CHAPTER 2- Fire Safety & Prevention System

7/21/2019 CHAPTER 2- Fire Safety & Prevention System

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CC608- CHAPTER 2

FIRE SAFETY &FIRE SAFETY &PREVENTION SYSTEMPREVENTION SYSTEM

By :



2.1 Know about fire safety and preventionsystem

2.1.1 Describe the sources of fire and the

spreading of the fire.

2.1.2 Explain fire prevention system in a building

2.1.3 Identify the types of the fire extinguisher

COURSE OUT!"E



3

THE FIRE TRIANGLE• Fire is the state of combustion resulting from a chemical

reaction that reuires the presence of three elements inproper combination !

" a fuel source #anything that burns$%

" oxygen #a component of air$% and

" an ignition source such as heat or a spar& ' in order to

begin and develop.

• (his is often referred to as a #$ire Trian%&e#.

2.1.1 SOURCE OF FIRE





5

i) FIRE IGNITION (Ny!" #i)• Ignition in most fires is a process of transition from theinput of heat to the stable propagation of thermal )avesupported by heat release from combustion.

• It occur only )hen there is initial heat input from anignition source and is then follo)ed by combustionreaction sufficient to establish a thermal )ave

• Ignition refers to the appearance of a flame in the volatilegas stream evolved from a solid exposed to externalignition sources such as a flame or an electrical spar&.




6

i) FIRE IGNITION*ome typical sources of ignition include!"

• Exterior and natural sources such as lightning% proximityto forest% bush or grass fires% exposure to ad+acent burning buildings or exterior trash containers% etc.,

• Electrical sources such as faulty or overloaded )iring%electrical panels% electrical euipment and appliances% and-/0 #heatingventilationair conditioning$ systems,

• roximity of combustible materials to a heat source such as

portable heaters,• pen flames such as candles and food )armers usedduring catered events,




7

i) FIRE IGNITION*ome typical sources of ignition include#04(5$!"

• 6Interpretive fires6 such as fireplaces% coo& stoves% candles% blac&smith shops% etc.,

• 0onstruction and renovation activities such as hot )or&

#i.e. )elding% paint removal% cutting% etc.$% the use ofcasting materials that produce heat% etc.,

• Improper use% storage% andor disposal of flammableliuids such as paint thinners,

• *mo&ing materials,• 7as lea&s, and

• /rson.






9

iii) O$I%IERS• xidi8ers! xygen or other substances capable ofreleasing oxygen to a fire

• 0ommon oxidi8ers include!

9 acids% especially nitric and perchloric acids

9 chlorine dioxide

9 thers such as potassium permanganate andpotassium chlorate




2.1.1 SPREA%ING OF FIRE

Fi' i #'* +y ,' ,/*

i. Conve'tion( )pero&a*an+

ii. Condu'tion( )pen%a&iran, *ondu*si+and

iii. Radiation )pan'aran, radiasi+.




Fi' i #'* +y ,' ,/*i. Conve'tion

• Fire and smo&e spread by convection is the most dangerousand causes the ma+or proportion of in+uries and deaths.

• :hen fire starts in an enclosed space such as a building% thesmo&e rising from the fire becomes trapped by the ceiling andthen spreads in all directions to form an ever"deepening layerover the entire room space.

• (he smo&e )ill pass through any holes or gaps in the )alls%ceiling and floor into other parts of the building.

• (he heat from the fire gets trapped in the building and thetemperature rises




Fi' i #'* +y ,' ,/*

ii. Condu'tion*ome materials% such as metal can absorb heat readily andtransmit it to other rooms by conduction% )here it can set fire

to combustible items that are in contact )ith the heatedmaterial.

iii. Radiation• ;adiation transfers heat in the air in the same )ay that an

electric bar heater heats a room.• /ny material close to a fire )ill absorb the heat until the item

starts to smoulder and then burn



13

2.1.1 E$AMPLE OF FIRE INCI%ENT

Figure 2:

The fire in this museum was

caused by a gas leak.

Of these sources, the risk of

fire from electrical, arson,

and construction or

renovation sources tend to

be the most common in

cultural institutions.



Fi' C/",'/!

