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Chapter 2: Chemistry of Life
1. Organic chemistry is the study of all compounds that contain bonds
between carbon atoms.
2. Carbon atoms are so special because:
• They have four valence electrons allowing them to join with an electron from another atom to form a strong covalent bond.
• They can bond with many different elements.
• They can bond to other carbon atoms forming chains or rings.
• They have the ability to form millions of different large and complex structures.
3. Macromolecules
are molecules that are made
from thousands or even hundreds of
thousands of smaller
molecules.
4. The four groups of organic compounds found in living things are:
• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Nucleic acids
• Proteins
5. Living things use carbohydrates as their main source of energy. Plants
and some animals also use carbohydrates for structural
purposes.
6. The breakdown of sugars supplies immediate energy for all cell
activities.
7. Living things store extra sugar as complex carbohydrates known as
starches.
8. Single sugar molecules are called monosaccharides. (simple sugars)
9. Three examples of monosaccharides include:
• Glucose
• Galactose
• Fructose
10. Large molecules made from monosaccharides are called
polysaccharides.
11. Three examples of a polysaccharide include:
12.
13. No. Lipids are not soluble
in water.
14. The three categories of lipids include:
• Fats
• Oils
• Waxes
15. Lipids can be used to:• Store energy.
• To form biological membranes and waterproof coverings.
16. Many lipids are formed when a glycerol molecule combines with compounds called fatty acids.
17.
18. Phosphorous is an element unique to nucleic acids.