CHAPTER TWO · 2015. 7. 27. · compare KDU with Sri Lanka Military Academy Diyatalawa, Sri Lanka Naval and Maritime Academy, Trincomalee, Sri Lanka Air Force Academy China bay SandHurst

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CHAPTER TWO

DATA PRESENTATION AND DATA ANALYSIS

2.1RECRUITING PROCESS OF OFFICER CADETS

39. Sri Lankan armed forces need strength to fulfills the defence needs of the nation. To

manage the men in the battle armed forces required officers according to the strength. Sri

Lankan Army, Navy and Air Force recruit officer cadets and train them in respective military

academies. Most of the academies offer degrees to the officer cadets. There are several ways

of recruiting officer cadets. They are

a. One year short courses

b. 2 1\2 year degree programs

c. Enlistment of KDU-three year degree programs

40. Generally officer cadet recruit procedure is based on three main factors. They are

a. Education qualifications

b. Sports

c. Extracurricular activities

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION

41. Under the educational qualifications candidates for the officer cadets need to pass

GCE(O/L) with six subjects with four credit passes including Sinhala, Mathematics and

English. And also candidates need at least three S gradsat G.C.E. (A/L) examination. More

over in KDU they are required a pass in the Common General Test and be eligible for

University admission, because KDU is treated as a recognized university in Sri Lanka.

42. But the Army, Navy, Air Force do not want only 100% academically qualified persons;

Therefore they expect several other accomplishments from candidates.

SPORTS

43. In the armed forces special attention is given the sports. Therefore when recruiting

officer cadets they are more concerned about the following factor. More opportunities

aregiven to the people who possess sports abilities because without been physically fit officer

cannot handle men in the battle. Basically, more attention is given to the following.

a. Representation in a national team

b. Individual performance at the national level

c. Represent Sri Lanka in international games

d. Sri Lankan colour holders

e. Performance in sport at school, district or provincial levels

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44. Through these, armed forces expect from officer cadets, ability for team work, physical

fitness, and ability to face any hard situation and handle their men in a good manner.

EXTRA CURICULAR ACTIVITIES

45. An officer has to control their men. Therefore they should know how to deal with

people. Persons who have been engaged in extracurricular activities have the ability to work

as a team, comradeship and the ability to lead their men. If somebody have had ways of the

following positions in society it will be helpful to be a good leader.

a. Member of the prefect board at school

b. President a any club

c. member of a social welfare organization

Other than these major factors, there are severalother important qualities to be a good officer

cadet.

FAMILY BACKGROUND

46. The officer is a good lady or a gentleman in society. They maintain a high standard in

society. Therefore,they should come from a good family background. But it not mean that

they are wealthy also do not or it is not mean that he should be from a town. But they are

required to possess good profession to their parents other relatives. Also they should not

have been involved in any illegal matters in the society because after becoming officers they

may be embarrassed in front of society and they may face difficulties in being examples to

their men.

PERSONALITY

47. Personality is another important factor for officers. Officers have to command their

men. Maybe therefore ought to have a better personality than those who they command. By

looking at the person somebody can judge his personality.

LANGUAGE SKILLS

48. An officer has to deal with various persons. So they should have good communication

skills. During the degree program officer cadets follow course to improve their English,

Tamil and other presentation skills.

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2.2 TRAINING METHODS

49. After recruiting officer cadets basically they need to adjust to the military background.

For that they have to undergo an orientation course with a training program. Here we

compare KDU with Sri Lanka Military Academy Diyatalawa, Sri Lanka Naval and Maritime

Academy, Trincomalee, Sri Lanka Air Force Academy China bay SandHurst Military

Academy UK and Pakistan Military Academy.

50. KDU offers degrees under five streams which make officer cadets enhance their

educational capabilities.At KDU mainly 75% of the time is allocated for academic studies. It

develops their mental capacity to solve any problem in any circumstance.

2.2.1ACADEMIC/EDUCATIONAL TRAINING

51. Education is a fundamental career requirement and will be delivered at the beginning of

each career stage. The Officer Career Development (OCD) programme develops leadership

and management skills and concentrates on the development of professional military

knowledge both in barracks and in operations

52. Military academies provide many facilities to support officers' learning, wherever they

are based. Military academies are similar to further education colleges and universities. They

are staffed with both military and civilian instructors who deliver a whole range of courses

and educational services for officers. These include military academies delivered career

courses, courses for personnel development and recreational courses. Learning support is

also provided to customer units in the region of the service Education Centers providing

assistance in the delivery of Work Based Learning programmes.

KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY

53. KotelawalaDefence University is the only defence university in south Asia which

provides important degree holders to the tri services. In this university it has been focused on

both military and academic studies parallel to the degree program.75% of academic and 25%

of military studies are covered during the degree program. The lecture hours are from

0800hrs to 1415hrs on week days. Basically all the academic subjects are covered during the

time frame per a semester. The academic programme of the University is carried out by the

Director of Academic Studies with the assistance of the eight Academic Departments, which

receive the service of a team of qualified academics consisting of both internal and visiting

staff.

