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* a systematic approach to solving a problem (pp13) 1. State the problem 2. Gather information 3. Form hypothesis 4. Perform experiments 5. Record and analysis data 6. State conclusion
II. Units of Measurements
• Factor/Label: ex’s
• Derived Units– Table 2-3 pp 36
• Density: = (m) / (v) units??g/ml
***table 2-4 pp 38**
• Volume: = (l) (w) (h) units??cm3
A. Heat and Temp
*Temp:
*Heat:
ex’s: pp 511-512
-Kelvin: Freeze: 273.15 Boil: 373.15 K = (C) + 273 0 K is absolute 0
- Celsius Freeze = 0 °C
• Boil = 100 °C
• ° C = (5/9) (F - 32)
- Fahrenheit:• Freeze = 32 °F
• Boil = 212 °F
• °F = (9/5) (°C) + 32
-Units of Heat
*Joule (J)
*Calorie (c): c = 4.184
- Heat Cap. and Spec. Heat
*HC:
pp 513 Fig. 17-1
- Spec. Heat= heat lost or gained (J or Cal)
mass(g) X ∆ in Temp (°C)
Cp = ______q______ (m) (∆ T)
Examples
1. Determine the specific heat of a material if a 35g sample absorbed 48 J as it was heated from 293 K to 313 K.
A: .069 J/(g*K)
Examples
2. How much heat is needed to raise the temperature of 5 g of gold by 25 C?
A: 16 J
Examples
3. If 980 kJ of energy are added to 6.2 L of water at 291 K, what will the final temperature of the water be?
A: 329 K
Elements Introduction
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DYW50F42ss8
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AGZ20OrmYBs
III. Scientific Measurements
*Accuracy:
*Precision:
ex’s: pp 44
*Percent Error = Valueacc - Valueexp
Valueacc
*Significant Figures:ex’s:
*Scientific Notation:1. Move dec. right until only 1 nonzero digit
remains2. Determ Expo by the # of spaces moved--
Left + Right -
IV. Solving Quantitative Problems
1. Write what you know and what you are trying to find
2. Set up F/L parentheses3. Get rid of unit4. Bigger unit = 15. Make a true statement in the
parentheses
6. Calculate
7. See if the answer is logical
8. Write units
-Proportional Relationships1. Directly: y/x = k or y = kx2. Inversely: xy = k or y = k/x
**ex’s and graphshttp://mathcentral.uregina.ca/QQ/