CHAPTER 20 SECTION 2 The Republic
Jan 04, 2016
CHAPTER 20 SECTION 2
The Republic
Key Terms
Maximilien RobespierreGuillotineCounterrevolutionReign of Terror
Factions in the New Government
All members of national convention supported the revolution
Three political factionsFirst- ____________
Members were Montangnards the most radical
Support came from lower middle class and the poor
Jacobin radical sub group
Factions in the New Government
Second-_________ Moderates Provinces who hated
resented influence of Paris mob on the Revolution
Generally supported a _________ ________
Resisted extremes on either side
Factions in the New Government
Third called the _____ Swing voters Supported the ______
then switched to the ________
Groupings had no formal organization
Did not put forth programs or plan ideas
Radical Leaders
Jean-Paul Marat- advocate of violence
Leader of the Paris ____________
One of the National Convention’s most radical leaders
Radical Leaders
Georges-Jacques _____ violent agitator Popular with the
people Compromiser Opposed excesses of
the Revolution
Maximillien Robespierre
Intense dedication to the ___________
Became increasingly radical
Led ______ _________ during the most blood thirsty time
Execution of the King
National Convention had ________placed on trial
__________ were eager to try and execute the king
Prevent the return of the monarchy
January 21, 1793 Louis placed on the _______
Execution of the King
Louis tried to proclaim innocence
Young guard held up the dripping _____ for all to see
Europeans reacted in horror
London Times condemned the _______ and execution as savagery
Tightening Control
National Convention tightened hold on France
_______________________- to manage country’s military
Set up a draft of all men between 18 and 45
Court of ________ ______- rule out people who threatened Revolution
Transforming Society
Leaders of new government wanted to erase the past
Including religionMany ______ members lost their positionsParis local governments closed ______
Transforming Society
Robespierre created the cult of the _______ ______ to replace Catholicism
Enthusiasm for the revolution was object of worship
Title of Bibles changed to “___________________________”
Transforming Society
Metric system replaced old _____ and ______ system
Months were renamedEach month had 3 ten
day weeksRevolutionary calendar
fell out of use_______ ______is the only
thing that is still used
Reign of Terror
Great Britain, _____, Spain, Austria, ______ formed a coalition for war
Took drastic measures to prevent a ___________
Reign of Terror-________ began a series of trials and executions
Outbreak of Civil War
Resistance to revolution was in the countryside
After peasants had feudal dues removed, they wanted to remain _________.
Outbreak of Civil War
When draft was instituted by the National Convention, peasants hatred erupted
Vendee’ resistance led to ______ _____.
Catholic and ____ _____fought government forces
Government gained control and destroyed everything and everyone they could
Accusations and Trials
Mountain in Paris eliminated any resistance
__________ declared the need to use terror to defend the public from enemies
Revolutionary Tribunal started its campaign with the Girondists
Accusations and Trials
Anyone who criticized revolution or connected to the Old Order were in danger
The accused had few rights
Some were forbidden to defend themselves
Death by Guillotine
Most common sentence was _____
Death was quickCondemned rode in
open ___ and were paraded through the streets
Sometimes people would cheer or jeer them
Death by Guillotine
Mobs watched the executions
Women would knit while watching executions
Could execute more than one person per ______
Residents complained about the ______ in the cities drainage ditches
The Terror’s Victims
Did not spare particular class, occupation, or gender
________ and __________ were the largest group executed
Marie Antoinette was one of the earliest victims
The Terror’s Victims
____________ who wrote Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen was executed
Nuns who refused to close their convents
______ himself was executed
His head and 100 supporters were killed
Terror’s Victims
10 months- 300,000 people were ______
17,000 were _______Widespread violence
shocked the FrenchIncreased foreign
opposition to the Revolution
Actions to protect revolution actually weakened it
After the Terror
1795 National Convention wrote another _________
Restricted voting rights to men who own ________
Governing board called the __________ was formed
Made up of five men. They weren’t an effective government and were corrupt.
Became like Old Order again
After the Terror
Passed some financial reforms
Not a effective government
Directors were weak and corrupt
Rule shared many characteristics of the Old Order
Result was a power vacuum