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Time allocation for training

54. KDU offers Bachelor's and Master's Degrees in the following fields.

a. Bachelor of Science (Defence Studies) in Mechanical Engineering

b. Bachelor of Science (Defence Studies) in Marine Engineering

c. Bachelor of Science (Defence Studies) in Electrical & Electronic Engineering

d. Bachelor of Science (Defence Studies) in Civil Engineering

e. Bachelor of Science (Defence Studies) in Aeronautical Engineering

f. Bachelor of Science (Defence Studies) in Management & Technical Sciences

g. Bachelor of Science (Defence Studies) in Logistic Management

h. Bachelor of Science (Defence Studies) in Social Studies

i. Bachelor of Laws (LLB)

j. Bachelor of Science (Defence Studies) in Management

k. Master of Science (Defence Studies) in Management

SRI LANKA MILITARY ACADEMY (SLMA)

55. SLMA is much like Royal Military Academy SandHurst for it is not a university, unlike

some other national military academies such as West Point in the United States, National

Defence Academy (India) or the Australian Defence Force Academy. General Sir John

KotelawalaDefence University is the university type defence academy in Sri Lanka, which

sends its cadets to SLMA for their final year.

ACADEMIC75%

MILITORY25%

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56. SLMA has several Commissioning Courses each year. Each new Intake numbers

approximately 150 cadets, each of whom joins a Company. The commissioning course is

split up into three terms, each lasting fourteen weeks, and on each course cadets are put into

one of the three companies. There can be as many as several companies within the SLMA at

any one time, each commanded by a Major and named after a famous battle in the Sri Lankan

history.

SRI LANKA AIR FORCE ACADEMY

57. Sri Lanka Air Force Academy offers Bachelor of Aviation Studies degree to cadets.

Those degrees in accredited to the University of Kelaniya. Air Force officer cadets are

undergoing initial military training in Diyatalawa Training Center. After finishing the initial

course they are sent to China Bay Training center for their academic training. They are as

follows

a. General Service Knowledge

b. General Administration in the service

c. Logistics

d. Communications

e. First Aid

f. Air Force Law

g. Military Leadership

Naval and Maritime Academy (NMA):

58. In the Naval and Maritime Academy there are several Intakes of cadet officers and

midshipman annually. These are under the following category.

a. Cadet Entry Degree Programme

(1) B.Sc. in Naval Studies (University of Kelaniya)

(2) Navy Officer Cadets from General Sir John KotelawalaDefence University

(last year)

b. Cadet Entry Non-Degree Programme

c. Direct Entry Stream to the Regular Force - For professionals (Doctors, IT

specialists, Engineers, etc)

59. These degrees are accredited to the University of Kelaniya;

a. Bachelor of Science Naval Studies in Maritime Warfare

b. Bachelor of Science Naval Studies in Land Warfare

c. Bachelor of Science Naval Studies in Logistic Management

60. The duration of Naval training for Executive , Supply & Secretariat branch OUTs is

divided into 3 terms whilst the technical OUTs will have only 2 terms

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.Sc.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Sir_John_Kotelawala_Defence_University

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science



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EX AND S&S TECHNICAL

Term 1 20 weeks of Academic Studies 22 weeks of Academic Studies

Term 11 18 weeks of Academic Studies 4 weeks of Academic Studies

Term 111 1 week of Sea Training

61. Term I - (Executive, Supply & Secretariat and Technical)

a. Training during this term is conducted at Naval & Maritime Academy. Instructions will be designed to ensure that OUTs reach a basic academic standard, which will enable them to understand and absorb subsequent professional and practical training.

b. Breakdown of Term I (Executive, Supply & Secretariat)

Instructions 16 weeks Examination / Re- examination 01 week Leave 02 weeks Familiarization / Educational 01 week Tour Total 20 weeks

c. Breakdown of Term I (Technical)

Instructions 18 weeks Examination / Re-examination 01 week Leave 02 weeks Familiarization / Educational 01 week

tour Total 22 weeks

62. Term II - (Executive- Supply & Secretariat)

a. This term of professional training is a continuation of the basic training received in Term I and the training is conducted at NMA.

b. Breakdown of Term II - (Executive. Supply & Secretariat) Instructions 15 weeks Examination / Re-examination 01 week Leave 02weeks

Total 18weeks c. Term II - (Technical) 04 weeks

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d. This term is devoted to sea training during which the OUTs join ships designated by Naval Headquarters for sea training which enables them to obtain firsthand 5

63. Term III - (Executive, Supply & Secretariat)

a. On successful completion of Term II the OUTs are attached to various operational ships as decided by the Naval Headquarters for sea training. This enable them to obtain the necessary practical experience and to quality for certificates of competence.

b. Breakdown of Term III Sea Training 15 Weeks Examination / Re- examination 01 Week

Leave 02Weeks

Total 18 Weeks

ROYAL MILITARY ACADEMY SANDHURST

64. The Royal Military Academy SandHurst in Surrey is where all Officers in the British

Army are trained to take on the responsibilities of leading soldiers. More than 80% of Officer

Cadets are university graduates, but some arrive with A-Levels or equivalent. Others are

serving soldiers who have been selected for Officer training and some come from overseas,

having been chosen by their own armies to train at the world famous Academy. It is not

possible for anyone to undertake training at their own private expense.

65. The Commissioning Course for Regular Army Officers is 48 weeks long, including

recess periods. It runs three times a year, starting in January, May and September. The

Territorial Army course is shorter, as is the training course SandHurst offers for military

personnel with professional qualifications in areas such as law and medicine.

66. Training at SandHurst covers military, practical and academic subjects and while it is

mentally and physically demanding, there's also plenty of time set aside for sport and

adventurous training. It's a proud day for Officer Cadets going into the Regular Army when

they finally march up the steps of Old College to be commissioned as Officers at the end of

the prestigious Sovereign's Parade

67. Academic Departments

a. Communication and Applied Behavioral ScienceThe CABS course is designed to

provide Officer Cadets with useful insights into human behavior and practical

leadership techniques.

b. Defence and International Affairs This department provides Officer Cadets with

an understanding of the context in which the British Armed Forces operate and helps

develop the intellectual qualities and professional knowledge required of Officers.