2.1.2 FIRE PREVENTION SYSTEM

Fire Prevention Fire Protection

Education/

knowledge

Engineering

Penguatkuasaan

afety !ontrol

"aintenance

#ood $ouse

%ee&ing

Passive 'ctive istem bantuanmenentang

kebakaranEsca&e

(oute

)uilding

structure"engesan

"engawal

"emadam

'maran



Fi' P'",i/" Sy,


i. $!RE --R S/STE

ii. S0R!"KE S/STE

iii. SOKE ETECTOR

iv. CO"TRO ROO

v. $!RE E3T!"4U!S5ER



Fi' Sy,• (he fire systems in a building are many.

• (here are euipment and systems for monitoring%communication% fighting fire% indication% raising alarm% divertingsmo&e and many others.

• 7enerally they can be classified into t)o categories! -+ $ire 0rote'tion System

B+ $ire $i%6tin% System

• Fire systems fall under the fire codes for buildings.

• /s fire codes may vary in different countries% no attempt is madeto specify the fire codes.

• *ometimes% there is an overlap of functions " the systems maycontain elements of both fire protection and fire fighting.


17



17

2.1.2 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

• $ire prote'tion systems are used to alert people that

a small fire or some overheating has occurred% and thatthere is a danger of fire happening soon.

• /ctive fire protection refers to installing euipment%systems% and devices that reuire po)er to function such

as fire detection% fire alarm% and fire suppressionsystems.

• :hile the cost of professionally designed% installed%maintained% and monitored fire protection may seemlarge% the cost of not installing them could be evengreater.

18



18


• For small to mid"si8e institutions% conventional systems

that are simple% reliable% and economical to install andmaintain% )ill suffice.

• <arger institutions )ith more complex reuirements )ill reuire more complex systems.

• <arger institutions may have in"house staff )ho monitortheir systems% and may also have a bac&up po)er supplyin the event of po)er loss.

• nce installed% systems need to be inspected% tested% andmaintained by a competent person and in accordance )ith applicable codes.

19



19


• Smo*e dete'tors7 and 6eat dete'tors are used to

detect such incidents before a big fire occurred.

• ersons detecting a fire need to sound the alarm to getmore assistance.

• (he brea& glass is the easiest )ay to sound the alarm.• /ll the fire alarm panels% sub"control panels% bells%

brea&"glass% smo&e detector% heat detectors can begrouped into this area.



i) Fi' A!' Sy,• (he fire alarm system is used to generate alarms )henever there is any

occurrence of fire.• /ll the alarm signals can be lin&ed to a central location )here humans can carry

out activities to handle the fire.• (here are many designs.

• (he main functions of all these Fire 0ontrol designs are to Indicate fault signalstriggered by!9 *prin&ler flo) s)itches9 =rea& glasses9 *mo&e detectors9 -eat detectors

9 Fire pump operation9 /ir conditioning /-> operation9 *mo&e spill and ventilation fan operation9 02 system operation


http://www.flickr.com/photos/superlocal/216434095/




Fi' A!' Sy,



Fi' A!' Sy,• Indicate the location or 8one of the signal• rovide intercom communication from it to each floor• rovide public address announcements• /c&no)ledgement of alarm signals• rovide a printout of the alarm signal

• rovide direct alarm signal lin& to the local Fire =rigade• rovide direct telephone communication )ith the local Fire

=rigade - typi'a& ain $ire -&arm system for a 6i%6 rise

'ommer'ia& 'enter is desi%ned as des'ribed be&ow:

• / fire control room fitted )ith a 0entral rocessing >nit # 0> $and a mimic panel.• (he panel uses <ED to display the location and state of sensors• *ixteen #1?$ ;emote anel rocessing >nits # ;> $% mainly

located at the staircases.• (hey collect signals from sensors and also dispatch signals to

actuators.




Fi' A!' Sy,• (he 0> collects incoming signals from all the ;> and

dispatches outgoing signals to actuators through the ;>• /ll the signals are 2@ olts D.0.• (he main alarm system is normally operating on /0 supply.• In case of po)er supply failure% stand"by batteries are provided

for a A2 hours operation• (he input signals coming from the sensors are the =rea&glass%

Flo) s)itches% *mo&e detectors.• (he latter are located at the staircases and in the /-> rooms.• (hese signals are collected in the ;> before being sent to the

0> to indicate a normal status% a line fault% or an alarm.• (he output signals are sent to the actuators.• (hese can be contactors or motors to stop /->% lifts% activate

roller shutters% alarm bells% pressuri8ation fans% smo&e spill fans%and fire dampers.

