-
a Mary goes to a flea market. h b j ? t \
1 % 7 l ] - : Mearii
TA3*tt, r h i a L \ ( h - r ~ h ~ , Sumimasen. Kore wa ikura
desu ka.
2 : qjfita LL~FALLT~- , Mise no hito Sore wa sanzen en desu. #I
A 'I r b
3 % ~ j - : f ~ i t r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , c :'.(. bj, ha z u ~ \ t a L
\ { c; ~ j - - h > , Mearii Takai desu ne. Jaa, ano tokee wa
ikura desu ka.
4 A*a)'CTZ :': &&l2 3Ae t tL * th < ;2hTT, Mise no
hito Are wa sanzengohyaku en desu. &3 A '1 1 ,
5 %7")-: k 3 TTh., &$LS f < h . ~ \ T $ & , Mearii
Soo desu ka. Are rno takai desu ne.
6 a*GT)p?f : * ~ ~ & T ~ ~ P 2 h T T k o Mise no hito Kore
wa senhappyaku en desu yo. * & ' I t >
7 % 7 l ] - : EP&, + c 3 Z I j t \ 2 ( t : 3 b ~ ~ Mearii
Jaa, sono tokee o kudasai.
A man finds
8 Lh2L't.W Shiranai hito & & ' l i h
9 % T i ) - : Mearii
wallet on t h e ground.
r b t d -f:ihcr, 3c\,iaTT Kore wa dare no saifu desu ka.
b?zLG3 $ ~ \ ~ i a T - j - ~ Watashi no saifu dew.
a&> !I h" 3 Z 2 " ~ * ~ \ & -j-, Arigatoo gozai
masu.
@ After shopping, Mary goes to a restaurant. i L L Z f z - ? 8 1
1 ~ ~ 3
I 5 ' ~ - b k X : ~ \ ( , q L + L \ ~ - @ ~ % = Z L - ~ Z"-j Fo
Ueetoresu I rasshaimase. Menyuu o doozo.
-
2 3
4
5
6
7
8
-
W o r d s T h a t * r#t * .ih * a%jh * Y h
Z a * %!a *
z-0 * ibf t
Y r * 7't'r$z F o o d * ~ . L \ L L \
P o i n t ko re
sore
are
dore kono sono
a no
dono aso ko doko
dare
oishii sakana
tonkatsu niku
menyuu yasai
enpitsu kasa
kaban kutsu saif u jiinzu jisho jitensha shinbun teepu tokee
toreenaa
this one that one that one (over there) which one this . . .
that . . . that . . . (over these) which . . . over there where
who
delicious fish pork cutlet meat menu
vegetable
pencil. umbrella bag shoes wallet jeans dictionary bicycle
newspaper
tape watch; clack sweat shirt
* Words that appear in the dialogue C
-
nooto
Pen booshi
hon
notebook pen hat; cap book
P l a c e s otearai kissaten gin koo toshokan yuubinkyoku
restroom cafe bank library post office
C o u n f r i e s Ameri ka Igirisu Kankoku Chuugoku
U.S.A. Britain Korea China
keezai economics konpyuutaa computer bijinesu business rekishi
history
okaasan mother father otoosan
M o n e y M a f t e r s * L\( 1; i kura how much
. . . yen
expensive . . . en
takai
E x p r e s s i o n s * L \ & - L + L \ ~ * irasshaimase
Welcome (to our store) * (- & ) -j- ( . . . 0) onegaishimasu. .
. , please. * ( -2 ) < f
-
What do we do when we want to talk about things that we do not
know the names of? We say "this thing," "that one," and so forth-
In Japanese, we use kwe, sore, and are.
t &la L X ( b-c$-hS, Kore wa ikura desu ka.
5Aeh2&T$, Sore w a sanzen en desu.
Haw much is this?
T h t ~ 3,000 yen.
Kore refers to a thing that is close to you, the speaker ("this
thing here"). Sore is something that is close to the person you are
talking to ("that thing in front of you"), and are refers to a
thing that is neither close to the speaker nor the listener ("that
one over there").
-: x. &+Ltd kJ7L;LQl +=/TTD Are wa watashi no pen desu.
* A ZjklA b k t a ~ 7 T j - , Kore wa watashi no pen dew.
+h12 b t z L@ K ~ T T , Sore wa watashi no pen desu.
There is also an expression dore for "which." Here we wiIl learn
to use dore in sentences like:
rs"ktT-j-&~, Dore desu ka.
Which one is it (that you are talking about)?
-
In this lesson, we will not explore the full extent to which the
word dore can be put to use, because there is a slight complication
with question words like dore, Question words like dwe and mni
cannot be followed by the particle wa. Instead, you must use the
particle ga and say:
-i L Z*&hz & Q f = c ? ~ *>feTh', ~ o r e g a anata
no pen desu ka.
