Chapter 2, continued • Colonialism: Capitalism on a World Scale – The exploitation of foreign resources by European industrializing nations – Simultaneous economic, political, and cultural impacts rife with conflicts with native groups – The unevenness of colonialism (Figure 2.22) • Transition of colonies to nations – different timing for the Americas vs. Asia & Africa
Chapter 2, continued. Colonialism: Capitalism on a World Scale The exploitation of foreign resources by European industrializing nations Simultaneous economic, political, and cultural impacts rife with conflicts with native groups The unevenness of colonialism (Figure 2.22) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Transcript
Chapter 2, continued
• Colonialism: Capitalism on a World Scale– The exploitation of foreign resources by
European industrializing nations– Simultaneous economic, political, and cultural
impacts rife with conflicts with native groups– The unevenness of colonialism (Figure 2.22)
• Transition of colonies to nations – different timing for the Americas vs. Asia & Africa
British &French -dominatedexploitationof Africa,Asia, and theMiddle East
Post WW-II Collapse
Colonial Empires in 1914
Colonial Powers in S.E. Asia
Bases of Colonial Power• Technological and military advantages
coincident with the industrial revolution• Jared Diamond’s arguments re: geographical
accidents, such as the impact of diseases on local populations, and the timing of technological achievements
• Political strengths due to the Western legal and economic system & property rights
• The Historiography of Conquest: note the cases are historically and geographically specific
The Effects of Colonialism
• Annihilation of Indigenous Peoples• Restructuring around primary economic
sectors• Formation of dual societies• Polarized geographies (transport networks
often reshaping seats of power)• Transplantation of the nation-state• Cultural Westernization
European Influences in North America ca. 1800
Slave Tradeto theAmericas
The End of Colonialism
• Early end in Latin America• Post World War I and II for much of the
rest of the planet• Different trajectories to independence• But, even with independent, many regions
in the global South remain dependent upon the global North for commodity markets, captured in the core-periphery model
Core-Periphery: Shifting Scales
Global: Nation State Level: Developed-Developing
Urban Perspective: Global Cities (New York, London, Tokyo) - peripheral cities - e.g. Seattle
National: The Industrial NE Vs. the agriculture & resource dependent South and West Regional: Seattle & Portland as central-place core cities, rural peripheriesLocal: Seattle CBD Vs. lower order urban centers
The classic core-periphery model: Myrdal & Friedmann
Center Periphery
ScarceLabor
AbundantCapital
AbundantLabor
ScarceCapital
Supply of materials and products
Demands from center for goods/servicesyields payments to periphery
Shortage of labor in center createsstimulus for labor migration from periphery
Supply of labor from periphery will create laborshortage in periphery and raise wages and incomes
AdequateCapital
AdequateLabor
Capital flows to periphery
Rail Lines from nationalexport platformsto peripherallocations
Core-periphery Model: Spread Effects
Demands by Center for goods & services; labor movements; capital flows to meet investment needs: ? “Trickle-Down” leading to equilibrium?BUT:(1) Distance attenuating effects - related to transportation & communications(2) Hierarchical impacts with stronger access to resources in higher order places
1. Goods/Service purchase in periphery (a) inelastic demand for peripheral goods (historically owned by core industrialists) (b) Offset by peripheral demand for goods and services produced in the core2. Migration: historically selective3. Capital: net flows often favor the coreResult: Convergence, Divergence, Persistent Imbalance