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CHAPTER 2
CELL STRUCTURE & CELLORGANISATION
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All living things are made up of basic units called cells.
Cells vary in shape, sizes and content depending on their function.
A light microscope is usually used to help us observe microscopiccells.
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The living component of a cell is called protoplasm.
Protoplasm = cytoplasm + nucleus
Protoplasm surrounded by plasma membrane.
Plant cells have an outer boundary called the cell wall.
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Animal cell
Plant cell
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Cell Parts and Structures
With electron microscopes, scientists are able to seethe cellular components of a cell in greater detail.
The cytoplasm contains structures called organelles.
Organelles perform specific function which enable the
cell to function as a unit of life.
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ANIMAL CELL
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Controls cellular
activities.
Nucleus membranecontrols inflow and
outflow of material
to and from nucleus
Nucleolus acts as
site of ribosome
construction.
Chromosome
carries hereditary
information.
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Acts as a medium
where biochemical
reactions and mostliving processes
occur within the
cell.
Provides the
organelles with
substances
obtained fromexternal
environment.
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Separates the
content of the cell
from its external
environment.
Regulates the
movement of
substances enteringand leaving the cell.
Allows the exchange
of nutrients,respiratory gases and
wastes products
between the cell and
its environment.
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Chlorophyllcaptures theenergy of sunlightand converts lightenergy into
chemical energyduringphotosynthesis.
The green pigmentof chlorophyllgivesplants their colour.
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Storeschemicals such
as organicacids, sugar,amino acids,
mineral salts,oxygen, carbondioxide and soon.
Regulates waterbalance in
plant cells.
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Maintains the shape of plant cells.
Provides mechanical strength and support
to plant cells.
Protects plants cells fromrupturing due to
the movement of excess water into the
cells.
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Forms a network
of transportation
within the cell.
Rough endoplasmicreticulum
(has ribosomes attached
to its surface)
Transports protein
which is
synthesized in
ribosomes.Smooth endoplasmicreticulum
(does not have ribosomeattach to its surface)
Transports and
synthesized fat and
glycerol
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Site of proteins synthesis.
They are either bound to theendoplasmic reticulum or lie freein the cytoplasm.
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The sites of cellular
respiration. Principle site of
energy production.
Energy generatedor released in the
form of ATP
(adenosine
triphosphate).
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Both has nucleus, cytoplasm,
mitochondrion, ribosome, cell
membrane, rough endoplasmicreticulum, smooth endoplasmicrecticulum and Golgi apparatus
Similarities
Animal Cell Plant Cell
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The Density ofOrganelles in
Specific Cells
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Require energy to propel through the uterus
towards the Fallopian tubes, so that
fertilisation can take place.
Sperm cells
High density of ______
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Mesophyll palisade cells
Absorb sunlight during photosynthesis
High density of ______