Chapter 20 Notes Today’s Issues- Africa. Section 1- Economic Development Africa’s Economy- –Primarily provide raw materials to developed nations –Problems-

Chapter 20 Notes

Today’s Issues- Africa

Section 1- Economic Development

• Africa’s Economy-– Primarily provide raw materials to

developed nations– Problems-

• Exploited resources• Millions sold into slavery• No regard for environment while

mining, & drilling• Little infrastructure (roads,

airports…)• Little political stability• Little technology

Section 1- Economic Development

• Most African nations are worse off than they were 30 years ago.

• Continents GNP is the size of Argentina’s

• Most African nations owe billions in debt to foreign governments.

Section 1- Economic Development• DON’T WRITE• Sub-Saharan Africa: For every $1 received in aid grants in

1999, the countries in the region paid back $1.51 in debt service. They owe $231 billion to creditors, that is $406 for every man, woman and child in Africa. Sub-Saharan countries spend over twice as much on debt service as on basic health care. They spend 6.1 % of GNP on education and spent 5.0 % of GNP on debt service. If Africa's debt were cancelled it could almost double its spending on education.

Section 1- Economic Development

• Most African nations economies rely on exporting raw materials, several rely on exporting 1-2 goods– Known as “One-Commodity” Countries

• Commodity is an agricultural or mining product that is sold.

• $ varies day to day• Very unstable

Section 1- Economic Development

• African nations need to Diversify – create variety in their economies, promote

manufacturing, to achieve economic growth & stability

Section 1- Economic Development

• Education- – African nations need to improve their

schooling systems– Retain the professionals in their continent

• Many go to other countries (U.S. & Europe) to earn a better living

Section 2- Health Care

• Cholera- – Caused by inadequate sanitation & lack of a clean

water supply• Often fatal if not treated

Section 2- Health Care

• Malaria- infectious disease with chills & fever, often fatal.– Spread by mosquitoes – Resistant to drugs because of

overuse

Section 2- Health Care

• Tuberculosis- respiratory infection spread between humans, usually accompanies AIDS– If left untreated it kills 50%

Section 2- Health Care

• UNAIDS- United Nations program that studies the world’s AIDS epidemic

AIDSSpreading Across Africa

≈40 million people have HIV/AIDS worldwide

≈25+ million are in sub-Saharan Africa

Remaining29%

Africa71%

25+ million have diedfrom AIDS worldwide

4+ million were under the age of 15

• In 2000, 3 Million died from AIDS

– Of these 2.4 Million lived in Sub-Saharan Africa

5.4 million new AIDS infections each year

4 million are in Africa

13.2 million orphans from AIDS

12.1 million of those are found in Africa

In 1999, 85% of AIDS deaths were in Africa

11 new HIV/AIDS

infections occur each

minute

7200 new AIDS infections per day

How does AIDS compare to other epidemics?

Bubonic Plague killed 30 million people inMedieval Europe

By 2010 sub-Saharan Africa willhave 71 million FEWER people

than if AIDS never happened

IMPACT?Teachers, doctors, and nurses are dying faster than can be replaced

80% of those dying are between 20-50 years old – workers in the prime of life

Infection in South Africa: 1 in 10

Infection in Botswana andZimbabwe: 1 in 4

But beyond statistics…………….

Families forced to care for members who are ill spend money on medicine otherwise used for food, housing, schools, and other necessities

People trapped in poverty typically have limited access to health care and are not educated about health issues

Effective and comprehensive prevention programs could cost $2.3 billion each year

AIDS is turning back theclock on development in Africa

How is it spreading so quickly?

Mobile work force and rapid urbanization

Contribute to cities with 40/50% of population infected

Soldiers moving from from one war to another…..spreads the disease

Misconceptions about the disease and how it is spread

Lack of education