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c. War Studies The Department of War Studies teaches the study of war and modern

military history and develops an understanding of officership.

WEST POINT

68. The Academic Program consists of 26 core courses which establish the foundation for

elective courses that permit cadets to explore in greater depth more than 40 majors. All cadets

receive a Bachelor of Science degree, and are fully prepared to meet the intellectual

requirements of a leader in today's Army. U.S. News & World Report announced its “2011

America‟s Best Colleges Rankings” today and ranked West Point the “Top Public Liberal

Arts College” for the third consecutive year. West Point was also named the third-best

“Undergraduate Engineering Program

69. Wireless Education.The United States Military Academy was recently ranked among

the top 50 U.S. college and university campuses in Intel's "Most Unwired College Campuses"

survey. Cadets are issued laptops with wireless capability at the beginning of their first year.

70. There is a personal computer at every desk and everyone is connected to a large array of

very powerful academic computing services. Cadets register for classes, get and send course

work assignment using a network.

71. The Department Of Behavioral Science and Leadership provides a programme of

instruction in Behavioral Sciences and Human Resource Management emphasizing

application to the study of leadership. Instruction is designed to assist the cadets in

developing and understanding of leadership and human behavior which is essential to

military leader. The department offers two courses in the core curriculum ,

a. General Psychology (Fourth class year )

b. Military Leadership ( Second Class Year )

United States Military Academy Baseline Academic Programs

(ANNEX „B‟)

PAKISTAN MILITARY ACADEMY

72. Pakistan Military Academy is a place where the development of sense of discipline,

honor, patriotism and the acquisition of Knowledge is fostered in the cadets to enable them to

tackle appropriate academic and military subjects with a wide interest in current world

problems and the enthusiasm to continue to increase their knowledge through their own

initiative.

73. Members of the faculty achieve optimized results through a display of professional

excellence, personal involvement and above all by own exemplified conduct. In their

academic pursuits, cadets are required to do their graduation in science or arts subjects, both

being university degrees, calls for accomplished academicians to brace the challenge well.

PMA‟s academic staff consists of highly qualified, experienced and efficient teachers. All of

them have done Master‟s in their respective disciplines while a host of them have earned M.

Phil or Ph. D degrees.

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74. The academic subjects taught at PMA are designed to produce a young potential leader

with sound education in appropriate academic subjects, with interest in the current world

problems, and enthusiasm to continue to increase his knowledge through his own initiative.

75. There are two courses of Academic Studies which are Science Course (B.Sc) and Arts

Course (B.A). English, Military Geography, National & International Affairs, Mutalya-e-

Quran, Military & General Science or Social Science are common subjects, while one of the

following range of combinations is mandatory.

a. Science CourseMathematics & Physics, Mathematics & Statistics, Mathematics &

Computer Science, or Physics & Computer Science.

b. Arts Course& Political Science, History & Economics, Computer Science &

Economics, or Statistics & Economics.

76. By looking at the degree programs conducted in the academies it can be said that KDU

provide degree programs which are exposed various fields .Whereas other academies focus

only one several selected fields for the academic training.Academic training developscadets‟

intellectual capacity, military attitudes and general knowledge. Military Academies also hope

to develop risk management, and communication skills. Therefore Military Academies

conduct degree programs and other academic programs like presentations, researches. It

should be similar to further education colleges and universities. Through this training method

academies want to make technical specialists for the services.

77. The Department of Behavioral Science and Leadership provide the most important

programmefor cadets and is it conducted by the West Point Military Academy. Human

Resource Management emphasizing application to the study of leadership. Instruction is

designed to assist the cadet in developing and understanding of leadership and human

behavior which is essential to a military leader. Therefore it needs to be included in other

academies also.

2.2.2MLITARY TRAINING


78. Drill The aim of the Programme of drilling is to build up the instinctive obedience of

cadets, which is developed through foot, arms and squad drills. Vital traits of a soldier such

as the bearing, obedience and power of command too are inculcated through training on drill,

79. Weapon training Weapon training includes lectures on theoretical aspects followed by

demonstrations and practical training sessions, which culminate in training in live firing. In

this, the training on platoon weapons such as Chinese assault rifles and Chinese light machine

guns provides the Officer Cadets with a sufficient exposure to the field of weapon training.

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80. Endurance runs and marches In KDU for a semester officer cadets have to take part in

an eight mile run. It enhances physical fitness of the officer cadets. Also beach marches are

organized by KDU annually. The distance of the beach march is 14km. KDU officer cadets

march that beach march according to their squadron. Theycultivate their leadership qualities

and team spirit.

SRI LANKA MILITARY ACADEMY

81. Sri Lanka military academy is the place where all officers and other ranks gain their

military education. Further they develop so many officer qualities through military training.