Which m e is yoiw pen?
If you want ta be slightly more specific than kore, sore, and
are, you can use kmo, smo, and a m together with a n m . (Note here
that the re series must always stand alone, while the m series must
always be folbwed by a noun.) Thus, if you know that the item in
your hand is a watch Ctokee), instead of:
Zt-lAd ~ k < h T T & - o Kore wa ikura desu ka.
you can say:
Z 9 Z & f W 2 L \ ( hT- j -&~o Kona tokee wa ikura desu
ka.
How much jS this?
HOW much is this watch?
Similarly, if you are talking about a watch that is held by the
person you are talking to, you can say:
+ a r t-$~lta ; x / - t ~ . ~ x / ; ? _ ~ ~ ~ - j - ~ Sono toke
wa sanzen en desu.
That watch is 3,000 yen-
And if the watch is far from both the speaker and the listener,
you can say:
& ~ r ) Z d ; f ~ \ 1 3 3&-85Lz*lP+ ( RLTT, Ano tokee wa
sanzengohyaku en desu.
That watch over there is 3,500 y m .
If you already know that one of several watches is 3,500 yen but
do not know which, you can say:
z*9rc3~\6~ ~ h ~ ~ / t + v + ( ; ? - ~ / - r ~ f i ~ , w ~ ~ ~ w
u ~ c ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u o Y ~ v E ~ Dono tokee ga sanzengohyaku en desu
ka.
Since dono is a question word, just like dore discussed above,
we cannot use the particle wa with it; we must use ga.
-
To summarize:
zf i (fa--> Z@ noun (Ig--) close to the person speaking 33%
(kt-) 503 noun (la--) close to the person listening
(13~) 603 noun (I$--) far from both people (f j ;-) noun (fi5--)
unknown
In Lesson 1, we learned how to say things like Mean? san no
denwa bangoo (Mary's phone number) and Takeshi san no okaasa~
(Takeshi's mother). We now learn how to ask who something belongs
to. The question word for "who" is dare, and for "whose," we simply
add the particle no.
z$%ta iPr'#Ln h*t%t lTThao Kore wa dare no kaban desu ka. Whose
bag i s this?
+&la Z s r L o $ * I f A t f , Sore wa Suu san no kaban
desu. That is Sue's bag.
We: will learn just one more ko-so-a-do set in this lessan:
koko, soku, u s o h , and doko are words for places.
7 - LL here, near w.w ?EZ fhere, mar you $;kZ over there EZ
where
You can ask far direti~rms by saying:
TkS,2*A, Ljp?ilF'A,41 ( I 3 Z * Z T T - ~ > ~ Surnirnasen,
yuubinkyoku wa doko desu ka.
E x m e me, where is fhe post office?
If you are close by, you can point toword the post office and
say:
(@jZP*h$a { (3) &%tTT, (Yuubinkyoku wa) asoko desu.
(The post office 5,) right over there.
We will learn how to give more specific directions in Lesson
4.
-
In Lesson I, we learned how to say "Item A is this, item B is
that." We now learn how to say "Item A is this, and item B is this,
too."
f= CT L 2 u a it tzx/c~,-c+"p, Takeshi san wa nihonjin desu.
& % r s A % i=~3ArLT- f0 Michiko san m r nihonjin desu.
Takahi is a Japanese person.
Mkhiko is Japanese, &.
Note that these two sentences are almost identical in shape-
This is natural, as they both claim that a certain person is
Japanese. The second sentence, however, is different from the first
in that we do not find the particle wa in it. We have mo instead.
Mo is a particle that indicates that that item, too, has the given
property. One thing that you should watch out for is exactly where
the particle is placed. In English, the word "too" can be placed
after the sentence as a whole, as in the example above. Not so in
Japanese. In the above example, mo must directly follow Michiko
san.
-.---. 3
.-----
. ,
! A [ ( TF, . a 8 r 8 s 8 .
A is X. i B i [ x i ?To , . - . m ..-..A . - - - - *
B M i s X . + 4'
two items shared property'
To negate a statement of the farm X wa Y desa, where Y is a
noun, you replace h a & 2
with ja apdmsn.
Ji33E3Sttd hP( i t~ \ t "+&93- tS-ho l k & Y a m d a i s
~ o f a s t d ~ n f . Yamada san w a gakusee ja arimasen.
