Chapter 2: Terms Pertaining to the Body as a Whole.

Chapter 2: Terms Pertaining to the Body as

a Whole

Chapter 2: Terms Pertaining to the Body as

a Whole

In this chapter you willIn this chapter you will

1. Define terms that apply to the structural organization of the body.

2. Identify the body cavities and recognize the organs contained within those cavities.

3. Locate and identify the anatomical and clinical divisions of the abdomen.

In this chapter you willIn this chapter you will

4. Become acquainted with terms that describe positions, directions, and planes of the body.

4. Identify meanings for new word elements and use them to understand new medical terms.

Structural Organization of the BodyMajor Parts of a Cell (p. 32)

Structural Organization of the BodyMajor Parts of a Cell (p. 32)

Types of Cells (p. 36)Types of Cells (p. 36)

Muscle cell Nerve cell

Epithelial cell Fat cell

TissuesTissues

A group of similar cells working together to do a specific job– Epithelial tissue – all tissues that cover the

outside of the body and line the inner surfaces of internal organs.

– Muscle Tissue– Connective tissue – fat, cartilage, bone,

blood.– Nerve tissue

OrgansOrgans

Structures composed of several kinds of tissue

– Heart

– Stomach

Viscera: internal organs

SystemsSystems

Groups of organs working together to perform complex functions

– Cardiovascular System

– Digestive System

1. Cranial Cavity – page 391. Cranial Cavity – page 39

Brain Pituitary gland

CranialCavity

2. Thoracic Cavity – page 392. Thoracic Cavity – page 39

Pleural Cavity– Lungs

Mediastinum– Heart– Esophagus– Trachea– Bronchial tubes– Thymus gland– Aorta

ThoracicCavity

Diaphragm Diaphragm

separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities

3. Abdominal Cavity – page 393. Abdominal Cavity – page 39

Stomach Small and large

intestines Spleen Pancreas Liver Gallbladder

AbdominalCavity

4. Pelvic Cavity – page 394. Pelvic Cavity – page 39

Portions of the small and large intestines

Rectum Organs of the urinary

system Organs of the

reproductive systemPelvic Cavity

5. Spinal Cavity – page 395. Spinal Cavity – page 39

Nerves of the spinal cord

SpinalCavity

Dorsal (posterior) CavitiesDorsal (posterior) Cavities

Cavities in the back of the body

– Cranial

– Spinal

Ventral (anterior) CavitiesVentral (anterior) Cavities

Cavities in the front of the body

– Thoracic

– Abdominal

– Pelvic

Abdominopelvic Regions (p. 44)Abdominopelvic Regions (p. 44)

R&L Hypochondriac Epigastric R&L Lumbar Umbilical R&L Inguinal Hyopgastric

Abdominopelvic Quadrants (p. 45)Abdominopelvic Quadrants (p. 45)

Right Upper– Gallbaldder – Liver

Right lobe– Parts of

PancreasSmall IntestinesLarge Intestines

Abdominopelvic Quadrants (p. 45)Abdominopelvic Quadrants (p. 45)

Left Upper– Stomach– Liver

Left lobe– Parts of

PancreasSmall IntestinesLarge Intestines

Abdominopelvic Quadrants (p. 45)Abdominopelvic Quadrants (p. 45)

Right Lower– R ovary– R fallopian tube– Appendix – R ureter– Parts of

Small IntestineLarge Intestine

Abdominopelvic Quadrants (p. 45)Abdominopelvic Quadrants (p. 45)

Left Lower

– L ovary

– L fallopian tube

– L ureter

– Parts ofSmall IntestineLarge Intestine

Divisions of the back and spinal column (p. 46)Divisions of the back and spinal column (p. 46)

Cervical (7)

Thoracic (12)

Lumbar (5)

Sacral (5)

Coccygeal (4)

Positional and Directional Terms (p. 48)Positional and Directional Terms (p. 48)

Planes of the Body (p. 48-49)Planes of the Body (p. 48-49)