Basically, military studies include tactics, jungle war fare, international security, current

affairs, and history of Sri Lanka, world wars, map reading, field craft, and counter revolution

war fare, admin in field, logistic requirement, military law, service writing and English. As

per each lesson they conduct practical sessions. The each session they cadets into several

groups and assign tasks. Gravetica, SithaSulan, Black Panther, Scorpion, Wanababara, Person

Crowd, Rack Sack March, SamanalaTharanaya are some of the practical sessions done in the

academy. To further develop and improve training should be according to the

situations that occur. It is a needed for the future of the tri services

NAVAL AND MARITIME ACADEMY

82. In Naval and Maritime Academy the cadets undergo military training as follows

(ANNEX‟C‟)


83. The time duration of the military training course is 100 working days. It consists 10

working periods per day. Duration of a period is 40 minutes. Under initial training course.

(ANNEX „D‟)


84. The Commissioning Course is run in three terms.

a. Term 1 Officer Cadets acquire basic military skills as they transform from

civilians into soldiers in SandHurst. At this stage of the course there's very little free

time, as the schedule is packed. There are introductions to leadership, tactics, map

reading, living in the field, weapon handling, drill, physical training and personal

administration such as ironing, polishing boots and room layout

b. Term 2 Officer Cadets leave behind Old College and move into New College

where a new Platoon Commander and Colour Sergeant or Staff Sergeant may take

over. These changes signal a move towards developing Officers rather than raw

recruits. The Platoon Commander, a Captain, now comes into his or her own as the

emphasis turns more to leadership, initiative and the role of an Officer

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c. Term 3Fresh back from their Adventurous Training expeditions during recess,

Officer Cadets now have just fourteen weeks in which to complete their training and get

measured up for the uniform of their new regiment or corps. The Directing Staff give

them more responsibility, so it's now up to the cadets to motivate and organize

themselves, stay fit, arrange sporting activities and plan fund-raising events such as

charity balls.

WEST POINT

85. The Military Program begins on your first day at West Point. Most in the military

training takes place during the summer, with new cadets undergoing Cadet Basic Training -

or Beast Barracks in the first year, followed by Cadet Field Training at nearby Camp Buckner

in the second year. Cadets spend their third and fourth summers serving in active Army units

around the world; attending advanced training courses such as airborne, air assault or

northern warfare; or training the first and second year cadets as members.

a. Brigade Tactical Department directory

To educate, train, and inspire the Corps of Cadets so that each graduate is a

commissioned leader of character committed to the values of Duty, Honor, Country and

prepared for a career of professional excellence and service to the Nation as an officer

in the United States Army.

b. Department of Military Instruction (DMI)

(1) Military Training BranchCadet Basic Training, Cadet Field Training and

Military Individual Advanced Development Programs

(2) Military Science BranchCommandant's Hour Courses, Military Intersession

Courses, Military Arts and Sciences Elective Courses

(3) Military Clubs & Competitive EventsFind out about SandHurst, Close Combat

Team, Combined Arms Club, Drill Team, Marksmanship Teams, Orienteering,

and others


86. Military training at the Academy comprises a comprehensive package of basic military

skills, conceptual appreciation of varied professional knowledge, tactical exercises in

simulated battle conditions and classroom instruction, for building Logical mental attitudes.

a. Professional Skills The most effective manner to lead is by example. An officer,

therefore, ought to be a lot more dexterous in professional skills than his men, to inspire

them well. Cadets are given extensive coaching and practice in the handling of different

weapons, tips of field craft and use of signal equipment. Besides, they receive intensive

help and guidance in tactical skills, leadership traits and skills which improve their

physical and mental fitness.

http://www.usma.edu/USCC/BTD/BTDindex.htm

http://www.usma.edu/dmi

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b. Model Discussions cadets relate their theoretical and tactical concepts to ground

situations depicted in the form of models. Exhaustive activation of mental processes.

d. Give them more responsibility, so it's now up to the cadets to motivate and

organize themselves, stay fit, arrange sporting activities and plan fund-raising events

such as charity balls.

WEST POINT

87. The Military Program begins on your first day at West Point. Most military training

takes place during the summer, with new cadets undergoing Cadet Basic Training - or Beast

Barracks - the first year, followed by Cadet Field Training at nearby Camp Buckner the

second year. Cadets spend their third and fourth summers serving in active Army units

around the world; attending advanced training courses such as airborne, air assault or

northern warfare; or training the first and second year cadets as members

a. Brigade Tactical Department directoryTo educate, train, and inspire the Corps of

Cadets so that each graduate is a commissioned leader of character committed to the

values of Duty, Honor, and Country and prepared for a career of professional excellence

and service to the Nation as an officer in the United States Army.

b. Department of Military Instruction (DMI)

(1) Military Training BranchCadet Basic Training, Cadet Field Training and

Military Individual Advanced Development Programs

(2) Military Science BranchCommandant's Hour Courses, Military Intersession

Courses, Military Arts and Sciences Elective Courses

(3) Military Clubs & Competitive EventsFind out about SandHurst, Close Combat

Team, Combined Arms Club, Drill Team, Marksmanship Teams, Orienteering,

and others


88. Military training at the Academy comprises a comprehensive package of basic military

skills, conceptual appreciation of varied professional knowledge, tactical exercises in

simulated battle conditions and classroom instruction, for building Logical mental attitudes,

a. Professional SkillsThe most effective manner to lead is by example. An officer,

therefore, ought to be a lot more dexterous in professional skills than his men, to inspire

them well. Cadets are given extensive coaching and practice in the handling of different

weapons, tips of field craft and use of signal equipment. Besides, they receive intensive

help and guidance in tactical skills, leadership traits and skills which improve their

physical and mental fitness.

http://www.usma.edu/USCC/BTD/BTDindex.htm

http://www.usma.edu/dmi

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b. Model Discussions Cadets relate their theoretical tactical concepts to ground

situations depicted in the form of models. Exhaustive activation of mental processes

lead to conceptual clarity and promotes readiness for field operations.

c. Tutorial DiscussionsVarious aspects of a given topic are discussed. A detailed

questionnaire is dished out to the class a day in advance for prior browsing, mental

exercise and preparation. The whole exercise is made very stimulating, ideally suited

for analytical work and self learning.

d. Tactical Exercises Without Troops (TEWTs)Cadets move out in the field for a day-

long discussion on tactics and other concepts of military operations substantiated by

simulated field conditions

e. Field ExercisesActual exercises are conducted in the field. Field camps are

established for a few days and cadets participate in numerous field operations. They are

exposed to battle conditions and made to apply their tactical knowledge to hard ground

situations.