'We cannot use nao to describe a situation like the folIowing:
Our friehd, Pat, has dud citizenship: Pat is a Japanese, but at the
same -time, she is an Americart To describe the second half of this
situation, we cannot say, P ~ t t o m ~ m & a j k desas,
because the sentence would mean that Pat, in addition to sdmebady
that has been mentioned, is an American- Neither cari we say,
Pcaifu wza d a i b z m dem. (Japanese speakers would say, Patto ma
amdajivt dma nrkwases.) 'In the dialogues, there are two sentences
that end with d m , which call for special attention: Are m tdad
dmtl we (That one too is expensive), and Oishii desas yo (It is
delicious). These sentences cannot be negated by replacing d m with
ja a n h s e ~ , because taka%' and okhii are not nouns. Are n%o
takai ju ~~nwbpett and oiskii ja a d m are therefore not
grammatical. Instead, m e would have to say f ~ k a k a r i m m and
uishikzr a?+mmm. We will learn about the conjugation pattern of
adjectives in Lesson 5.
-
Ja in ja arimase~ is a contraction of dewa. In written Japanese,
the uncontracted form is more common; thus, the above sentence more
likely appears in writing as Yamada sari wa gakusee dewa
arimasex.
affirmative: ( X I$) Y FTo X & Y. negative: (X 12) Y 6 + 8 9
%ePvQ X i~ isnot Y.
Statements often end with the tags ne or yo, depending on the
way fhe speaker views the interaction with the listener. If the
speaker is seeking the listener's confirmation or agreement to what
has been said, then ~zs ("right?") could be added.
7 r b ')-$&a - t kh%h&3 ,i:X/hs( TTita,
Ms.Lee,yourmaj~risliterature,~ght? Rii san no senmon wa bungaku
desu ne.
sh13 i - { L'*&;&, 3a*x/h, Kore wa niku ja arimasen
ne.
This is mt meat, is it?
Another particle, yo ("I tell you"), is added to a statement if
the speaker wants to assure the listener of what has been said.
With yo added, a statement becomes an authoritative decree.
Z h h > - l a S753QCeh!J 3 W d 0 Tonkatsu wa sakana ja
arimasen yo. Let me assare you. "Tozkatsu" is not faSkt. f k f i
> F ' l T xrx;cshta .~T-~JZLLT-~-.L, Surnisu san wa igirisujin
desu yo. (In case you're wondering,) Mr. Smith is Brifish.
-
E x p r e s s i o n N O * . $ @ ) u.&S IfA,
(-&)
-
@$3I; (Numbers)
I 100 ?Ye < hyaku
200 t:v.i-. < nihyaku
sanbyaku
400 1 kV+ < yonhyaku
500 L*V r. < gohyaku
rappyaku
700 QQV+ { nanahyaku
happyaku
600 3 ~ ~ 5 V . t . { kyuuhyaku
sen
c=*X, nisen
G < * A rokusen
QQ*#4, nanasen
10,000 tL ichiman
20,000 4x3 A n i man
30,000 3 / t 3 / L sanman
40,000 k k 2 & yon rn an
50,000 Z*3. A goman
60,000 6 < rokuman
70,000 Q Q 3 A nanaman
80,000 C;;S2;3 k hachiman
w o a o 3 @ 5 2 kyuuman
A. Read the following numbers. @
B. Look at the pictures and answer how much the things are.
=-..
Example: Q : L l ( bT-$-$xo Pen wa ikura desu ka.
Hachijuu en desu.
-
- X,
Ex. 2
C. Pair Work-One of you looks at picture A and the other looks
at picture B (p. 50). (Don't look at the other picture.) Find out
the price of all items. Example: A : R /I, V07 Cd L < & TT
&',
Enpitsu wa ikura desu ka.
I3 : ve < 2&T3-0 Hyaku en desu.
-
Picture A
A. Items (1) through (6) are near you, and items (7) through
(12) are near your friend. Your friend asks what these things are.
Answer the questions. Pay attention to Z h (kore) and %h (sore). @
Example 1: Your friend : Q AT-j-$k,
Sore wa nan desu ka. :^ x.
You : Z -esTT, Kore wa pen desu.
Example 2: Your friend : : )z (3 3 /Y Tf Kore w a nan desu
ka.
Z l r 2 Q A You: PL-j--T--$o
Sore wa toreenaa desu.
-
6. Look at the picture and tell what each building is. @
Example: Q : X/Tj*a,
Are wa nan desu ka.
A : A h t A Z L a h*h 'T$ , Are wa toshokan desu.
Ex.
-
C. Pair Work-Point out five things in the classroom and ask your
partner what they are using Lfi (kore), 5;tz (sore), or &fi
(are). Refer to the picture on p. 53 for the vocabulary.
Example 1:
A : & h i 3 QLT-j-fia, Are wa nan desu ka.
B : Z i f ~ \ T - " p , Are wa tokee desu.
Example 2:
A : + j h . t l QXIT-f*~, Sore wa nan desu ka.
% 6 B : t w a ~x=j-,
Kore wa pen desu.
