Chapter 2: Origins of American Government Section 4: Creating the Constitution American Government.

Chapter 2: Origins of American Chapter 2: Origins of American GovernmentGovernment

Section 4: Creating the ConstitutionSection 4: Creating the Constitution

Chapter 2: Origins of American Chapter 2: Origins of American GovernmentGovernment

Section 4: Creating the ConstitutionSection 4: Creating the Constitution

American Government

ObjectivesObjectives1.1.Identify the Framers of the Constitution Identify the Framers of the Constitution

and discuss how they organized the and discuss how they organized the Philadelphia Convention.Philadelphia Convention.

2.2.Compare and contrast the Virginia Plan Compare and contrast the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan.and the New Jersey Plan.

3.3.Summarize the convention’s major Summarize the convention’s major compromises and the effects of those compromises and the effects of those decisions. decisions.

4.4.Describe the delegates’ reactions to the Describe the delegates’ reactions to the Constitution.Constitution.

Key

Term

sKey

Term

s

FramersFramers: : the individuals who

the individuals who

attended the Philadelphia

attended the Philadelphia

ConventionConventionVirginia Plan

Virginia Plan: : a plan offered at the

a plan offered at the

Convention that called for a central

Convention that called for a central

government with three branches,

government with three branches,

with each state’s representation in

with each state’s representation in

a bicameral legislature based

a bicameral legislature based

mainly on population

mainly on populationNew Jersey Plan

New Jersey Plan:: a plan calling for

a plan calling for

a central government with a

a central government with a

unicameral legislature and equal

unicameral legislature and equal

representation of all the states.

representation of all the states.

Key

Term

s, c

ont.

Key

Term

s, c

ont.

Connecticut Compromise

Connecticut Compromise:: an an

agreement to divide Congress into

agreement to divide Congress into

two houses, one with

two houses, one with

representation based on state

representation based on state

population and one with equal

population and one with equal

representation for all states

representation for all states

Three-Fifths Compromise

Three-Fifths Compromise:: an an

agreement to count each slave as

agreement to count each slave as

three fifths of a person when

three fifths of a person when

determining state population

determining state population

Commerce and Slave Trade

Commerce and Slave Trade

Compromise

Compromise:: an agreement

an agreement

forbidding Congress from taxing

forbidding Congress from taxing

state exports or interfering with

state exports or interfering with

the slave trade for at least 20

the slave trade for at least 20

yearsyears

Intr

oduct

ion

Intr

oduct

ion

What compromises enabled the

What compromises enabled the

Framers to create the Constitution?

Framers to create the Constitution? The Connecticut Compromise

The Connecticut Compromise

This compromise dealt with how to

This compromise dealt with how to

determine the representation of states in the

determine the representation of states in the

national legislature.

national legislature. The Three-Fifths Compromise

The Three-Fifths Compromise

This compromise dealt with issues arising

This compromise dealt with issues arising

from slavery.

from slavery. The Commerce and Slave Trade

The Commerce and Slave Trade

Compromise

Compromise This compromise addressed northern and

This compromise addressed northern and

southern disagreements about foreign trade.

southern disagreements about foreign trade.

The F

ram

ers

The F

ram

ers

The Constitutional Convention began

The Constitutional Convention began

on on May 25, 1787, with 55 delegates.

May 25, 1787, with 55 delegates. These individuals, called the Framers,

These individuals, called the Framers,

came from many backgrounds:

came from many backgrounds:

Many had fought in the

Many had fought in the Revolutionary

Revolutionary

WarWar.. Eight had signed the

Eight had signed the Declaration of

Declaration of

Independence

Independence.. 34 had

34 had attended college

attended college at a time when it

at a time when it

was a rare achievement.

was a rare achievement.

Two would become

Two would become PresidentPresident, one a

, one a Vice Vice

PresidentPresident, nineteen a

, nineteen a U.S. Senator

U.S. Senator, and , and

thirteen a member of the

thirteen a member of the House of House of

Representatives

Representatives..

A New GovernmentA New Government The Framers elected George The Framers elected George

Washington as president of Washington as president of the convention and set up the convention and set up procedural rules.procedural rules.

A majority of state delegations A majority of state delegations would need to be present to would need to be present to conduct business.conduct business.

Each delegation would have Each delegation would have one vote.one vote.

A majority vote would carry a A majority vote would carry a proposal.proposal.

A N

ew

A

New

G

ove

rnm

ent,

Gove

rnm

ent,

co

nt.

cont. Then, on May 30th, Then, on May 30th,

the Framers made the Framers made their biggest their biggest decision: to replace decision: to replace the Articles of the Articles of Confederation Confederation rather than amend rather than amend them.them. James Madison James Madison

(right) was a major (right) was a major figure in the figure in the movement to movement to replace the replace the Constitution.Constitution.