• (hese signals are controlled by the 0> before being dispatched

through ;> to the correct location




A,i,i/" /3 3i' !' • :hen the fire alarm panel is activated by either brea&glass% smo&e

detector or sprin&ler flo) s)itch% the follo)ing )ill occur immediately!i. (he printer )ill print out the exact location and time the event occurred%ii. / <ED )ill blin& on the mimic panel indicating both the floor concerned

and the &ind of the sensor responsible for the alarm activation.iii.(he fire control room bu88er )ill start.iv.(he 0> )ill send signals to!

9 *top the /-> on the floor the alarm occur9 *tart all the smo&e spill fans and open the motori8ed fire dampers on

the concerned floor and close those on the other floors9 *tart the ressuri8ation fans for all the lift lobbies and regulate the

pressure in the lift lobbies of the concerned floor using the lift lobbydifferential pressure device and the associated motori8ed fire damper.

9 *tart the alarm bell continuously for the concerned floor andintermittently for the floor above and belo).

9 0lose the roller shutters of the concerned floor after three minutestime.

9 Indicate the signals sent on the fire alarm display panel )ith <ED






A4"/5!*", /3 , !'

• / person on duty should then ac&no)ledge the alarm by pressinga push button at the fire control room.

• (he bu88er )ill then stop but the alarm )ill still be active.

• /ction needs to be ta&en to determine )hether the fire is real ornot.

• For a false alarm% the choice )ill be to isolate the sensor alarm inorder to stop all signals and interrupt the fire seuence.

• If it is a real fire% the signal )ill come again after B minutes.

• / general alarm sounds automatically.

• (he 0> )ill send signals to start the alarm bells continuouslyfor all the floors of the building.

• (he general alarm can also be manually activated through the Manual Evacuate s)itch.




Fi' I",'/ Sy,• (he fire intercom system is used for communications from severallocations to the fire control room.• It can be used by the public as )ell as firemen to give valuable

information on the state of a fire.• / typical fire intercom net)or& serves all the staircases from the

basement right up to highest floors of a building% the lift motor rooms.

Be&ow is some information on 6ow it wor*s:• /s soon as somebody pic&s up the handset in any staircase% the bu88er

located at the fire alarm control room )ill ring.• / <ED )ill light up to specify the location of the calling party.•

nce the operator at the fire alarm control pic&s up the phone%communication can start.• From the fire alarm control room% calls can also be directed to a specific

location in the building using the location address number.• (he handset at the staircase )ill then ring.• /s soon as a person pic&s up the phone% communication can start.





Fi' I",'/ Sy,

2 2 O S S



Fi' Fi,i" Sy,• (he fire fighting system )ill be used w6en a bi% fire 6as a&ready

started.• (here is a need to extinguish it.• *prin&ler systems% and hose reel systems are some of the systems used

for fire fighting.• :et risers are pipes )hich distribute large volumes of )ater to canvas

hoses.• T6e fire fi%6tin% systems contain )pumps7 tan*s7 and t6eir

own distribution pipin%+.• Cotors or diesel engines drive the pumps.• -ose reels and canvas hoses are terminated )ith no88les for spray or

+et.

• *prin&ler systems have special glass bulbs and sprin&ler rose.• Flo) s)itches are installed to cause bells to ring )hen the sprin&ler

systems are activated.• (he systems can also contain gongs activated by )ater flo).• /utomatic 02 flooding system )ill discharge 02 gas into electrical

rooms to stop any fire.


2 1 2 FIRE PREVENTION SYSTEM



Fi' Fi,i" Sy,• Portable fire extinguishers are installed at strategic locations so that

they can be used to put out small fires.

• Fire intercom systems are used by fire fighters to communicate )ith firecontrol room personnel.

• Fire escape doors are indicated )ith Exit signs% and emergency lights areinstalled to give a bit of light if the main electrical supply has been cut off.

• Firemen )ho have to fight fires )ill face the danger of electrocution if theyuse hoses and )ater.

• (he fireman s)itch can be s)itched off to avoid this problem.

• *mo&e spill fans and exhaust fans are sometimes installed for controllingsmo&e in a burning building.





• (he wet riser system described belo) is a typi'a& insta&&ation in a 6i%68rise bui&din%.

• It is used to supp&y water from t6e wet riser water tan*7 t6rou%6 wet riserpipes7 distributed to ea'6 f&oor7 and endin% at t6e 'anvas 6oses and6ose ree&s.

