Chapter 2 Section 1
Dec 16, 2015
Chapter 2 Section 1
FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR
1754-1763 French attacked Fort Necessity and
captured George Washington
FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR
1754-1763 French attacked Fort Necessity and
captured George Washington Spread to Europe Edward Braddock was sent to command
British Forces (didn’t understand frontier fighting)
500-50 casualties
FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR
1754-1763 French attacked Fort Necessity and captured
George Washington Spread to Europe Edward Braddock was sent to command British
Forces (didn’t understand frontier fighting) 500-50 casualties 1759 Quebec was captured by British
commander James Wolfe
What was the main cause of the of the French
Indian War
ALBANY PLAN OF UNION
1754 Benjamin Franklin Place the British North American colonies
under a more centralized government The first important plan to conceive of the
colonies as a collective whole united under one government
Colonies would unite (- Georgia) Based on Iroquois League Rejected
THE PROCLAMATION OF 1763
Fighting would continue, disrupt trade, more money on defense
Law banned British from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains.
Ordered colonists in the upper Ohio River Valley to remove themselves
Many colonists ignored new law
BRITISH FINANCIAL PROBLEMS
Paying for the cost of governing and defending the colonies
Cost of the French and Indian War Prime Minister George Grenville turned
to the colonies Raised new taxes Enforce old duties on imports
SUGAR ACT
1764 Act actually cut the duty in half New rules Ships would be seized British Navy would patrol American coast Smuggling cases would be tried in British
courts (judge received 5% commission on illegal cargoes)
STAMP ACT
March 1765 Tax on newspapers, pamphlets, legal
documents, and most printed materials First time British government taxed colonist
with clear purpose of raising money Stamp Act Congress met and wrote petitions
and letters to the King and Parliament
QUARTERING ACT
1765 Colonies had to provide housing and
supplies for British Troops that remained after war
STAMP ACT REPEALED
Repealed in 1766 Delegates from 9 colonies met in New
York Benjamin Franklin spoke before
parliament Declaratory Act- stated Parliament had
the power to make laws for the colonies
TOWNSHEND ACTS
1767 Tax on glass, tea, lead, paint, paper Writs of assistance (forms that allowed
tax collectors to search for smuggled goods) were used to enforce the Townshend acts
Boycott used during Stamp Act was renewed
BOSTON MASSACRE
March 5, 1770 Sons of Liberty opposed British troops Soldiers opened fire on crowd Five dead British officers and eight soldiers were
arrested Seven were found not guilty Two found guilty of lesser crimes
http://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/boston-massacre/videos/boston-massacre
Why the Colonies Grow Discontented
1. Proclamation of 17632. George Grenville – prime
minister and 1st Lord of Treasury
Customs Duties – taxes on imports and exports
Admiralty Courts – courts outside of colonies used to try defiant colonists
3. Regulatory Acts- Acts imposed by the British to keep the colonies in check
Regulatory Acts- Sugar Act “no taxation w/o
representation” – James Otis- Currency Act – banned paper $- Stamp Act – required stamps
to be placed on printed material
- Quartering Act- Declaratory Act- Townshend Acts- Tea Act
Why did the British begin to impose so many taxes on the colonies?
How was the Stamp Act different from other taxes imposed by the British?
How the Colonists Respond
Sons of Liberty – Protest group formed by Isaac Sears aimed at defending American Liberties (Sam Adams)
Declaration of Rights and Grievances – argued that only the colonists’ political representatives had the right to tax colonists – petitioned to the king (Virginia Resolves)
Nonimportation Agreement – Boycott of British Goods
Response continued…
Daughters of Liberty – women protest group who began weaving own cloth
Boston Massacre- March 5, 1770- Group of British soldiers under the command of Thomas Preston open fire on crowd of protesters killing 5 and wounding 6
Success of Colonial Protests
1. Stamp Act repealed in 1766 due to nonimportation agreements
2. Townshend Acts repealed except tax on tea – uphold right to tax colonies – after Boston Massacre
Why do you think the British were so willing to pass new taxes in the face of colonial opposition?
How did the colonists fight the Stamp Act and
what was the results