Chapter 2 Sec 2 English Colonies in America
Feb 24, 2016
Chapter 2 Sec 2English Colonies in America
North American Exploration
English Exploration John Cabot
May 1497 Nova Scotia Disappeared 2nd
voyage No colonization for
80 years Lack of $ No real reason Allied w/Spain
against France
What drove people from England to America?I. Religion
Protestant Reformation-1517 Martin Luther John Calvin**
(congregations choose own elders and ministers) Impacted England and later America
King Henry VIII had just created the Anglican Church (broke from Catholic Church)
Differing views on the Anglican Church Puritans
Wanted to purify the church
Influenced by Calvin Clashed with James I
who did not want changes
What drove people from England to America?II. The economy
The Enclosure Movement Wool demand increased English landowners could make more money
raising sheep than renting out land Converted their lands to sheep farms
Many tenant farmers homeless and jobless Better chance at life by leaving England
Economy Cont’d
Wool supply outgrew demand-1550
Looking for new markets Formed Joint-stock companies
Pooled money of investors Raised more $ for big projects Eng merchants could trade with
& colonize other parts of world independently of government
What drove people from England to America?III. Politics Growing rivalry with Spain
England leading Protestant power Netherlands(Dutch)-Protestant Spanish tried to suppress Protestants in Nether.
Queen Eliz sent privateers to attach Spanish ships - Spain leading Catholic power
England needed outposts to support naval operations against Spain
Roanoke Mystery Sr. Walter Raleigh
set up the first Eng. colony in the Americas Near current NC/VA Roanoke He named the land
“Virginia” in honor of the “Virgin Queen” Elizabeth
Roanoke Mystery Cont’d 1585 1st group
Raleigh sent 100 men
Hard winter-left 1587 2nd group
91 men, 17 women, 9 children
Gov.John White ret’d to England for supplies-return delayed
Eng/Spain war
Roanoke Mystery Cont’d Gov White returns
1590 Colony is gone
No bodies Empty houses “CRO” carved on
post Still a mystery http://www.schooltube.com/video/89
c920dac3962b0ae572/
Jamestown Settled1606
by a charter from King James 1
The Virginia Company
John Smith leader 3 ships & 144 men
Settled on banks of river
James River & Jamestown
Named after king Swampy/mosquitoes
Jamestown Troubles Environment
Swampy/mosquitoes/disease Lack of survival knowledge
Did not know about living in woods and how to fish and raise livestock
Lack of food Politics
Upperclass “gentleman” refused to work Arguing in government Lawlessness
Jamestown Troubles Cont’d 200 new settlers in 1608
53 still alive by end of year John Smith/Chief Powhatan heroes
Smith traded with Powhatan Confederacy (Native Americans)
Kept settlers alive 1609 400 more settlers in August
Not enough food before winter Stole from N. Americans who attacked
Jamestown Troubles Cont’d “The Starving
Time” Winter 1609-1610 Ate dogs, rats,
snakes, toadstools, horsehides
A few-cannibalism Dug up graves & at
people
Jamestown never thrived
Tobacco Saves the Colony The colony lasted,
mostly thanks to John Rolfe and his cultivation of tobacco
Rolfe developed new curing method
The First Assembly Virginia governed by
House of Burgesses 1st representative
government in the colonies
Representatives called burgesses
After an attack by N. Americans in 1622 on Jamestown, James I revoked Charter-Royal Colony (Gov. appt by King)
Patrick Henry before the House of Burgesses in an 1851 painting by Peter F. Rothermel
Settling the Land Settlers lured by
“headrights” Bought share in
company or paid for passage – got 50 acres of land
First Africans arrive 1619 Settlers purchased
20 Africans as “Christian servants”
Other Colonies and Their Founders 1. Virginia – (see previous notes) 2.Maryland – Lord Baltimore, for Catholics to
have freedom to worship 3.Massachusetts – John Winthrop, a refuge
for Puritans 4.Rhode Island – Roger Williams, for
government with no authority in religious matters, he was a separatist
Other Colonies Cont’d 5.Connecticut – Thomas Hooker, they
adopted the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, the first written constitution in the colonies
6.New Hampshire – was started by a royal charter due to overcrowding in Massachusetts. Maine was as well but later was bought back by Massachusetts
Other Colonies Cont’d 7&8. New York and New Jersey – originally
founded by Henry Hudson for the Dutch but King Charles sent his brother James to take it for England
9&10Pennsylvania and Delaware– William Penn, refuge for Quakers, love and pacifism for all
Other Colonies Cont’d 11&12. North and South Carolina – King
Charles gave this land to his political allies, mostly for farming
13.Georgia – James Oglethorpe, a place for poor English debtors to start over