89. All the academies take their fullest effort for uplifting military training for the cadets to

develop officer qualities. For an example, our tri-forces were able to eradicate the most

dangerous terrorist group, the LTTE because the military training they have undergonein the

academies excellence.

2.2.3 PHYSICAL TRAINING PROGRAMME


90. Physical training every morning, recreational training given every evening, the eight

mile run and the beach march are some of the training activities conducted to improve the

physical efficiency of the Officer Cadets. In addition, the Cadets undergo training in Battle

PT and Battle Obstacle Crossing aimed at improving their battle physical efficiency.

91. Physical Training is one of the most effective parts in the daily routine of the university.

In order to improve the physical fitness of officer cadets‟ the PT schedule has been connected

to the daily routine of the officer cadets. This schedule includes different types of physical

training methods and it varies throughout the week and throughout the month. We can

categorize the Physical Training methods are as follows.

92. General Sir John KotelawalaDefence University‟s physical fitness test for officer cadets

in the year. (ANNEX „E‟)

93. General Sir John KotelawalaDefence University‟s physical fitness test for officer cadets

in the 2nd

year and 3rd

year.(ANNEX „F‟)

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94. The physical training (fitness training) program extends to all branches of the total

Army. This includes and encompasses all ages and ranks and both genders. Its purpose is to

maintain a good physical condition for all officer cadets and soldiers throughout their careers

beginning with initial entry training. Fitness testing programme in SLMA is, usually

conducted. (ANNEX „G‟)

NAVAL AND MARITIME ACADEMY (NMA)

95. In the Naval and Maritime Academy they have physical development in different ways.

Morning physical exercises for all cadets and evening recreation activities to enhance their

sports ability. Moreover they evaluate the physical performances through monthly physical

tests. The events and marking system is shown in the diagram. (ANNEX „H‟)

96. In Addition to the above activities that naval cadets participate in swimming, sea

training, and battle obstacle clearing and diving to develop their physical fitness to be a

capable officers to the nation.


97. Physical Training programme of the Sri Lanka Air Force Academy consists of 240

periods of their training.

a. PT and Org Games during working days 140 hrs

b. PT and Org Games on Saturdays 40 hrs

c. Inter Flt Tournaments on non-working days 60 hrs

d. Total Periods 240 hrs


98. The Royal Military Academy SandHurst conducts the following exercises during their

physical training.

a. Press-ups: (Chest Muscles, Triceps and Upper Arms)

b. Sit-ups: (Stomach Muscles – Six Pack and Oblique)

c. Step-ups: (Legs)

d. Pull-ups – also referred to as heaves: (Upper Body)

e. Lunges: (Hamstrings, Quads and Gluts)

f. Squats: (Lower Body – Leg – Exercise)

g. Dips: (Arms and Shoulders)

h. Dorsal: (Back)

i. Weights

j. Four Week Exercise Regime

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99. Training is carried out on alternate days with the intervening days classed as rest days.

The following is a suggested 4 week exercise regime:

a. Week 1

Day 1Complete 2 Sets comprising 8 Repetitions of Dips, Press-Ups and Pull-

Ups.

Day 3 Complete 2 Sets comprising 8 Repetitions of the Lunge, Squats and Step-

Ups.

Day 5 Complete 2 Sets comprising 8 Repetitions of Sit-Ups, Twist Sit-Ups and

the Conventional Dorsal Raise.

Day 7 Complete 2 Sets comprising 10 Repetitions of ALL exercises carried out

in Week 1. During this programme take a 2 minute rest between Sets.

b. Week 2

Day 1 Complete 2 Sets comprising 10 Repetitions of Dips, Press-Ups and Pull-

Ups.

Day 3 Complete 2 Sets comprising 10 Repetitions of the Lunge, Squats and

Step-Ups.

Day 5 Complete 2 Sets comprising 10 Repetitions of Sit-Ups, Twist Sit-Ups and


Day 7 Complete 2 Sets comprising 12 Repetitions of ALL exercises carried out


c. Week 3


Ups.

Day 3Complete 2 Sets comprising 12 Repetitions of the Lunge, Squats and Step-

Ups.

Day 5Complete 2 Sets comprising 12 Repetitions of Sit-Ups, Twist Sit-Ups and


Day 7Complete 2 Sets comprising 12 Repetitions of ALL exercises carried out


d. Week 4


Ups.

Day 3Complete 2 Sets comprising 15 Repetitions of the Lunge, Squats and Step-

Ups.

Day 5Complete 2 Sets comprising 15 Repetitions of Sit-Ups, Twist Sit-Ups and


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Day 7Complete 2 Sets comprising 10 Repetitions of ALL exercises carried out in

Week 4. During this programme take a 2 minute rest between Sets.

