CHAPTER 19 The Great Depression and the Rise of Totalitarianism Section 4: Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany Objective: Describe Hitler’s rise.

CHAPTER 19The Great Depression and the Rise of Totalitarianism

Section 4: Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany

Objective:

Describe Hitler’s rise to power, methods of control, and the reasons for his overwhelming support by the general public.

SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany

Weimar Republic

Why were the German people not satisfied with their

new republic?


Germany paid off its war debts by borrowing from the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom, meanwhile, paid Germany by borrowing from the U.S. This created a situation wherein all European countries became dependant on the U.S.A.

Now American banks wanted their money back . . .Germany’s economy collapses.


Unemployment was rampant …

Inflation soared.


The Salvation Army serves hungry Berliners in the dark days of 1923.


With the mark almost worthless, bartering made a comeback. Germans are seen here swapping bread, sausages and jam for tickets to the circus.


The collapse of the mark made it cheaper to paper a wall with bank notes than to buy wallpaper.


September 1928 650,000 unemployed

September 1929 1,320,000 unemployed




January 1933 6,100,000 unemployed

Unemploymentin the Weimar Republic


What does this graphillustrate about the valueof the German mark?

In 1918, Berlin bread was worth less than a mark, by 1922 the same bread would cost 160 marks, and by 1923, the bread would be

200 billion marks.


Right-wing groups and communist groups tried to overthrow the ailing republic.

1923 Beer Hall Putsch

A group of extreme nationalists …. led by Adolf Hitler.


While in prison, Hitler wroteMein Kampf detailing his politicalideology – his belief that the world’stwin evils were communism andJudaism.

He also predicted Germany’sfuture on the world stage.


Hitler’s political party wasextremely nationalistic,anti-Semitic, and anticommunist.

National Socialist GermanWorkers’ Party.

Nazi Party


Hitler promised to repeal the hatedTreaty of Versailles and restoreGermany’s military power.

… recovery of lost territory.

… a “greater Germany”.

… the “master race”.


In 1932, the Nazi Party won 230seats in the Reichstag – more thanany other party but not enoughto claim a majority.

In 1933, the president would appointAdolf Hitler as chancellor.



• police state• banned ALL

opposition• the Gestapo (secret

police)• “inferior races”

suffered persecution

Der Führer Third Reich


SECTION 4Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and GermanyThe persecution and exodus of Germany's 525,000 Jews began almost immediately.

In April 1933, German law restricted the number of Jewish students at German schools and universities.

In the same month, further legislation sharply curtailed "Jewish activity" in the medical and legal professions.


The Nuremberg Laws - 1935• excluded German Jews

from Reich citizenship

• prohibited them from marrying or having sexual relations with persons of "German or German-related blood."

• Jews were disenfranchised and could not hold public office.


A Sign that Reads 'Jews Aren't Welcome Here'



1935, A Sign that Reads, 'Local Residents Don't Want Any Relations

with Jews'


The Third Reich begins …• Hitler orders troops into

the Rhineland – direct violation of Treaty of Versailles

• Neither Great Britain nor France reacts!

• Alliance with Mussolini . . . . The Rome-Berlin Axis.



CHAPTER 19 The Great Depression and the Rise of Totalitarianism Section 4: Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany Objective: Describe Hitler’s rise.

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