PowerPoint slides for The Tourism System 7th ed. by Robert C. Mill and Alastair M. Morrison, published by Kendall/Hunt, 2012.
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The Tourism System 6th edition Kendall Hunt Publishing Company
Purpose: Having learned about the economic, social and cultural, and environmental impacts of tourism on destination areas, students will be able to suggest ways that the benefits of tourism can be maximized.
Learning Objective 1: Economic Impacts of Tourism Explain the three major economic impacts of tourism on destination areas and how these impacts are measured.
Increasing Income Tourism economic impact measurement techniques The ad hoc or simple multiplier Input-output analysis Economic impact models (e.g., TEIM and TEAM) Tourism satellite accounts (TSAs)
Input-Output Analysis and TSAs Tourism satellite accounts (TSAs) are based on input-output
analysis. According to the Office of Travel & Tourism Industries: “Travel and
Tourism Satellite Accounts form an indispensable statistical instrument that allows the United States to measure the relative size and importance of the travel and tourism industry, along with its contribution to gross domestic product (GDP). Approved by the United Nations in March 2002 and endorsed by the U.N. Statistical Commission, TTSAs have become the international standard by which travel and tourism is measured. In fact, more than fifty countries around the world have embraced travel and tourism satellite accounting.”
Economic Development Considerations and Analysis Cost/benefit analysis Structural analysis Satellite national accounting Tourism and regional development
Tourism Satellite Accounts (TSAs) The purpose of a tourism satellite account is to analyze in detail all the aspects of demand for goods and services associated with the activity of visitors; to observe the operational interface with the supply of such goods and services within the economy; and to describe how this supply interacts with other economic activities (Francesco Frangialli, Secretary General, World Tourism Organisation, 2008).
Potentially Negative Social and Cultural Impacts of Tourism
1. Damage to family structures and subsistence food production.
2. Displacement of local people to make way for airports, resorts, nature reserves, historical and other attraction sites, and other tourism development projects.
3. Encouragement of behaviors such as begging, touting, and other harassment of visitors.
Potentially Negative Social and Cultural Impacts of Tourism 7. Increase in drug abuse and prostitution. 8. Open antagonism and crimes against visitors. 9. Commercialization of traditional welcome and hospitality
customs. 10. Loss of cultural identity. 11. Overcrowding and damage to archaeological and
historical sites and monuments.
Copyright - VisitScotland/ScottishViewpoint
Learning Objective 4: Positive Social and Cultural Impacts of Tourism
Identify the positive social and cultural impacts that may result from tourism.
May encourage attempts to keep culture and traditions alive.
Traditional ways and goods may be restored because visitors are interested and are willing buyers of these.
Festivals staged for visitors help to keep local cultures alive.
Copyright - VisitScotland/ScottishViewpoint
Learning Objective 5: Potential Negative Environmental Impacts of Tourism Describe the potentially negative environmental impacts of tourism on destination areas.
Potentially Negative Environmental Impacts of Tourism
1. Changes of land use. 2. Congestion and air pollution. 3. Contribution to worldwide environmental problems. 4. Deterioration and disturbance of the natural ecology. 5. Deterioration of archaeological, historical,
Sustainable Tourism Development Adopting the principles of sustainable tourism
development is the key to achieving an acceptable balance between the positive and negative impacts of tourism.
Sustainable development “meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” (World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987).
The Tourism System 6th edition Kendall Hunt Publishing Company