help from Supreme Court & Kennedy
Birmingham Confrontation: Bull Connor and violence on TV. Win for protestors. Desegregate public facilities, fair hiring practices.
Freedom Summer 1964: Freedom Rides and get African Americans to register to vote
Political Response • Kennedy at first didn’t want to do anything but
violence on TV made him push a CR Bill
Kennedy helped MLK in Birmingham which probably helped him win the election
MLK and March on Washington in 1963 with “I Have A Dream”
LBJ passed Civil Rights Act of 1964: banned discrimination in all public accommodations. Equal Opportunity Provision
LBJ passes Voting Rights Act of 1965: can’t stop people from registering to vote
The Challenge of Black Power
• People impatient with pace of changeJames Baldwin : author who attacked de jure & de facto discrimination. Expect violence
Malcolm X: spokesperson for Nation of Islam founded by Elijah Muhammad.Originally believed in separation of blacks and whites but changed his mind & became more like MLK after pilgrimage to Mecca.
Stokely Carmichael takes SNCC in violent direction and tells them to use guns to Protect themselves
The Challenge of Black Powercontinued
• Carmichael’s idea of Black Power wanted Af Am to have racial pride and advocated economic & political power for all Af. Am.
Black Power led to Black is Beautiful and the Black Panthers. Black Panthers wanted Af Am to lead their own communities and wanted the federal government to rebuild the nation’s ghettos. They had a softer side like day care & health facilities
Those Opposed to Civil Rights
• Governor Faubus of Arkansas: Schools
• Montgomery Alabama: Bus boycott
• Emitt Till’s murderers
• Senator Eastland Of Mississippi: no S.C.
• Albany: not successful