Chapter 2 - Lubrication (Added)

7/29/2019 Chapter 2 - Lubrication (Added)

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Lubrication System Types

SplashPressure Fed or Force

FeedCombination PressureFed and Splash

Gasoline Oil Premix


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Lubricating System Parts

Oil panOil pump

Pick-up screenPressure regulator Oil filter By-pass valveOil galleriesDipstickPressure indicator


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Oil Pan

Storage reservoir for motor oil.

Holds 3 to 6 quarts with4 as most average.Plug on bottom to drain.

Pick-up screen sucks oilup from oil pump.


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Oil PumpsGear typesRotor Gerotor type All oil pumps use a pick-up screen in the pan and a pressure regulator.


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Oil Filters

Micro-porous paper filters used to screen out

particles.Most filters of thecartridge type.


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Oil Filter Systems

Remove harmful materials


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Bypass SystemsPart of oil to filter > panPart to bearings


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Shunt Filter SystemsSome oil through filter > bearingsSome directly to bearings


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Full Flow Filter Systems All oil goes throughfilter


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Oil Level and Pressure Indicators

Dipstick the mostsimple

Some enginesequipped with anelectrical levelindicator.Oil pressure

indicator lampOil pressure gauge(electrical or mechanical)


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A.P.I. Ratings

SA Straight mineral oil no additives.SB 1930s motor oil with some detergent. SC 1950s oil more additives.

SD 1960s enter multi-viscosity oils.SE 1970s emission controls make heat is problem. SF 1980s improves fuel economy.

SG Late 1980s wider viscosity ranges. SH 1990s great stuff. SJ Late 1990sSL 200?s SM Current


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Selecting Motor Oil

Pick proper viscosity asrecommended by

manufacturer.Pick proper servicerating as recommendedby the manufacturer.


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Automatic Transmission Fluid

(ATF)Has red color to identifyit from motor oil.

Several kinds:Dexron/MerconType FA


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Gear Lube

Used in manualtransmissions and

differentials on rear drivecars.Heavy viscosity 90W.Looks like motor oil butsmells real bad!


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Chassis Grease

Conventional type of petroleum grease.

Grease steering andsuspension parts.


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Other Types of Grease

Lithium grease or whitelube.

Used on mis. parts.


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Other Lubricants

WD-40 is a light oil withgraphite.

Liquid wrench is apenetrating oil for dryand rusted bolts.


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Non Petroleum Lubricants

Silicone spray is for rubber and plastic parts.

Doesnt work well onmetal.Brake cleaner is like drycleaning fluid. Cleans off grease and evaporatesin seconds.


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Other Useful Fluids

Carburetor choke andthrottle body cleaner.

Contains toluene.Starting fluid. Containsether.


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Oil Changes

Oil Changefrequency:

Every 25 -30hours.


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Oil Contamination

Blow-by gases add rawgasoline and water to the oilcausing deterioration.Excessive heat can causethermal breakdown.Excessive cranking candilute oil with gasoline.Cooling gasket leaks will ruinoil causing sludge.


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Things That Make Oil Deteriorate

Faster Short distance driving.(which is most trips)

Extensive idling.Cold weather operation.Trailer towing.

Excessive heavy loadsDirty and dustyconditions.


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Proper Oil Disposal

Waste motor oil is acontrolled waste.

Be sure to properlydispose of.Oil filters too!


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Changing Oil

Find the drainplug andremove it.

Catch thewaste oil anddispose of itproperly.Dont forget toreinstall theplug.


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Drain Plugs

Be careful never to stripout drain plugs.

Extremely bad form.


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Changing the Filter

Remove the filter withan oil filter wrench.

Dispose of the filter properly.Install the new filter hand tight .


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Filter Problems

Always match the old to the new oil filter. The gasket andthread must be the same. If you make a mistake you canpump 5 quarts of oil on the floor in seconds!


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Chassis Lubrication & Fluid Checks

If the the vehicle isequipped with zerk

fittings, grease thoseparts using the power grease gun.Find and clean thefittings first, then injectthe grease. One kickfrom the gun is plenty.

Under the car make thefollowing checks:Gear lube in the differentialon rear drive cars.Check tire air pressure. Besure to find the proper inflation pressure.Check manual transmissionfluid if the car is a stick shift.


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Refilling Motor Oil

Find crankcasecapacity in one of the followingreferences:Owners manual?Service manual.

Repair manual.Computerizedspecification system.


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Under Hood Checks

Motor oil levelPower steering fluid

Coolant levelBrake fluid Automatic transmission

fluid. (The engine mustbe running)

Good technicians also dothese things:Check belt and hosecondition.Inspect the battery terminals.Lubricate hood and door hinges.Look for anything unusualunder the hood.


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Changing Transmission Fluid

Remove transmission oilpan. This is tricky so becareful you dont get an oil bath.Catch oil in motor oil drainpan with the tranny fluidbasin. Dispose of properly.

Change the filter, clean thepan, and reinstall the panwith a new gasket.


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Replacing Filter and Pan Gasket

Buy a filter kit whichgives you a new filter

and gasket.

Treat used tranny filters

as o o ld an oil filter.

Chapter 2 - Lubrication (Added)

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