Planes of the Body (p. 48-49)1. Frontal (coronal) Plane

Planes of the Body (p. 48-49)1. Frontal (coronal) Plane

Vertical plane Divides the body

into

– anterior

– posterior

Frontal(Coronal)Plane

2. Sagittal (lateral) Plane2. Sagittal (lateral) Plane

Vertical plane Divides the body

or structure into

– right side

– left side

Sagittal(Lateral)Plane

3. Transverse (cross-sectional) Plane3. Transverse (cross-sectional) Plane

Horizontal plane Divides the body

or structure into

– upper half

– lower half

Transverse(cross-sectional)Plane

Chapter 2Terms Pertaining to the

Body as a Whole

Chapter 2Terms Pertaining to the

Body as a Whole

Pages 50-53

abdominalabdominal

abdomin/o: abdomen -al Pertaining to the abdomen

adiposeadipose

adip/o: fat -ose: pertaining to Pertaining to fat

anterioranterior

anter/o: front -ior: pertaining to Pertaining to the

front

anabolismanabolism

ana-: up bol/o: to cast (throw) -ism: process Process of casting up

– The building-up or synthesizing process in a cell.

cervicalcervical

cervic/o: neck -al Pertaining to the

neck

chondromachondroma

chondr/o: cartilage -oma Tumor of cartilage

– Benign

chondrosarcomachondrosarcoma

chondr/o Sarc/o: flesh -oma Flesh tumor of cartilage

– Malignant

chromosomeschromosomes

chrom/o: color -some: body Color bodies

– They absorb the color of dyes used to stain the cell

– Contain genetic material– Located in the nucleus

coccygealcoccygeal

coccyg/o: coccyx -al Pertaining to the

Coccyx (tailbone)

craniotomycraniotomy

crani/o: skull -tomy Incision of the skull

cytoplasmcytoplasm

cyt/o -plasm: formation Formation (contents) of the cell

distaldistal

dist/o: far, distant -al Pertaining to far

– From the beginning of a structure

dorsaldorsal

dors/o: back -al Pertaining to the back

histologyhistology

hist/o: tissue -logy Study of tissues

iliaciliac

ili/o: ilium -ac Pertaining to the

ilium, part of the pelvic bone.

inguinalinguinal

inguin/o: groin -al Pertaining to the groin

karyotypekaryotype

kary/o: nucleus -type: classification,

picture Picture or

classification of the nucleus – And its

chromosomes

laterallateral

later/o: side -al Pertaining to the

side

lumbosacrallumbosacral

lumb/o: lower back sacr/o: sacrum -al Pertaining to the lower back and

sacrum

medialmedial

medi/o: middle -al Pertaining to the middle

nucleicnucleic

nucle/o: nucleus -ic Pertaining to the nucleus

pelvicpelvic

pelv/o: hip, pelvic cavity -ic Pertaining to the hip or pelvic cavity

posteriorposterior

poster/o: back -ior Pertaining to the

back

proximalproximal

proxim/o: near -al Pertaining to near

– A structure

sacralsacral

sacr/o: sacrum -al Pertaining to the

sacrum

sarcomasarcoma

sarc/o -oma Tumor of flesh

– malignant

spinalspinal

spin/o: spine -al Pertaining to the

spine

epithelial cellepithelial cell

epi- thel/o: nipple -al Pertaining to upon a nipple

– Skin cell

thoracicthoracic

thorac/o: chest -ic Pertaining to the chest

thoracotomythoracotomy

thorac/o -tomy Incision of the chest.

trachealtracheal

trache/o: trachea -al Pertaining to the

trachea

umbilicalumbilical

umbilic/o: navel -al Pertaining to the navel

ventralventral

ventr/o: belly side of the body -al Pertaining to the belly side of the body

vertebralvertebral

vertebr/o: vertebrae -al Pertaining to

vertebrae

visceralvisceral

viscer/o: internal organs -al Pertaining to internal organs

anabolicanabolic

ana- bol/o -ic Pertaining to casting up

– building up substances (proteins) in the cell

catabolismcatabolism

cata-: down bol/o -ism Process of casting down

– breaking down material in the cell to release energy

– Mitichondria

epigastricepigastric

epi- gastr/o -ic Pertaining to

above the stomach

hypochondriac regionshypochondriac regions

hypo- chondr/o -iac Pertaining to below

(rib) cartilages

intervertebralintervertebral

inter-: between vertebr/o -al Pertaining to

between the vertebrae

metabolismmetabolism

meta-: change bol/o -ism Process of casting change

– Anabolism and catabolism