WEST POINT

97. The mission of the West Point is to provide the nation with “leaders of character.” The

ultimate test of military leadership is in combat. On the athletic fields and courts, company,

club, and corps squad, athletes encounter some of the conditions and circumstances

resembling those that they may face in combat.

98. Athletic participation is an ideal laboratory environment for cadets to develop

leadership skills. When properly designed and implemented, and based on the principles of

fair play, athletic participation contributes significantly to the mission of the Academy. When

refined through practice, athletic participation supports the development of Army Values:

loyalty, duty, respect, selfless service, and honor, and integrity, physical and moral courage.

99. An underlying principle at West Point is “Every cadet an athlete, every athlete

challenged.” Therefore, every cadet is required to participate in the competitive sports

programs during the fall, winter, and spring seasons and at a level of competition consistent

with a cadet‟s ability.

a. Department of Physical Education (DPE)The Department of Physical Education

develops warrior leaders of character who are physically and mentally tough by

engaging cadets in activities that promote and enhance a healthy lifestyle, physical

fitness, movement behavior, and psychomotor performance.

b. Cadet Competitive Club Sports

c. Army Intercollegiate AthleticsFans and friends can follow Army's 25 intercollegiate

athletic teams via the Army Athletic Association home page. Here you'll find team

schedules, results and recaps, coach and player profiles, historical data, sports press

releases, and information on team facilities. Links are also provided for purchasing

tickets and official West Point apparel and gift items. Summer Camp information is

found here as well.


100. Cadets as athletes must become proficient in a host of individual skills. A course of

numerous Physical Training Tests develops their body fitness and promotes their agility.

They have to engage in frequent tough conditioning exercises in order to qualify PMA‟s

physical fitness tests. This fitness acquired over long period of strenuous training stays with

them as a life-time asset

101. GCs (Gentlemen Cadets) are required to pass various physical tests. The academy has

very high physical standards, which all cadets have to achieve in order to pass. The physical

requirements increase with promotion to the next term. The basic requirement for all cadets

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either of first,second,third or fourth term is to be able to run one mile (1.6 km) within six

minutes. Other tests includes pushups, sit ups, chin up, rope test, nine mile (14 km) running,

assault course, acid test and agility tests like the horse test. These tests generally test the

stamina and strength of a cadet.

102. LCs are also required to pass physical efficiency tests like GCs, but the standards are bit

less keeping in view to their physique. The basic requirement for all lady cadets is to run one

mile (1.6 km) within ten minutes. Other tests include pushups, sit ups, bar hanging, assault

course and they also undergo an exercise „Qiyadat‟ with GCs. They are entitled to do Horse

Riding, Shooting, Swimming, and Fencing; depending on their will. LCs also competes for

firing medal and PT medal.

2.2.4 EXTRA-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES


103. With a view to encouraging officer cadets to develop their talents, Club activities have

been introduced to KDU as an extracurricular activity. Today we find several clubs actively

functioning inside the university premises. Some of them are eco club, music and dancing

club, speech and drama club, E-club, photography club, art and culture club, rowing club and

air riffle club.

104. Eco club is functioning under the theme of “A healthy environment for successful

military training and academic studies.” In order to achieve its motto, the club organizes

various workshops and programmes to educate its members as well as other officer cadets

and university staff.

105. Music and Dancingclubalso functions successfully fulfilling the objectives of

“improving hidden talents of officer cadets. Various programmes and workshops are

organized by the club developing the music and dancing skills of officer cadets giving them

opportunities to enhance their talents in the respective fields. The club is also responsible for

maintaining the university music band and dancing troops.

106. Photography clubwas established having the idea of developing aesthetic approach

in the lives of officer cadets. The club provides theoretical knowledge as well as practical

knowledge to its membership successfully. To provide basic and advanced knowledge of

photography, the club conducts workshop for its members.

107. Art and Culture clubwas established in order to develop aesthetic approach in the

living of the officer cadets including a cultural awareness of different nationalities among

officer cadets. The club is very proud to have officer cadets of different nationalities and

religions among its active members so that the club is able to organize various religious

programmes during festival times of all major religions practiced in Sri Lanka. The members

are provided opportunities to visit various art exhibitions as well.

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108. Speech and Drama clubOfficerCadets who participate in speech the and drama club

have opportunity to improve their speech and drama skills, leadership skills and good social

qualities. The club is actively involved in comparing all kdu events.

109. E-clubis most significant clubs of the university since its responsible for maintaining

and updating the university‟s web site. The club members are always educated of information

technology in order to fulfill the requirements mentioned above. This club is the most famous

club among the engineering officer cadets and majority of the club consists of them. The club

provides a sound technical knowledge during the practical workshops.

110. Rowing clubto satisfy the requirements of improving water sport skills among officer

cadets, the rowing club was formed recently. Not only that but also they have displayed their

talents in the first ever indoor rowing championship held in Sri Lanka.

111. Air Riffle clubthe most recent club formed was the air riffle club. As it was formed

this year, the club is looking forward to expand their membership and to show their talents in

the future.

112. Sport Activities

a. Athletics

b. Basketball

c. Rowing

d. Rugby

e. Tennis

f. Karate

g. Table

h. Squash

i. Volleyball

j. Netball

k. Hockey

l. Swimming

m. Football

n. Badminton

o. Boxing

p. Cricket

q. tennis

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113. Archery club The aim of forming the Archery Club was to introduce another

popular and internationally recognized sport to the Officer Cadets. It guides the youngsters to

be extra patient, and extremely energetic.