The V

irgin

ia P

lan

The V

irgin

ia P

lan This plan called for a government

This plan called for a government

with a legislative, executive, and

with a legislative, executive, and

judicial branch.

judicial branch. Congress would have two houses, with

Congress would have two houses, with

representation based on state

representation based on state

population or the money given to the

population or the money given to the

central government.

central government.

Congress would have more power than

Congress would have more power than

it had under the Articles.

it had under the Articles.

It would be able to force states to obey

It would be able to force states to obey

federal law.

federal law. The members of Congress would elect

The members of Congress would elect

a national executive and judiciary.

a national executive and judiciary.

These two branches would form a

These two branches would form a

council that could veto acts passed by

council that could veto acts passed by

Congress.Congress.

The N

ew

Jers

ey

The N

ew

Jers

ey

Pla

nPla

n This plan proposed a much different

This plan proposed a much different

organization of the three branches.

organization of the three branches.

Congress would have a single house

Congress would have a single house

with equal representation for each state.

with equal representation for each state.

This Congress would have more limited

This Congress would have more limited

powers than under the Virginia Plan.

powers than under the Virginia Plan.

There would be an executive committee

There would be an executive committee

of several people, chosen by Congress.

of several people, chosen by Congress.

At the request of a majority of state

At the request of a majority of state

governors, Congress could remove

governors, Congress could remove

members of this committee.

members of this committee.

The executive committee would appoint

The executive committee would appoint

a supreme tribunal to be the federal

a supreme tribunal to be the federal

judiciary.judiciary.

Connect

icut

Connect

icut

Com

pro

mis

e

Com

pro

mis

e Small states feared that larger

Small states feared that larger

states would dominate them under

states would dominate them under

the Virginia Plan.

the Virginia Plan. The Connecticut Compromise, also

The Connecticut Compromise, also

called the Great Compromise,

called the Great Compromise,

solved this dispute.

solved this dispute. In the House of Representatives,

In the House of Representatives,

each state would be represented

each state would be represented

according to its population.

according to its population.

In the Senate, each state would

In the Senate, each state would

have equal representation.

have equal representation.

Addit

ional

Addit

ional

Com

pro

mis

es

Com

pro

mis

es Southern states wanted to

Southern states wanted to

count slaves as part of the

count slaves as part of the

state population. Northern

state population. Northern

states did not.

states did not. The Three-Fifths Compromise

The Three-Fifths Compromise

counted each slave as three-

counted each slave as three-

fifths of a person when figuring

fifths of a person when figuring

representation in Congress.

representation in Congress.

Addit

ional

Addit

ional

Com

pro

mis

es,

cont.

Com

pro

mis

es,

cont.

Southern states wanted to protect

Southern states wanted to protect

their agricultural exports and the

their agricultural exports and the

slave trade from regulation by

slave trade from regulation by

Congress.Congress.

Under the Commerce and Slave

Under the Commerce and Slave

Trade Compromise, Congress could

Trade Compromise, Congress could

not tax state exports or interfere

not tax state exports or interfere

with the slave trade until 1808.

with the slave trade until 1808.

The Issue of The Issue of SlaverySlavery

Disputes over slavery Disputes over slavery during the Convention during the Convention arose because slavery arose because slavery was far more common was far more common in the agricultural in the agricultural South than in the South than in the more industrial North.more industrial North.

However, slavery However, slavery was legal in every was legal in every state except state except Massachusetts.Massachusetts.

A B

undle

of

A B

undle

of

Com

pro

mis

es

Com

pro

mis

es

The Framers had to resolve

The Framers had to resolve

disputes involving such issues as:

disputes involving such issues as:

The exact structure of the new

The exact structure of the new

government

government Regional differences among the

Regional differences among the

statesstates The method of choosing the

The method of choosing the

PresidentPresident How to amend the Constitution

How to amend the Constitution

The limits on federal powers

The limits on federal powers The Constitution they approved on

The Constitution they approved on

September 17, 1787, has thus

September 17, 1787, has thus

been called a “bundle of

been called a “bundle of

compromises.”

compromises.”

Revi

ew

Revi

ew Now that you have learned what

Now that you have learned what

compromises enabled the Framers to

compromises enabled the Framers to

create the Constitution, go back and

create the Constitution, go back and

answer the Chapter Essential

answer the Chapter Essential

Question.Question. How does the Constitution reflect the

How does the Constitution reflect the

times in which it was written?

times in which it was written?