• (he pipes supplying )ater to the hoses are pressuri8ed all the time.

• (hree pumps supply the )ater from the tan& to the hoses.

• (he pumps are the duty pump% the stand-by pump% and the jockey pump.

• ressure s)itches along the pipe control the starting of each pump.

• (he )et riser canvas hoses are located at each lift lobby.

• Each canvas hose has a diameter of ?B mm and a length of 3 m.

• :hen the hoses are in use% the pressure at each floor is controlled by landing valvesthat return excess pressuri8ed )ater bac& to the )et riser tan& through drain pipes.

2.1.2 FIRE PREVENTION SYSTEM7, Ri' Sy,




• (he hose reels are also located at each lift lobby.

• ressure reducers are installed at the end of each )et riser pipe to supply a lo)erpressured )ater to hose reels.

• :hen the valves of the hoses are opened% pressuri8ed )ater )ill shoot out throughthe no88les of the hoses.

• (he pressure in the piping )ill drop.

• (he pressure s)itches at the pump room )ill sense the drop in pressure and thepumps )ill start to pressuri8e the pipe again.

• / typical system for a high"rise building is described belo).

• (he pressures are monitored at the pump room to control the pumps.

7, Ri' Sy,





a+ 9o'*ey 0ump • (he first pump to start )ill be the +oc&ey pump.

• (he controlling pressure s)itch is set to start the pump at a pressure of 1Bpsi and stop it )hen the pressure reaches 23 psi.

• If a small lea& exist in the )et riser piping " either on the )et riser or hosereel " the pump )ill start in order to compensate for the lea&.

b+ uty 0ump • If the pressure drops belo) 12B psi% this means a )et riser landing valve or a

hose reel gate valve has been opened.

• (he pressure s)itch that senses this set pressure activates and starts theduty pump.

7, Ri' Sy,





'+ Stand8by 0ump • If for any reason the pressure continues to drop belo) 12B psi% it means either

the duty pump has not started or is not available #under repair...etc.$.

• (he stand"by pump then ta&es over the function that is not performed by theduty pump.

• (he stand"by pump is set to cut"in at B psi.

• nce the )ater flo) is not needed any more the pressure builds up in thepiping net)or&.

• (he duty or stand"by pumps stops after the cutout pressure is reached at 22psi.

• (he +oc&ey pump continues to run until the system pressure reaches its cutoutpressure of 23 psi.

• For a lo) building% the system )ill be less complicated.

• -o)ever% the purpose of supplying )ater to the fire fighting hoses ismaintained.

7, Ri' Sy,


2 1 2 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM



ii)S#'i"4!' Sy,• (he sprin*&er system is desi%ned to etin%uis6 a fire wit6out 6uman

a'tivity .• It is especially useful in unattended buildings.

• (he 6eart of sprin*&er system is t6e sprin*&er 6ead.

• :hen there is a fire underneath a sprin&ler head% the heat from the fire )ill cause theglass bulb in the sprin&ler head to burst.

• (he glass bulb acts li&e a plug for the pressuri8ed )ater in the piping system.

• nce the glass bulb brea&s% the )ater shoots out from the sprin&ler.

• (he sprin&ler rose is designed to spread out the )ater falling over the fire.

• /s in the )et riser system% the pipes distributing the )ater is constantly under pressure.

• / different set of pumps is used to maintain the pressure in the system.

• (he sprin&ler pumps are called duty% stand"by% and +oc&ey pumps.

• (heir function is exactly the same as for )et riser pumps.

• (he only difference is in the system they serve.





ii)S#'i"4!' Sy, (/",..)•

*ince the sprin&ler system serve unattended areas% it is important that humans can bealerted )henever they are activated.

• For this purpose% flo) s)itches are installed at each sprin&ler 8one.

• :henever a sprin&ler is activated% )ater flo)s out from the pipes to the sprin&ler head.

• (he flo) of the )ater through a 8one pipe activates a flo) s)itch.

• (he electrical signal from the flo) s)itch activates an alarm at the Cain Fire /larmpanel.

• Each 8one is provided )ith an isolation valve% a flo) s)itch% and a test drain valve.

• Depending on the si8e of the building% there may be several )ater riser pipes supplyingto all the floors of a building.