114. Golf clubThe Golf Club of the SLMA was formed on 04th Nov 1998. This club was

started with the aim of teaching Officer Cadets, the basic of golf and also to develop their

skills in this sport.

115. Martial Arts clubThe Martial Arts Club has been functioning for a long period in the

SLMA. The club was started with the aim of teaching Officer Cadets, the basic defensive

techniques of Martial Arts and also to develop their skills in this sport. Martial Arts Club is

open for both lady and gentleman Officer Cadets.

116. Music and Dancing club. Thisisproviding opportunities for its members to develop

their dancing abilities under a qualified instructor. It gives the cadet some relaxation

deviating from their tough military programme.

117. Photography club. Improving the knowledge of photography and its basics including

the techniques is the aim of this club.

NAVAL AND MARITIME ACADEMY (NMA)

118. An educational tour of two weeks during the term II be covers several important places

in Sri Lanka

119. Boat Pulling

a. Terms used in sailing

b. Theory of sailing

c. Sailing rules

d. Parts of a sailing boat


120. Clubs, Unions and Associations conduct by the cadets.

a. CanoeingIt covers all aspects of competitive canoeing in the disciplines of Wild

Water Racing, Slalom, Polo, Freestyle, Sprint & Marathon and Surf from unit to

Army and Combined Services representational levels.

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b. Hang Glidingsince its inception in the 1970s, has developed into a practical and

relatively safe sport, using simple yet sophisticated gliders built of aluminum, carbon-

fiber and high-tech sail fabrics.

c. Paragliding Modern paraglide can be soared effortlessly on windward slopes

and across country in good conditions. A paraglide is more portable and a little easier

to learn to fly than a hang glider. Those are some extracurricular activities done by

royal military academy in USA. Other than that club activities like social dancing, air

riffles are main curricular activities done in the academy.

WEST POINT

121. They organize and plan traditional Class Weekend activities, including Ring Weekend,

Plebe-Parent Weekend, 500th Night Weekend, Yearling Winter Weekend, 100th Night

Weekend, and Graduation. We also purchase commemorative mementos to help celebrate

these special events in the cadets' four-year experience at West Point. And also they are

conducting several club activities. They are,

a. Language Club

b. Aviation Club

c. Hunting Club / Fishing Club

d. Sailing Team

e. Bowling Team

f. Chess Club

g. Navigators

h. Debate Team

i. Cycling Team

j. Pistol Team


122. Host of clubs have been established to provide varied recreations and useful pastimes.

Every cadet finds a club to his individual taste and interest. It is mandatory for them to be the

members of one or the other club. The range of these clubs is vast and varied. the Following

clubs exist

Indoor Club Outdoor Club

a. Science Club Para Club

b. Computer Club Gliding Club

c. Crafts Club Angling Club

d. Drama Club Hiking Club

e. Debating Club Riding Club

f. Music Club Judo and Karate Club

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g. Fine Arts Club Health and Hygiene Club

h. Camera Club Frogman Club

i. Graphics Club Rifle Club

j. Literary Club Shirker Club

2.3EVALUATION METHODS USED IN MILITARY ACADEMIES


115.Semester Assessment ReportKDU divides their training year into two main semesters

for convenience of conducting training program. A semester is made two with two quarters.

KDU maintains semester assessment for every cadet who under goes training at KDU. Every

cadet gets 4600 marks for each semester. Semester assessment is also based on five main

categories used for monthly and quarterly assessments.

116. Character Assessment ReportCharacter assessment report is make for a duration of

one year period. Character assessment report is totally based on officer leadership qualities.

3600 (300x12) marks given for every cadet for every year. Character assessment marks are

given at the end ofevery month under 15 officer leadership qualities. Every officer leadership

quality takes 20 marks per month. The following officer leadership qualities and marks come

under character assessment report.

a. Initiative

b. Reliability

c. Zeal and energy

d. Moral standard

e. Tact and cooperation

f. Loyalty

g. Appearance

h. Power of command

i. Intelligence

j. Adaptability

k. Organization ability

l. Power of expression

m. Integrity

n. Suitability

o. Punctuality

117. Discipline Assessment ReportDiscipline is the most important quality in armed

forces all around the world. Armed forces maintain their command structure and hierarchy

based on military discipline. Cadet training also takes special focus for cadet discipline.

Every officer cadet undergoing training of KDU takes a total of 1200 marks for each

academic year. Marks are deducted based on the following guide lines.

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a. Confinement to barrack 20 marks

b. Pack drills\extra drills 10 marks

c. Show parade \reporting 5 marks

d. Cancellation of walk out weekend passes 5 marks

e. Admonished by commandant 100 marks

f. Admonished by deputy commandant 75 marks

g. Admonished by commanding officer 50 marks

h. Admonished by squadron commander 20 marks

i. Administer by any commissioned officer 10 marks

j. Reprimanded by commandant 200 marks

k. Loss of seniority 300 marks

l. Placed under observation 10 marks

m. Checked in troop commander muster 5 marks

n. Checked in squadron commander muster 10 marks

o. Check by commanding officer muster parade

or during any other inspection 50 marks

118. Any other misconduct bad observations

a. by commandant or deputy commandant 50marks

b. by commanding officer 30marks

c. by squadron commander 20marks

d. by troop commander 10marks

e. Reduction in rank 50marks

119. WORK ASSESSMENT SHEETWork assessment sheet is another assessment sheet use by

KDU to assist their cadets. In work assessment sheet attention is given for drill, PT, WT, games,

confidence course, maintain books. Every month they calculate marks for work assessment sheets.