D. Pair Work-One of you looks at card A and the other looks at
card B (p. 51). Ask and answer questions to find out the price of
each item. Use ZC5, (kono), tcD (sono), or (ano) appropriately.
Example: Customer : L a &a k ti L ( L; TT h x ,
Kono hon wa ikura desu ka.
Store attendant : i=+?ttVe < z AT?, Nisen hyaku en desu.
Card A
Part I. You are a store attendant. Tell Part 11. You are a
customer. Ask for the the customer how much each item is. prices
'of items (1)-(5).
-
Pair Work-Point at each item below (picture A) and ask whose it
is. Your partner will refer to the picture B (p. 52) and tell you
who it belongs to.
Example: A : Z kz 43 fsfi c3 hx ti. TT&., Kore wa dare no
kasa desu ka. n h l i b
B : $7 '1-$A@ ha5TT, Mearii san no kasa desu.
Picture A
Switch roles with your partner.
@B%ft";shr% tjRIZhrl;hPf Look at the pictures below and describe
each picture. @
Example:
S Z i S h t A G113X/t'h/T% Otoosan wa nihonjin desu. S h * &
3 h S i ~ ~ 3 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 Okaasan mo nihonjin desu.
Ex. Japanese Father Mother
-
(1) second year Mary Tanaka
(4) z Gf L \ tokee
(5) vegetable
(3) 22-years old Takeshi Robert
(6) U. of London students
A. Look at the chart on the next page and answer t h e
questions. @ a h & ? c r
ExampIe: Q : 9 7 1 1 - $ A t 3 1~13X,cX/ -p$ -$a , Mearii san wa
nihonjin desu ka.
& a h 1 r ) . A 2 . C - i S X . C / Y L ' p & q a * ~ o
p$I,fic/&T-j-,
lie, nihonjin ja arimasen. Amerikajin desu.
1. Ak-? t 9ht3 -f;@ i :+C L'hCTh*, Takeshi san wa chuugokujin
desu ka. 4 IZ B t: & & ' I d .
2. Dl
-
r h h 1 L 1 & & E X . 7. 9 7 1) - 5 x/ta n 2 F
=/~"Tlrf-lr*,
Mearii san wa Rondon daigaku no gakusee desu ka.
8. i?= Cj L 3 AE3 t z iQk*~ \c i l " *k~ , Takeshi san wa
ninensee desu ka. -f i
9. 2 - 3 xlta L ~ ~ ; & A + ? L \ T T & ~ ~ Suu san w a
ichinensee desu ka. 5 E h Y
10. a/ B : 22, ')-SLa ~ L \ L S T - $ - ~
Ee, Rii san no saifu desu.
Tozai Univ.
history
4th year
Seoul Univ.
computer
3rd year
U. of London
business
Tozai Univ. (Japanese teacher)
4th year
-
* & 9 b b
97')- Mearii
a j z Yoo ko
@ b &a@ #"Lh 1/ @ 3 (Review Exercises) A. Role Play-One
student is a store attendant. The other is a customer. Use
Dialogue I as a model.
-
B. Role Play-One student is a waiter/waitress. The other student
goes to a restaurant. Look at the menu below and order some food or
drink, using Dialogue II as a model.
-
Pair work @ C. Example: A : 2 XlV9 tA t: ( l; T T h a ,
Enpitsu wa ikura desu ka.
Hyaku en desu.
-
Pair Work @ D. Example: Customer : z 13 63 l\ ( 6 TT f i x o
Kono hon wa ikura desu ka.
Store attendant : C=+X/iY+ ( Z hTT, Nisen hyaku en desu.
Card B
I Ex. (3)
Part I. You are a customer. Ask for the price of items
(1)-(5).
Part 11. You are a store attendant. TeIl the customer how much
each item is.
-
Pair Work @) Example: A : LkLba fs#'L@ h'sTTi3',
Kore wa dare no kasa desu ka. K l & ' l t >
6 : %7'1-3/La &+TTo Mearii san no kasa desu.
Picture B
-f 5 2- Suu Takeshi Mearii Robaato Yamashita sensee
-
I l n t h e C l a s s r o o m
Useful Expressions b15.3 3 I# k, I understand. /I understood.
Wakarimashita.
&?$%!I a%&, I don't understand./I don't know.
Wakarimasen.
@=I ( rJ b h 7 - C ( ~ S S L ~ ~ Please speak slowly. Yukkuri
itte kudasai.
& 9 ~6 Z* L ~ I f { f2-3 L L ~ Please say it again. Moo
ichido jtte kudasai.
I
G 1 7 Z 3 7 T ( ? S 3 h l Please wait. Chotto matte kudasai.
-
?-ba$g% Making a Date
a Mary and Takeshi are talking.
@ On Sunday morning, at Mary's host family's.