• ressure gauges% chec& valves% and alarm gongs are installed in each riser.• (he alarm gong is actuated by the flo) of )ater through the chec& valve and not by

electrical signal of the individual sprin&ler 8ones.





S#'i"4!' Sy, / typical sprin&ler pump installation has the follo)ing!

a+ Sprin*&er 9o'*ey 0ump • If a lea& exist in the sprin&ler net)or&% the +oc&ey pump starts in order to

compensate for the lea&.• / pressure s)itch starts the pump at 1 psi% and stops it at 13B psi.

b+ Sprin*&er uty 0ump • If the pressure drops belo) AB psi% it means a sprin&ler head have been activated% in

the building.

• (he duty pump )ill start.'+ Sprin*&er Stand8by 0ump • If for any reason the pressure continues to drop to B psi% it means either the duty

pump has not started or is not available #under repair...etc.$. (he stand"by pump )ill then start.

d+ Stoppin% of uty or Stand8by pump • nce any sprin&ler comes into operation " by bursting of the liuid filled bulbs " the

duty or stand"by pump )ill not stop automatically.• (here is no cutout pressure for these pumps.• (hey have to be s)itched off manually.• :hen the running pump has been manually stopped% the +oc&ey pump )ill continue

to build up the pressure in the system until it reaches its cutout pressure of 13B psi.





2.1.2 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS#'i"4!' Sy,




Fi' 'i* Sy,

• :hen a big fire has occurred in a building% the fire brigade has to be calledin.

• It is important that the road is clear for the fire engines to come in.

• (herefore it is very important for the o)ner of the building to ensure that the

gates% road% and fire brigade devices are not bloc&ed.• It is also important that these devices are maintained in good order.

• *ome of the fire brigade devices are discussed belo)!

$our8;ay Brea'6in% !n&ets• / typical high"rise building )ill have one four")ay breaching inlet for

sprin&ler tan&% and one for the )et riser tan&.• (hey are normally installed near the ground floor or lo)er ground floor%

)here it is easy for the fire engines to come in.• (hese devices allo) the fire brigade to pump )ater into the tan&s in case

they have been emptied during fire fighting operations.





Fi' 'i* Sy, Street 5ydrants• *treet pillars hydrants are provided as an external source of )ater besides the fire fighting tan&s

located in the building.

• (he fire brigade can connect to these pillar hydrants to get additional pressuri8ed )ater forfighting the building fire.

$ireman Swit'6

• (here are a fe) types of fireman s)itches.

• (hey help to prevent accidents caused by electrical lea&age during a fire in a building.

• :hen the firefighters use )ater hoses to shoot or spray on the fire% it is rather dangerous forthem )hen the electrical supply is still live.

• (here is a ris& of electrocution.

• :ater can conduct electricity.

• isibility is very poor during those times% and the building structures containing electrical )iring may have collapsed.





C'+/" %i/9i* F!//*i" Sy,

• 0arbon dioxide is an inert gas used for putting out fire.• It does this by displacing the oxygen that is necessary for combustion.

• =ecause it is a gas% care must be ta&en to ensure that fresh air is not allo)ed tointerfere during the process of putting out a fire.

• 0arbon dioxide is particularly useful )hen dealing )ith electrical fires.

• 0arbon dioxide flooding system is used for s)itch rooms containing high voltages.

• If there is a fire in these rooms% it is rather dangerous for the firefighters tohandle.

• (he rooms )ill contain live and high voltage electrical supplies.• (he transformers may contain oil that can burn or explode.

• (he only sensible thing to do )hen fighting this type of fire is to close off all theair and displace it )ith carbon dioxide.

• :ith no oxygen available% the fire )ill eventually die off





Carbon ioide 0ane&s• (hese systems are installed for any room )ith important electrical or highly

inflammable euipment.

• (hey are po)ered by /0 mains supply.

• *tand"by batteries provide A2 hours of operation in case of po)er interruption.

• Each system consists of a control panel connected to one or several heat detectors%smo&e detectors% 02 cylinders% actuator devices and indicating lights.

• (hese panels are located near to the rooms to be protected.

• =oth heat and smo&e detectors are installed for such a flooding system.

• (hey have to be activated together before the 02 )ill discharge.

• (his is to prevent false signals activating the discharging mechanisms.

• (he status of any 02 panel can be monitored at the Cain Fire 0ontrol room.