Every cadet can earn 200 marks for work assessment sheet. The mark system for work assessment

sheet is

a. DrillAttendance during the month 05marks

Test 25 marks

b. PTAttendance during the month 10marks

Test 90 marks

c. WTAttendance during the month 05marks

Test 25 marks

d. Games confidence courseAttendance during the month 05 marks

Test 25 marks

e. Maintenance files, booksAcademic subject\assessment 05marks

Methodical and need 05marks

Good 04marks

Average 03marks

Satisfy 02marks

f. military subject\file\documents 05marks

Methodical and need 05marks

Good 04marks

Average 03marks

Satisfy 02marks

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2.4 BUILDING A GOOD OFFICER TO THE NATION

120. There are so many aspects to be changed in men‟s live when they are orientating from civil life

to military life. Especially as an officer, he has to change his life totally. In this case the bridge

between civil life and military life is the cadet period. As well a s he should be able to

gain good knowledge and he has to be an all-rounder through this period.

121. When he has become as an officer, he is a leader of the service. Therefore he has to improve his

leadership qualities. As personal leadership qualities he has to develop the followings.

a. Vision

b. Continuous learner

c. Self awareness

d. Decisiveness

e. Courage

f. Aggressiveness

g. Honesty and integrity

h. Trust, loyalty, selflessness

i. Initiative

j. Energy and enthusiasm

122. Anofficer has to handle his men. Therefore he should be a team leader. He should command his

men and get them work done. Man management is a special ability which an officer must have

because to controlling and managing people is not an easy task. In any army there are thousands of

people who belong to different societies and have different qualities. Without having good

management skills and team leading ability it is a dream to win a battle. When becoming a team

leader or a man manager he/she should possess the following qualities with them.

a. Team builder

b. Team work

c. Cultural sensitivity

d. Developing others

e. Inspiring

123. After becoming an officer one cannot stay away from his leadership. He has to be a situational

leader who can manage any circumstances. That kind of leader should improve qualities like,

a. Adapting to/ managing/creating.

b. Transformation.

c. Tolerance of others‟ views.

d. Implementation.

e. Leading with speed.

f. Communication skills

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124. An officer has to take quick decisions in a battle. It should be a 100% correct decision.

Therefore he should have a Strategic thinking ability. When talking about strategic thinking ability

strategic leadership should be improved. For that the following qualities are to be with that officer.

a. Mental agility

b. Analytical

c. Critical thinking

d. Holistic/systems thinking

e. Synthesis

f. Thinking across boundaries

g. Cognitive understanding

h. External awareness

125. Quantitative and qualitative methods are used as a technique to identify the lapses between the

quality and quantity development of officer qualities. In the early era it was used to identify the

development and improvement of officer qualities. The number of officers cadets were less and their

qualitative standard was very high. But in the present due to the current requirement the quantity of

officer cadets has been increased. When there is a large number of an officer cadet it is difficult to

improve and develop the officer qualities. Therefore, training methods should be developed.

126. Officer qualities remain unchanged. But it should be cultivated with officer cadets through the

training process because when a person enters the forces as cadets he/she does not have any idea

regarding qualities. When he undergoes the training only he can adapt to the situation. It is difficult to

escape the entry of bad qualities to the officer cadets. However from a service person country does not

expect stealing, cheating, lying etc. So it is proved that through observing, learning, training officer

qualitiescan be developed and improved.

127. An officer should possess an ability to move with any level of society. He/she should have

ability to coordinate with low level, middle level and high level without any resistance.

128. For example in the 4th Elam war period Sri Lankan service person did a great job of rescuing

the innocent civilians who didn‟t have even proper cloths. They have been with them, sharing their

happy, sorrow and solving their problems. It proves that officer should have the ability and

Coordinate with all levels in society.

129. Also an officer should have a great ability to be with high level society. It has been practiced

with them by the training given to them regarding mess etiquettes and leadership development

courses. For example it can be shown that when there is any high status function officers able to deal

with any circumstances. And also they have the ability to develop international relations with other

countries. For example in 4th Elam war all the negotiation work was done by higher military officers.

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129. When considering social background of officers, though they are from high, low or middle they

should know how to treat his subordinates. They have to treat their men in very good way. Persons

who belong to middle class and low class know the difficulties faced by soldiers. They know how to

motivate them to fight in battle. High class people try to give good facilities to them because as per

them it may be their basic need. So it is essential to take officer cadets from every background.

130. The British army when they are selecting officer cadets they study there cultural and social

background. In early eras the British army enlisted officer cadets only from rich and wealthy families

because they thought officers should have ability to nourish his troop on his own. And also they

expect that a person froma higher class social possesses good qualities and it is easy to make him a

good officer. The belief in that an officer treats his men ain good way he will gain respect

automatically.

131. It was observed in the last Elam war period. Those Officerswho treated their men well were

protected by his soldiers. in the bomb blast at the army head quarters to kill the former Army

Commander he was protected by a soldier who was in charge of his security. And there are so many

experiences like this. The other way of getting respect is by forcing. But that way does not for long.

Person does not have good officer qualities have to gain respect by force.

CHAPTER TWO · 2015. 7. 27. · compare KDU with Sri Lanka Military Academy Diyatalawa, Sri Lanka Naval and Maritime Academy, Trincomalee, Sri Lanka Air Force Academy China bay SandHurst

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