• (here are t)o different modes to activate the alarm of the 02 panels andsubseuent discharge of 02 from the cylinders into the room on fire!





-utomati' mode • /ctivation of the alarms starts )hen both the heat and smo&e detectors " paired up into 2

8ones " have been activated by fire occurring in the protected room.

• :hen one detector senses the fire% the alarm bell of the system rings intermittently.

• nce both types of sensors are activated% the alarm bell becomes continuous.

• /fter 2 to 3 seconds a signal is sent to the cylinders plunger"actuating device.

• (he 02 is discharged into the room.

anua& mode • /ctivation is made )ith the brea&glass &ey s)itch.

• =y turning the &ey s)itch% the alarm bell rings% and the 02 is discharged immediately.

• In rooms that contain ventilation louvers% it is important to seal them off )hen discharging02 gas.

• In these cases% the signal for discharging the gas also activates a fire curtain in the room.





• (he curtain above the louver drops do)n and covers up all of them.

• *ometimes the signals may be activated accidentally.

• /ll the rooms that are so protected have red and green indication lamps installed above their doors.

• / room that is filled )ith 02 does not support combustion.

• /nyone )ho goes into such a gas"filled room can become unconscious due to lac& of oxygen.

• :henever gas is discharged% the red lamp above the door )ill be lighted. ersons must enter only )hen the green light is on.


E ample of Carbon Dio ide S stem



Example of Carbon Dioxide System

2 1 : FIRE E$TINGUSHER



2.1.: FIRE E$TINGUSHER

• Portable fire extinguishers are generally required by code.• In the hands of trained individuals, they can be an effective tool in

extinguishing small, contained fires.

• It is important to select the correct type of extinguisher for the type of

fire.

• If the wrong type of extinguisher is used, it could be ineffective, or even

dangerous, in combating a fire.

• As an example, a water-based extinguisher used on a live electrical fire

could result in a serious electrical shock to the person attempting to

extinguish the fire.• If used on a flammable liquid or grease fire, the water could cause the fire

to spread.

• he type of extinguisher chosen for a certain area should be based on the

expected type of fire for that area.

ii)P/',+! 3i' 9,i";i'




2.1.: FIRE E$TINGUSHER • Fire e*tinguishers are divided into five categories, based on different ty&e of

fire.

• !lass of fire that according to the standard of MS 1182 Classification of Fire is+

C! A!ire that result from in

ordinary combustible

such as wood,

paper, fabric and otherordinary materials.

C! !or fire involving

flammable liquids such

as petrol, oil, diesel,

paint and etc

C! C#uitable for use on fire

caused by flammable

gases such as butane,$ethane and etc

C! %%esigned for use on

flammable metals and

are often specific for the

type of metal inquestion. e.g. sodium,

titanium, magnesium

& potassium

C! E#uitable for use on

electrically energi'edfires. (ombustion ofcircuit breaker, wires,outlets, and otherelectrical equipment




here are several types of fire extinguishers in use are) -

i. ype of the water,

ii. ype of producing foam *!oam+,iii. ype of %ry dust *%ry Powder+

iv. ype of producing gas liquid that produces gas *(arbon %ioxide+


KELAS API E!IS KE"AKA#A! "A$A!%"A$A! APA &A!' DI'(!AKA!

KELAS A Pe&eal i. %ayuii. %ain

iii. %ertas-ll

i. enis air ii. -ebu %ering

iii. )uih

KELAS " !ecair i. "inyakii. arnishiii. !at dll

i. Foamii. -ebu %eringiii. !arbon -io*ideiv. 'ir secara semburan

KELAS C Elektrik#as 0 1a& emua enis elektriki. )utanaii. Pro&aneiii. 2P#iv. 'vatalane dll

i. -ebu %eringii. Foamiii. !arbon -io*ideiv. 'ir secara semburan

KELAS D 2ogam i. Potassiumii. odiumiii. !alsiumiv. "agnesium dll

i. -ebu %eringii. oda 'shiii. -ebu #ra&hite




2.1.: FIRE E$TINGUSHER • T 3/;' i" ! /3 3i' "* 9,i";i' ;* i" +;i!*i" '

) C! A < //" /+;,i+!

+) C! < 3!+! !i=;i*) C! C < "'i>* !,'i!*) C! % < /+;,i+! ,! ; "i; "* /*i;

• $any institutions have standardi'ed their extinguishers to facilitate use and

training.

• C!-AC, multi-purpose extinguishers are now often used throughout abuilding on the advice of the fire department, thereby eliminating the risk

of someone using an inappropriate agent.




COLOUR CO%ING OF ME%IUM





(/0 (%I12 ! $3%I/$





COLOUR CO%ING OF ME%IUM


COURSE OUT!"E



2.2 Understand t6e Ru&es of $ire 0revention

2.2.1 Describe the rules of the fire preventiondetermined by the Calaysian Fire

Department and =uilding =y <a)

2.2.2 utline the Fire revention rocedures

COURSE OUT!"E



FIRE SAFETY GENERAL

RE?UIREMENTS

Rules of Fire



ES!4" RE<U!REE"TS:

Codes and Standard

>==< 0louse 22B 22A

;eferring to >niform =uilding =y <a) 1G@ #>==<$ allamendments up to February 11 in /;( III % Fire alarm%Fire Detection% Fire Extinguishment and Fire Fighting /ccess.

Rules of Fire

Prevention

Rules of Fire



22B.#1$Every building shall be provided )ith means of

detecting and extinguishing fire and )ith fire alarm together )ith illuminated exit signs in accordance )ith thereuirements as specified in the (enth *chedule to these =y"la)s.

22A.ortable Extinguisher shall be provided in accordance )ith the relevant codes of practice and shall be sited inprominent positions on exit routes to be visible from all

directions and similar extinguisher in a building shall be ofthe same method of operation.

Rules of Fire

Prevention

COURSE OUT!"E



2.= earn on t6e $ire -pp&ian'es Symbo&s

2.3.1 Dra) the fire appliances symbols inescape route for a building.

2.3.2 Indicate Fire appliances symbols in a building plan.

COURSE OUT!"E

2.:.1 FIRE APPLIANCES SYMOLS IN



2.:.1 FIRE APPLIANCES SYMOLS INESCAPE ROUTE

4est practice International #tandard I# 5676 graphical symbols for escape route and

I# 78689 safety way guidance convention ensure that an evacuee is progressed usinga known convention through the escape route to place of relative safety.












2.:.2 FIRE APPLIANCES SYMOLS INA UIL%ING PLAN








2.:.2 FIRE APPLIANCES SYMOLS INA UIL%ING PLAN

Halan &eluar &eselamatan terbahagi &epada 3 pering&at!i+9a&an Ke&uar endatar" Iaitu stru&tur yang terdapat pada bangunan yang melibat&an

bahagian seperti protected lobby dan protected corridor.

ii+ 9a&an Ke&uar ene%a* " Iaitu +alan elemen stru&tur bagi memboleh&an penghuni

melari&an atau menyelamat&an diri &eluar dari ting&at atas &eting&at ba)ah terus &e tempat selamat. 0ontohnya! tangga&eselamatan.

iii+ 9a&an Ke&uar Tera*6ir" Iaitu tempat &eluar bagi +alan terus &eluar daripada sesuatu

bangunan yang mengada&an a&ses terus &e +alan laluan atautangga terbu&a yang terleta& dan boleh memindah&an orangdari &a)asan berde&atan sesuatu bangunan supaya mere&a

selamat daripada &eba&aran atau asap.

SAFETY OF ESCAPE ROUTE

COURSE OUT!"E



2.> Understand of &osses 'aused by fire

[email protected] Describe several losses cause by fire.

[email protected] Identify the fire preventive measurement by the society

[email protected] ;ecogni8ed the a)areness of fire safety to

the community

COURSE OUT!"E

[email protected] LOSSES CAUSE% Y FIRE




• here are several losses caused by fire )

a+ oss of life *%eath+.

b+ oss of property.

c+ oss of dollar.

d+ In:ury







ASSIGNMENT-CC608



ASSIGNMENT-CC608

8<uestion"

C6oose one 'ases of fire in'ident t6at o''ur in'ommer'ia& bui&din% in a&aysia t6en ana&y?e w6at

t6e &osses 'aused by fire and 6ow t6e fire preventionoperate in t6at bui&din%@

1. Identify the fire preventive measurement by the society.

2.;ecogni8ed the a)areness of fire safety to the community.

A -ssi%nment maimum pa%es )e'&uded 'over Referen'es+. A Submission ate&ine 1D $ebruary 21=

CHAPTER 2- Fire Safety & Prevention System

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